scholarly journals Optimization of energy parameters during surgery of high-density cataract

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Tereshchenko ◽  
Irina G. Trifanenkova ◽  
Alexander M. Ivanov ◽  
Marina V. Okuneva ◽  
Natalya A. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Laser Action ◽  
High Density ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Laser Exposure ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Iol Implantation ◽  
Nucleus Density ◽  
Energy Parameters ◽  
Age Related

The goal is to develop a combined technique for preliminary YAG laser fragmentation and Femto laser exposure on a CATALYS device and to evaluate its role in reducing the time and energy parameters of a surgery of high-density cataract. Material and methods. The study included 118 patients (118 eyes) with age-related cataracts of the 3rd and 4th degrees of lens nucleus density. In the main group, before phacoemulsification (PE) with a Femto laser support and IOL implantation, preliminary YAG laser phacofragmentation of the lens nucleus was performed. In the first control group, PE was performed with Femto laser support and IOL implantation. In the second control group PE with IOL implantation. Results. A 35% decrease in the energy of the Femto laser action at a 3rd degree of lens nucleus density was achieved, and 40% at the 4th degree, in comparison with the PE with the Femto laser support without preliminary YAG laser phacofragmentation, a 38% decrease in the cumulative ultrasound energy at 3rd degree of the lens nucleus density, and 42% at 4th degree compared with isolated ultrasonic cataract phacoemulsification. Conclusion. The proposed modification of the technique of combined YAG laser and Femto laser exposure allows achieving during cataract surgery a complete fragmentation of the lens nucleus of a high degree of density, helps minimizing the risk of complications and reaching quick postoperative rehabilitation of patients.

scholarly journals Pulpal Thermal Changes following Er-YAG Laser Debonding of Ceramic Brackets

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Nalbantgil ◽  
Murat Tozlu ◽  
Mehmet Oguz Oztoprak
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Laser Exposure ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ceramic Brackets ◽  
Bond Strengths

Lasers are effective in debonding ceramic brackets. Unfortunately, while reducing the adhesive bond strength, lasers are also reported to increase pulpal temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths and temperature increase levels after debonding ceramic brackets using an Er-YAG laser with or without water-cooling. Sixty polycrystalline upper premolar ceramic brackets were placed on the labial surface of sixty human premolar teeth which were randomly divided into three groups of twenty. A laser pulse at 5 W for 9 seconds was delivered to each bracket in both study groups either with water-cooling (water group) or without water-cooling (waterless group) using an Er-YAG laser. Debonding was performed 45 seconds after laser exposure and shear bond strengths were measured. Data comparison revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups. Mean temperature increases of 2.41°C and 4.59°C were recorded for the water and waterless laser groups, respectively. The shear bond strength value for the control group was 22.76 MPa and 10.46 and 6.36 MPa for the water and waterless laser groups, respectively. The application of Er-YAG laser with water-cooling was an efficient and safe method of debonding ceramic brackets.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

scholarly journals The impact of vascular risk factors on the thickness and volume of the choroid in AMD patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Krytkowska ◽  
Aleksandra Grabowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Mozolewska-Piotrowska ◽  
Zofia Ulańczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Safranow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Central Ring ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wet Amd

AbstractDisturbances in choroidal microcirculation may lead to the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We aimed to assess changes in the choroidal volume and thickness in the macular region in AMD eyes and to investigate whether coexisting vascular risk factors alter choroidal status. We enrolled 354 AMD patients (175 dry, 179 wet AMD) and 121 healthy controls. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination and assessment of choroidal thickness and volume. A multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status revealed that wet AMD was an independent factor associated with higher average thickness of the central ring area (ATC) and average volume of the central ring area (AVC) and lower choroidal vascularity index (CVI) compared to controls (β =  + 0.18, p = 0.0007, β =  + 0.18, p = 0.0008, respectively) and to dry AMD (β =  + 0.17, p = 0.00003 for both ATC and AVC and β =  − 0.30 p < 0.0001 for CVI). ATC, AVC and average volume (AV) were lower in AMD patients with hypertension and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). The duration of hypertension was inversely correlated with ATC, AVC and AV (Rs =  − 0.13, p < 0.05; Rs =  − 0.12; p < 0.05, Rs =  − 0.12; p < 0.05, respectively) while IHD duration negatively correlated with AV (Rs =  − 0.15, p < 0.05). No such associations were observed in the control group. Our findings show that the choroidal vascular system in eyes with AMD is much more susceptible to damage in the presence than in the absence of systemic vascular disease.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Combined With Autologous High-Density Fat Transplantation in Augmentation Rhinoplasty

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110169
Author(s):  
Dan Yan ◽  
Shuai-Hua Li ◽  
An-Li Zhang ◽  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Ze-Chun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Retention Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Density ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fat Transplantation ◽  
Augmentation Rhinoplasty ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Autologous Fat

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the clinical effect of autologous fat-granule transplantation in augmentation rhinoplasty and explore methods to improve the fat retention rate. Methods: A total of 70 enrolled patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) combined with high-density fat transplantation group (combined group) and the conventional fat-granule transplantation group (control group; n = 35 in each group). In the combined group, an appropriate amount of autologous fat was extracted and centrifuged, and the lower layer of high-density fat was taken and mixed with PRF isolated from whole blood for autotransplantation. In the control group, only fat was extracted and centrifuged for transplantation. The patients were followed up with for more than one year to observe the short- and long-term effects, complications, safety, and patient satisfaction. Results: Six months after the operation, the nasal shape was stable, the contour was higher and more stereoscopic than before, the average increase of nasal height was 3.0 mm in the combined group and 2.0 mm in the control group. No complications, such as fat embolism, infection, or necrosis occurred during the 1-year follow-up. The satisfaction rate between the 2 groups has statistical significance ( P < .05). Conclusion: Overall, PRF combined with autologous high-density fat transplantation is simple to perform, has a significantly increased fat-retention rate than the control group, and has stable long-term effects without obvious adverse reactions. A sufficient amount of fat and PRF transplantation can achieve a good orthopedic effect. Thus, this method can be widely used in clinical augmentation rhinoplasty.

scholarly journals Extra Virgin Olive Oil Prevents the Age-Related Shifts of the Distribution of HDL Subclasses and Improves Their Functionality

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2235
Author(s):  
Alyann Otrante ◽  
Amal Trigui ◽  
Roua Walha ◽  
Hicham Berrougui ◽  
Tamas Fulop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Subjects

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) maintain cholesterol homeostasis through the role they play in regulating reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), a process by which excess cholesterol is transported back to the liver for elimination. However, RCT can be altered in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as aging, which contributes to the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) intake on the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL, and to elucidate on the mechanisms by which EVOO intake improves the anti-atherogenic activity of HDL. A total of 84 healthy women and men were enrolled and were distributed, according to age, into two groups: 27 young (31.81 ± 6.79 years) and 57 elderly (70.72 ± 5.6 years) subjects. The subjects in both groups were given 25 mL/d of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) for 12 weeks. CEC was measured using J774 macrophages radiolabeled with tritiated cholesterol ((3H) cholesterol). HDL subclass distributions were analyzed using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint® system. The HDL from the elderly subjects exhibited a lower level of CEC, at 11.12% (p < 0.0001), than the HDL from the young subjects. The CEC of the elderly subjects returned to normal levels following 12 weeks of EVOO intake. An analysis of the distribution of HDL subclasses showed that HDL from the elderly subjects were composed of lower levels of large HDL (L-HDL) (p < 0.03) and higher levels of small HDL (S-HDL) (p < 0.002) compared to HDL from the young subjects. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between CEC and L-HDL levels (r = 0.35 and p < 0.001) as well as an inverse correlation between CEC and S-HDL levels (r = −0.27 and p < 0.01). This correlation remained significant even when several variables, including age, sex, and BMI as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucose levels (β = 0.28, p < 0.002, and β = 0.24, p = 0.01) were accounted for. Consuming EVOO for 12 weeks modulated the age-related difference in the distribution of HDL subclasses by reducing the level of S-HDL and increasing the level of intermediate-HDL/large-HDL (I-HDL/L-HDL) in the elderly subjects. The age-related alteration of the CEC of HDL was due, in part, to an alteration in the distribution of HDL subclasses. A diet enriched in EVOO improved the functionality of HDL through an increase in I-HDL/L-HDL and a decrease in S-HDL.

scholarly journals Perilla Seed Oil Enhances Cognitive Function and Mental Health in Healthy Elderly Japanese Individuals by Enhancing the Biological Antioxidant Potential

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Michio Hashimoto ◽  
Kentaro Matsuzaki ◽  
Shahdat Hossain ◽  
Tomoko Ito ◽  
Harumi Wakatsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Elderly Japanese ◽  
Perilla Seed

Oxidative stress plays an important role in age-associated cognitive decline. We recently reported that dietary intake of perilla seed oil (PO), a rich source of α-linolenic acid (LNA, C18:3, ω-3), helps in maintaining good mental health in adults. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of dietary PO intake on cognitive functions and mental health in healthy, elderly Japanese individuals. Seventy-five healthy volunteers aged 64–84 years were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a PO-administered group. At baseline and at 12 months of intervention, cognitive function, mental health condition, fatty acid profile of the red blood cell plasma membranes (RBC-PM), and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. Results showed that serum biological antioxidant potential and LNA levels in the RBC-PM at 12 months after the trial were significantly higher in the PO group compared to the control group. Further, both the cognitive function measures, as evaluated by the Frontal Assessment Battery test and the apathy scores, tended to be improved after 12 months in the PO group. Our results demonstrate that dietary PO intake enhances the antioxidant potential and prevents the age-related cognitive and mental decline in healthy elderly individuals by enhancing the blood LNA levels.

Assessment of the quality of life of patients with total jaw defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (38) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
A. A. Sletov ◽  
D. V. Mikhalchenko ◽  
A. V. Zhidovinov ◽  
A. S. Serbin ◽  
K. A. Aleshanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Device ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Group Rehabilitation ◽  
Jaw Defects

Cancer of the lower jaw is one of the most common causes of the development of total defects. There are many indices and indicators to assess the quality of life of patients with this pathology, but they do not fully describe the features of their postoperative rehabilitation. The question of developing an evaluation criterion for the introduction of a special device in patients with subtotal defects of the lower jaw remains open.Material and methods. In the period from 2010 to 2021, 100 patients with subtotal defects of the lower jaw, aged 30 to 65 years old, who are being treated in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the GBUZ SKKKB, were interviewed. All patients were divided into 2 groups of 50 people each. In the main rehabilitation was carried out using a special device to optimize the biomechanics of the lower jaw, in the control group, rehabilitation was carried out without one. The article presents the results of assessing the quality of life, which were carried out using a special questionnaire.Conclusions. This questionnaire makes it possible to assess the standard of living of patients using a special device at the stages of rehabilitation.

Application of 25-National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in ophthalmological patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Luciano Mesquite Simmo ◽  
Carissa Fouad Ibrahim ◽  
Senice Alvarenga Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Thai Nunes Andrade ◽  
Doora Faleiros Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Function ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Visual Function Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To compare the vision-targeted health related quality of life (HRQOL) between neuro-ophthalmological patients and other eye diseases by the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire. Methods: Cross sectional study with a control group and patients with the following pathologies: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), intracranial hypertension (IH), optic neuritis (ON), ptosis and cataract. Results: All comparisons of the subscales scores among the control group and the patient groups were statistically significant (p<0.05) except for “ocular pain” (p=0.160), “social functioning” (p=0.052) and “peripheral vision” (p=0.112). The control group had the best scores across all dimensions of the NEI VFQ-25. Interestingly, the ARMD and cataract groups presented the best and worst total scores of NEI VFQ-25, respectively. The lowest subscales scores were found in the cataract, in the NAION/ON, and in the POAG groups. Finally, the comparison between the NAION/ON/IH patients and the other eye diseases did not show statistical significance in any subscale. Conclusion: The NEI VFQ-25 showed the impact of various eye conditions in vision-targeted HRQOL, and no difference was measured between neuro-ophthalmological patients and other eye diseases

Preparation of Silk Fibroin Nanofiber Scaffold and Its Application in Tendon-Bone Healing and Sports Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1374-1382
Author(s):  
Xiaocheng Jiang ◽  
Yuxiang Ren ◽  
Xintao Zhang ◽  
Tian You ◽  
Shiyou Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Nanofiber Scaffold ◽  
Nanofiber Scaffolds

ABSTRACTIn this work, polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/silk fibroin (PLA/PCL/SF) nanofiber scaffolds with different mass ratios were prepared by electrospinning technology. The morphology and structure of the nanofiber scaffold were characterized with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and its porosity and adsorption were tested using the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 24 New Zealand white rabbits were rolled into control group (n = 8, with autologous tendons) and experimental group (n = 16) randomly. The PLA/PCL/SF nanofiber scaffolds were adopted to wrap autologous tendons to establish extra-articular models. Tendon-bone healing was evaluated six weeks after surgery through histological and biomechanical tests, and the related gene expressions in tissue cells were detected. It turned out that mass ratio of PLA/PCL and SF components had a considerable impact on the morphology of the nanofiber scaffold. The surface of nanofiber with a mass ratio of 3:1 was distributed with dense pores. As the content of SF increased, the porosity and adsorption of the nanofiber scaffold gradually decreased. Moreover, the experimental results suggested that the addition of SF improved the hydrophilicity of PLA/PCL/SF scaffold, which was beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH/3T3 (a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)). In addition, histological observation results showed that the width of the tendon-bone interface (TBI) of rabbits in control group was still relatively large at the 6th week after the surgery, with poor healing effect and disordered collagen arrangement. The widths of the TBI of the material group and rehabilitation group were substantially narrower relative to that in control group, and the collagen was arranged regularly. It was suggested that the healing effects between tendon and bone in material group and rehabilitation group were accelerated, and the effect in the rehabilitation group was superior to that of material group, indicating that rehabilitation exercise could organize the negative effects of training in postoperative rehabilitation training and promote the healing between tendons and bones.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document