scholarly journals On the vertebral neurological and biological aspects of osteochondrosis

1999 ◽  
Vol XXXI (1-4) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Popelyansky
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Local Process ◽  
Radiological Diagnostics ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Vertebral Segment

The root cause of osteochondrosis is the defeat of a small pulp within the vertebral segment. The clinical significance of the pathology initiated by this education is very great. The complex knot of this discrepancy was unleashed by individual radiologists, who limited this supposedly local process to its morphological framework. However, broad-minded specialists in radiological diagnostics have long risen above this localizationism and assessed not only the X-ray morphological, but also the clinical, especially neurological, aspects of the problem.

Application Of Electron Microscopy To Automotive Finish Defect Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
Martin J. Mahon ◽  
Patrick W. Keating ◽  
John T. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Defect Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Automotive Finish

Coatings are applied to appliances, instruments and automobiles for a variety of reasons including corrosion protection and enhancement of market value. Automobile finishes are a highly complex blend of polymeric materials which have a definite impact on the eventual ability of a car to sell. Consumers report that the gloss of the finish is one of the major items they look for in an automobile.With the finish being such an important part of the automobile, there is a zero tolerance for paint defects by auto assembly plant management. Owing to the increased complexity of the paint matrix and its inability to be “forgiving” when foreign materials are introduced into a newly applied finish, the analysis of paint defects has taken on unparalleled importance. Scanning electron microscopy with its attendant x-ray analysis capability is the premier method of examining defects and attempting to identify their root cause.Defects are normally examined by cutting out a coupon sized portion of the autobody and viewing in an SEM at various angles.

scholarly journals Effect of the γ→ε Phase Transition on Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) of Nickel-Free High Nitrogen Steel at Low Temperatures

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Natalia Narkevich ◽  
Yevgeny Deryugin ◽  
Yury Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Nitrogen Steel ◽  
Transformation Induced Plasticity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Nitrogen Steel ◽  
Ε Phase ◽  
Ε Martensite

The deformation behavior, mechanical properties, and microstructure of Fe-Cr-Mn-0.53%N austenitic stainless steel were studied at a temperature range of 77 up to 293 K. The dynamics of the steel elongation were non-monotonic with a maximum at 240–273 K, when peaks of both static atom displacements from their equilibrium positions in austenite and residual stresses in the tensile load direction were observed. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the only stress-induced γ→ε-martensite transformation occurred upon deformation (no traces of the γ→α′ one was found). In this case, the volume fraction of ε-martensite was about 2–3%. These transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) patterns were discussed in terms of changes in the phase composition of steel as the root cause.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Azygous Lobe-An Anatomical Variant

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Seiber ◽  
N Karcara ◽  
P Pant
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accessory Lobe ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

Pulmonary azygous lobe is one of the common lung malformations. There is only few article about azygous lobe. Its a small accessory lobe sometimes found on the upper part of the right lung, separated from the rest of the upper lobe by a deep groove lodging the ayzygous vein. This reports describes the presence of azygous lobe, a rare anatomical variant, encountered during chest x-ray discussion. We describe here the anatomical basis and the clinical significance of azygous lobe.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(2) 2014: 151-152

X-ray Appearance and Clinical Significance of Left Atrial Wall Calcification

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale R. Shaw ◽  
James T. T. Chen ◽  
Richard G. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Atrial Wall ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Left Atrial Wall ◽  
Wall Calcification

scholarly journals Root Cause Analysis and Correction of Single Metal Contact Open-Induced Scan Chain Failure in 90 nm Node VLSI

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Cheng Ting ◽  
Ya-Chi Liu ◽  
Hsuan-Hsien Chen ◽  
Chung-Ching Tsai ◽  
Liwen Shih
Keyword(s):  
Metal Contact ◽  
Copper Plating ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Excess Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Incomplete Removal ◽  
Scan Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
O2 Plasma

Abstract In this paper, the localization of open metal contact for 90nm node SOC is reported based on Electron Beam Absorbed Current (EBAC) technique and scan diagnosis for the first time. According to the detected excess carbon, silicon and oxygen signals obtained from X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), the failure was deemed to be caused by the incomplete removal of silicate photoresist polymer formed during the O2 plasma dry clean before copper plating. Based on this, we proposed to replace the dry clean with diluted HF clean prior to the copper plating, which can significantly remove the silicate polymers and increase the yield.

Printed Circuit Board Propagating Faults

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daren T. Slee
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Abstract This paper is a review of propagating faults in printed circuit boards (PCBs) from the perspective of using the resulting burn and melted copper patterns to identify likely locations of fault initiation. Visual examination and x-ray imaging are the main techniques for examining PCB propagating faults. Once the likely fault initiation location has been identified, fault tree analysis can be used to determine the root cause for fault initiation. The paper discusses the mechanisms by which PCB propagating faults occur. The method of determining the likely area of initiation of the fault using visual examination of the PCB burn pattern, x-ray imaging, and the layout artwork for the PCB is discussed. The paper then goes on to discuss possible root-causes for the initiation of PCB propagating faults and some of their considerations.

Failure Analysis of a Qualification Unit Injector for a Satellite Thruster

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lipschutz ◽  
R. Brannam ◽  
T. Nguyentat
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Qualification Testing ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Unit Injector

Abstract This article details the results of a failure analysis performed on a Qualification Unit injector for a military satellite thrusters and explains that the failure was initially detected due to a shift in performance during qualification testing. Failure analysis involved non-destructive evaluation on the injector using micro-focus X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. Serial cross-sectional metallography was then performed, with each cross-section documented by optical microscopy and SEM. The failure analysis resulted in three main conclusions: (1) the root cause of the failure was attributed to multiple detonations in or around the damaged orifice; these detonations were likely caused by fuel and/or combustion products condensing in the orifice between pulses and then igniting during a subsequent pulse; (2) multiple damage mechanisms were identified in addition to the ZOT detonations; and (3) the material and platelet manufacturing process met all design parameters.

Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry Performance on Multiple Transmission Electron Microscope Platforms

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Demarest ◽  
Chris Deeb ◽  
Thomas Murray ◽  
Hong-Ying Zhai
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Analytical Tem ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Multiple Transmission

Abstract Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) is a key analytical tool aiding root cause determination in the failure analysis (FA) process. This paper looks at a number of analytical TEM microscopes currently in use in various facilities: microscope A, a STEM operated at 200kV; microscope B, a 300kV TEM; and microscopes C and D, both 200kV TEMs. EDS counts per unit time from multiple microscope platforms were examined. Microscope D demonstrated two orders of magnitude higher counts per unit time than the other three microscopes. Microscope D represents the state-of-the-art EDS analytical TEM configuration and has achieved this through a novel windowless EDS configuration which significantly increases the detector area (by about a factor of three) that receives X-rays generated from the sample.

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