scholarly journals Prognostic significance of electroencephalographic syndromes in acute infections of central nervous system in children

1998 ◽  
Vol XXX (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Y. A. Rosin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Good Outcome ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Assisted Analysis ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Severe Neurological Impairment

Visual and computer - assisted analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed in 156 children with infections of central nervous system (CNS). It revealed four variants of EEG tracings (EEG-syndromes), related to different neurulogical outcome of the disease. EEG-syndromes of polirhythmia and sleep-like bradyrhythmia predicted good outcome. Syndrome of bioelectrical depression predicted poor outcome with the risk of severe neurological impairment. Prognostic significance of EEG-syndrome of cortical deafferentation depends on its duration in the acute period of the disease.

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

scholarly journals GCT-15. INTEGRATED CLINICAL, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, AND MOLECULAR DATA ANALYSIS OF 190 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM GERM CELL TUMORS FROM THE IGCT CONSORTIUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii330-iii331
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Takami ◽  
Koichi Ichimura ◽  
Kohei Fukuoka ◽  
Akitake Mukasa ◽  
Nobuhito Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor

Abstract BACKGROUND We integrated clinical, histopathological, and molecular data of central nervous system germ cell tumors to provide insights into their management. METHODS Data from the Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Genome Analysis Consortium were reviewed. A total of 190 cases were classified as primary GCTs based on central pathological reviews. RESULTS All but one of the cases that were bifocal (neurohypophysis and pineal glands) and cases with multiple lesions including neurohypophysis or pineal gland were germinomas (34 of 35). Age was significantly higher in patients with germinoma than other histologies. Comparison between tumor marker and histopathological diagnoses showed that 18.2% of histopathologically diagnosed germinomas were marker-positive and 6.1% of non-germinomatous GCTs were marker-negative, suggesting a limitation in the utility of markers or histopathology alone using small specimens for diagnosis. Comparison between local and central histopathological diagnoses revealed a discordance of 12.7%. Discordance was significantly less frequent in biopsy cases, implying difficulty in detecting all histopathological components of heterogeneous GCTs. Germinomas at the typical sites (neurohypophysis or pineal gland) showed a better PFS than those at atypical sites (p=0.03). A molecular-clinical association study revealed frequent MAPK pathway mutations in males (51.4 vs 14.3 %, p=0.007), and PI3K/mTOR pathway mutations in basal ganglia cases (p=0.004). Basal ganglia cases also had frequent chromosomal losses. Some chromosomal aberrations (2q, 8q gain, 5q, 9p/q, 13q, 15q loss) showed potential prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS These in-depth findings of this study regarding the clinical and molecular heterogeneity will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this enigmatic tumor.

scholarly journals Paroxysmal Autonomic Instability with Dystonia after Pneumococcal Meningoencephalitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layal Safadieh ◽  
Rana Sharara-Chami ◽  
Omar Dabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
First Case ◽  
Autonomic Instability ◽  
Severe Neurological Impairment

Streptococcus pneumoniaeis a common cause of bacterial meningitis, frequently resulting in severe neurological impairment. A seven-month-old child presenting withStreptococcus pneumoniaemeningoencephalitis developed right basal ganglia and hypothalamic infarctions. Daily episodes of agitation, hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, hyperthermia, and decerebrate posturing were observed. The diagnosis ofparoxysmal autonomic instability with dystoniawas established. The patient responded to clonidine, baclofen, and benzodiazepines. Although this entity has been reported in association with traumatic brain injury, and as a sequel to some nervous system infections, this is the first case, to our knowledge, associated with pneumococcal meningoencephalitis.

Prognostic Significance of Interim 11C-Methionine PET/CT in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. e259-e264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seo-Yeon Ahn ◽  
Seong Young Kwon ◽  
Sung-Hoon Jung ◽  
Jae-Sook Ahn ◽  
Su Woong Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Pet Ct

SYMPTOMATIC HYPONATREMIA IN ACUTE INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-613
Author(s):  
William L. Nyhan ◽  
Robert E. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Water Intoxication ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acute Hyponatremia

Acute hyponatremia has been noted on seven occasions in five patients with acute infections of the central nervous system. Symptoms were those of water intoxication and the response to the administration of hypertonic saline was prompt and dramatic. The hyponatremia appears to be due to acute expansion of the extracellular fluid volume in association with antidiuresis. Frequent determinations of the concentrations of electrolytes in the serum and prophylactic limitation of water intake are recommended as possible means of reducing mortality in disease of the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Integrated clinical, histopathological, and molecular data analysis of 190 central nervous system germ cell tumors from the iGCT Consortium

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1565-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Takami ◽  
Kohei Fukuoka ◽  
Shintaro Fukushima ◽  
Taishi Nakamura ◽  
Akitake Mukasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor

Abstract Background We integrated clinical, histopathological, and molecular data of central nervous system germ cell tumors to provide insights into their management. Methods Data from the Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Genome Analysis (iGCT) Consortium were reviewed. A total of 190 cases were classified as primary germ cell tumors (GCTs) based on central pathological reviews. Results All but one of the cases that were bifocal (neurohypophysis and pineal glands) and cases with multiple lesions including neurohypophysis or pineal gland were germinomas (34 of 35). Age was significantly higher in patients with germinoma than other histologies. Comparison between tumor marker and histopathological diagnoses showed that 18.2% of histopathologically diagnosed germinomas were marker positive and 6.1% of non-germinomatous GCTs were marker negative, suggesting a limitation in the utility of markers or histopathology alone using small specimens for diagnosis. Comparison between local and central histopathological diagnoses revealed a discordance of 12.7%. Discordance was significantly less frequent in biopsy cases, implying difficulty in detecting all histopathological components of heterogeneous GCTs. Germinomas at the typical sites (neurohypophysis or pineal gland) showed a better progression-free survival than those at atypical sites (P = 0.03). A molecular clinical association study revealed frequent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway mutations in males (51.4% vs 14.3%, P = 0.007), and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) pathway mutations in basal ganglia cases (P = 0.004). Basal ganglia cases also had frequent chromosomal losses. Some chromosomal aberrations (2q, 8q gain, 5q, 9p/q, 13q, 15q loss) showed potential prognostic significance. Conclusions The in-depth findings of this study regarding clinical and molecular heterogeneity will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this enigmatic tumor.

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