Error-related negativity: neurocognitive transdiagnostic marker of anxiety disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol LIII (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Olga A. Sagalakova ◽  
Dmitry V. Truevtsev ◽  
Olga V. Zhirnova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Causal Connections ◽  
The Moment

The article is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for research on neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety disorders. In response to limitations and contradictions in the logic of the categorical method of classification of mental disorders, the popularity of the dimensional approach, in which the emphasis shifts to the assessment of the severity of symptoms. The National Institute of Mental Health has developed the promising approach based on the search for systemic neurobiological foundations of mental disorders. Based on the project RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) the search for trans-diagnostic mechanisms of mental disorders has been updated. The logic of RDoC echoes the position of Russian pathopsychology, in which the syndrome of mental activity disorders is considered in dynamics, the mechanisms of the functioning of the psyche are qualified as identical in norm and pathology. In the study of anxiety-related disorders, the obvious commonality of the spectrum of manifestations that acquire nosological clarification against the background of the escalation of the severity of symptoms and secondary compensatory processes has repeatedly been put forward in the center of research attention. The aim of the article is a theoretical and methodological analysis of the neurocognitive basis of the errors monitoring system, characteristic of normal and excessively expressed in anxiety disorders, including ERP component error related negativity (ERN). As a result, it is shown that this neurocogitive marker, experimentally modeled in conflict tasks (e.g., Eriksens flanker task), is expected to be a probable transdiagnostic basis for anxiety-related disorders (social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder). The increase in the amplitude of ERN in internalization, uniting anxiety-depressive symptoms, is explained by individual differences in the readiness to detect error and sensitivity to incorrect decisions. At the moment, the study of ERN retains the tempted of simplified interpretations, the arbitrary establishment of direct causal connections between the neural basis and mental phenomena.

scholarly journals Classifying patients with depressive and anxiety disorders according to symptom network structures: A Gaussian graphical mixture model-based clustering

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256902
Author(s):  
Jun Kashihara ◽  
Yoshitake Takebayashi ◽  
Yoshihiko Kunisato ◽  
Masaya Ito
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Model Based Clustering ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Labels

Patients with mental disorders often suffer from comorbidity. Transdiagnostic understandings of mental disorders are expected to provide more accurate and detailed descriptions of psychopathology and be helpful in developing efficient treatments. Although conventional clustering techniques, such as latent profile analysis, are useful for the taxonomy of psychopathology, they provide little implications for targeting specific symptoms in each cluster. To overcome these limitations, we introduced Gaussian graphical mixture model (GGMM)-based clustering, a method developed in mathematical statistics to integrate clustering and network statistical approaches. To illustrate the technical details and clinical utility of the analysis, we applied GGMM-based clustering to a Japanese sample of 1,521 patients (Mage = 42.42 years), who had diagnostic labels of major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 406), panic disorder (PD; n = 198), social anxiety disorder (SAD; n = 116), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; n = 66), comorbid MDD and any anxiety disorder (n = 636), or comorbid anxiety disorders (n = 99). As a result, we identified the following four transdiagnostic clusters characterized by i) strong OCD and PD symptoms, and moderate MDD and SAD symptoms; ii) moderate MDD, PD, and SAD symptoms, and weak OCD symptoms; iii) weak symptoms of all four disorders; and iv) strong symptoms of all four disorders. Simultaneously, a covariance symptom network within each cluster was visualized. The discussion highlighted that the GGMM-based clusters help us generate clinical hypotheses for transdiagnostic clusters by enabling further investigations of each symptom network, such as the calculation of centrality indexes.

scholarly journals Error-related brain activity as a transdiagnostic endophenotype for obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and substance use disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 1207-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Riesel ◽  
Julia Klawohn ◽  
Rosa Grützmann ◽  
Christian Kaufmann ◽  
Stephan Heinzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
First Degree Relatives

AbstractBackgroundIncreased neural error-signals have been observed in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders, and inconsistently in depression. Reduced neural error-signals have been observed in substance use disorders (SUD). Thus, alterations in error-monitoring are proposed as a transdiagnostic endophenotype. To strengthen this notion, data from unaffected individuals with a family history for the respective disorders are needed.MethodsThe error-related negativity (ERN) as a neural indicator of error-monitoring was measured during a flanker task from 117 OCD patients, 50 unaffected first-degree relatives of OCD patients, and 130 healthy comparison participants. Family history information indicated, that 76 healthy controls were free of a family history for psychopathology, whereas the remaining had first-degree relatives with depression (n = 28), anxiety (n = 27), and/or SUD (n = 27).ResultsIncreased ERN amplitudes were found in OCD patients and unaffected first-degree relatives of OCD patients. In addition, unaffected first-degree relatives of individuals with anxiety disorders were also characterized by increased ERN amplitudes, whereas relatives of individuals with SUD showed reduced amplitudes.ConclusionsAlterations in neural error-signals in unaffected first-degree relatives with a family history of OCD, anxiety, or SUD support the utility of the ERN as a transdiagnostic endophenotype. Reduced neural error-signals may indicate vulnerability for under-controlled behavior and risk for substance use, whereas a harm- or error-avoidant response style and vulnerability for OCD and anxiety appears to be associated with increased ERN. This adds to findings suggesting a common neurobiological substrate across psychiatric disorders involving the anterior cingulate cortex and deficits in cognitive control.

Promising Treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Call for Additional Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (41) ◽  
pp. 5690-5697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorrin M. Koran ◽  
Elias Aboujaoude
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Acceptance Commitment Therapy ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Virtual Reality Exposure

Many patients with OCD respond partially or not at all to standard medications and cognitive behavioral therapy approaches, making alternate treatments necessary. We review the preliminary evidence that exists in support of the use of stimulants, high-dose caffeine, opiates, memantine, ondansetron, ketamine, and transcranial magnetic stimulation in some patients with OCD. Although limited by small or modest sample sizes, open-label study designs, and brief follow-up periods, studies suggest that each of these strategies can help some patients who have inadequately responded to first-line treatments. The existing data and the unmet needs of OCD patients justify research attention to further test these treatments’ safety and efficacy. Previously untested drugs also deserve attention, especially as recent research has suggested new possible contributors to OCD pathophysiology. Similarly, psychotherapeutic interventions beyond CBT should be investigated, and treatments with preliminary evidence in OCD, including Acceptance Commitment Therapy, Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy, and technology-enabled interventions like computerized CBT and Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, should be carefully tested.

Neurosurgery for obsessive-compulsive disorder, other anxiety disorders and depressive disorders

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David MB Christmas ◽  
Ian Crombie ◽  
Sam Eljamel ◽  
Naomi Fineberg ◽  
Bob MacVicar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Sex Differences in Anxiety Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 404-432
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Piggott ◽  
Alexandra N. Duran ◽  
Isha Jalnapurkar ◽  
Tyler Kimm ◽  
Stephanie Linscheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Psychosocial Influences ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Women are more likely than men to meet lifetime criteria for an anxiety disorder. Moreover, anxiety is a risk factor for the development of other psychiatric conditions, including major depression. Numerous studies have identified evidence of sex differences in anxiety disorders, and there is considerable research concerning factors that may contribute to vulnerability for anxiety in females. In addition to psychosocial influences, biological components such as the female reproductive hormone cycle have also been implicated. Although psychotropic medication is more likely to be prescribed to women, there is little controlled data available concerning sex differences in the efficacy and/or tolerability of pharmacotherapy in anxiety disorders. This chapter provides an overview of the impact of gender in the epidemiology, phenomenology, course, and treatment response in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder (PD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

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