scholarly journals The volume of changes in the cerebral cortex in senile dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol VIII (3) ◽  
pp. 156-187
Author(s):  
A. F. Lazursky
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

The question of pathological - anatomical changes in the brain in old age and senile dementia has repeatedly served as the subject of numerous and sometimes very detailed studies.

Lantern Demonstration of Gross Lesions of the Cerebrum

1901 ◽  
Vol 47 (199) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shaw Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pyramidal Layer ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Morbid Conditions

This demonstration was a further report on the subject laid before the Association at the meeting at Claybury in February last, viz., the morbid changes occurring in the brain and other intra-cranial contents in amentia and dementia. In a paper read before the Royal Society in the spring of 1900, and subsequently published in the Philosophical Transactions, it was stated, as the result of a systematic micrometric examination of the visuo-sensory (primary visual) and visuo-psychic (lower associational) regions of the cerebral cortex, that the depth of the pyramidal layer of nerve-cells varies with the amentia or dementia existing in the patient. At the meeting of the Association referred to it was further shown, from an analysis, clinical and pathological, of 121 cases of insanity which appeared consecutively in the post-mortem room at Claybury, that the morbid conditions inside the skull-cap in insanity, viz., abnormalities in the dura mater, the pia arachnoid, the ependyma and intra-cranial fluid, etc., are the accompaniments of and vary in degree with dementia alone, and are independent of the duration of the mental disease. Since that date the pre-frontal (higher associational) region has been systematically examined in nineteen cases, viz., normal persons and normal aments (infants), and cases of amentia, of chronic and recurrent insanity without appreciable dementia, and of dementia, and the results obtained form the subject of the present demonstration. A paper on the whole subject will shortly be published in the Archives of the Claybury Laboratory.

scholarly journals Pathological and anatomical changes in the cerebral cortex in acute hallucinatory disturbances (amentia Meu-nert'a, delirium hallucinatorium Kraft-Ebing'a)

2020 ◽  
Vol VII (3) ◽  
pp. 103-137
Author(s):  
A. V. Gerver
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
The Brain

Despite the fact that in the literature we come across many works devoted to the study of the clinical features of acute hallucinatory insanity, the issue of pathological and anatomical changes in the brain in this form of mental illness seems to be completely undeveloped at the present time.

Vitamin C in Senile Psychoses

1940 ◽  
Vol 86 (363) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Berkenau
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Old People ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Constitutional Factor ◽  
The Brain

The senile psychoses are in regard to their origin an unsolved problem. Much valid work has been done in the field of anatomy and histology in approaching this problem, but as the mental diseases of old age cannot be separated from the growing old of body and mind generally, this problem is more or less a biological one. The borderline between old age and senile dementia is not a sharp one. In brains of old people without clinical symptoms of dementia there have been found histological changes, such as are usually found in cases of senile dementia. This makes it probable that the extent of degeneration of brain cells alone is not decisive for the appearance of senile psychoses. The finding of the characteristic plaques in the brain of senile psychoses may give evidence of the extent of the process and the severity of clinical symptoms, but it does not tell us anything about their nature and origin. Whether a constitutional factor is decisive or whether the histological changes are a reaction to an unknown noxa is undecided. Heredity may have its share too.

Pathological and anatomical changes in the cerebral cortex in two cases of premature dementia (Dementia praecox)

1903 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
A. L. Lyubushin
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Dementia Praecox ◽  
Pathological Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Early Dementia ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Journal of neuropathology and psychiatry named after S. S. Korsakov, book. 1 and 2 1902The study of the literature on this issue (Kahlbaum, Kiernan, Chizh, Alzheimer) leads to the conclusion that the evidence on the pathological anatomy of early dementia is extremely inadequate and unclear. The author introduces the history of illness to two patients who suffered from early dementia. Both cases ended in death; at autopsy with microscopic examination, they appeared on the face: in one case, the brain was full-blooded, slightly swollen, atrophy of the gyrus of the brain and atrophy of the cortical layer, expressed equally in all lobes of the brain. The lateral ventricles are slightly distended and contain a significant amount of fluid; in another - leptomeningitis sclerotica, Atrophia

scholarly journals Localisation of function in the lemur’s brain

1908 ◽  
Vol 80 (537) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Cortex Cerebri ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

The brain of the Lemur, the lowest of the ape-like animals, does not appear to have been subjected previously to a thorough examination. Page May and Elliott Smith brought a brief communication on the subject before the Cambridge Meeting of the British Association in 1904. Their experiments were apparently limited to stimulation of the cerebral cortex, and they have never published a full account of their work. Brodmann has worked out some of the histological details of the structure of the cortex cerebri, and Max Volsch has performed a stimulation experiment upon one Lemur. The work of these investigators will be referred to again in the course of this paper. Our own investigation has in the main dealt with the motor centres, and the experimental methods adopted have been the usual ones of stimulation and extirpation. In animals so low in the scale, stimulation is to be regarded as the more decisive of the two methods for the purpose of localisation. The extirpation experiments have, however, confirmed the results of stimulation, and in these experiments the course of the resulting degeneration was followed by histological examination of the brain and spinal cord. The results, moreover, agree remarkably closely with those obtained by a study of the histological structure of the various regions of the cortex cerebri.

scholarly journals The volume of changes in the cerebral cortex in senile dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol V (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
V. I. Zhestkov
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Reverse Development

With an increase in the number of people lived, the process of destruction in a human organism, like in any other, takes over the process of creation. But in one, the signs of reverse development begin late, manifest themselves gradually, mental life resists old age for a long time, in the other, the weakness of the body is already relatively early in the eye, and, above all, the manifestations of premature dying are found in the spiritual side of life. Sometimes they act so sharply, so far go beyond the limits of physiological changes, that a picture of a clearly expressed psychosis is obtained. Since, in many cases, the phenomena of dementia come to the fore in this picture, the disorder is called senile dementia.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

Neurotransmitter systems of female mouse brain during growth of malignant melanoma modeled on the background of chronic pain

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
О.И. Кит ◽  
И.М. Котиева ◽  
Е.М. Франциянц ◽  
И.В. Каплиева ◽  
Л.К. Трепитаки ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Female Mouse ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Malignant Growth ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Melanoma Growth

Известно, что биогенные амины (БА) участвуют в злокачественном росте, их уровень изменяется в ЦНС при болевом воздействии, однако исследований о сочетанном влиянии хронической боли (ХБ) и онкопатологии на динамику БА в головном мозге не проводилось. Цель: изучить особенности баланса БА в коре головного мозга в динамике роста меланомы, воспроизведенной на фоне ХБ. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 64 мышах-самках, весом 21-22 г. Животным основной группы меланому В16/F10 перевивали под кожу спины через 2 недели после перевязки седалищных нервов. Группой сравнения служили мыши с меланомой без боли. Уровни БА: адреналина, норадреналина, дофамина (ДА), серотонина (5-НТ), гистамина, а также 5-ОИУК определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. У мышей с ХБ уменьшается содержание большинства БА, однако уровень ДА не изменяется. Метаболизм 5-НТ происходит с участием МАО. Развитие меланомы сопровождается увеличением содержания ДА и 5-НТ, тогда как МАО - ингибируется. Направленность сдвигов БА при развитии меланомы на фоне ХБ оказалась практически такой же, как и без неё. В то же время ХБ ограничивает накопление 5-НТ в коре мозга при меланоме, что сопровождается более агрессивным её течением. Выводы. ХБ ограничивает включение стресс-лимитирующих механизмов в головном мозге при развитии меланомы у мышей, что приводит к более агрессивному течению злокачественного процесса. Biogenic amines (BA) are known to be involved in malignant growth, and their CNS levels change in pain; however, there are no studies of combined effects of chronic pain (CP) and cancer on BA dynamics in the brain. Aim: To study features of BA balance in the cerebral cortex during melanoma growth associated with CP. Material and methods. The study included 64 female mice weighing 21-22 g. In the main groups, B16/F10 melanoma was transplanted under the skin of the back two weeks following sciatic nerve ligation. Mice with melanoma without pain were used as the control. Concentrations of BA: adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), histamine and 5-HIAA were measured with ELISA. Results. Concentrations of BAs decreased in mice with CP although DA levels did not change. 5-HT metabolism involved MAO. The development of melanoma was accompanied by increases in DA and 5-HT whereas MAO was inhibited. The direction of BA changes during the development of melanoma was the same with and without CP. At the same time, CP with melanoma limited accumulation of 5-HT in the cerebral cortex, which resulted in even more aggressive course of cancer. Conclusion. CP restricted the activation of cerebral stress-limiting mechanisms during the development of melanoma in mice, which resulted in a more aggressive course of disease.

scholarly journals Long-Term Glucose Starvation Induces Inflammatory Responses and Phenotype Switch in Primary Cortical Rat Astrocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Kogel ◽  
Stefanie Trinh ◽  
Natalie Gasterich ◽  
Cordian Beyer ◽  
Jochen Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Glucose Starvation ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Phenotype Switch ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAstrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain and crucial to ensure the metabolic supply of neurons and their synapse formation. Overnutrition as present in patients suffering from obesity causes astrogliosis in the hypothalamus. Other diseases accompanied by malnutrition appear to have an impact on the brain and astrocyte function. In the eating disorder anorexia nervosa (AN), patients suffer from undernutrition and develop volume reductions of the cerebral cortex, associated with reduced astrocyte proliferation and cell count. Although an effect on astrocytes and their function has already been shown for overnutrition, their role in long-term undernutrition remains unclear. The present study used primary rat cerebral cortex astrocytes to investigate their response to chronic glucose starvation. Cells were grown with a medium containing a reduced glucose concentration (2 mM) for 15 days. Long-term glucose starvation increased the expression of a subset of pro-inflammatory genes and shifted the primary astrocyte population to the pro-inflammatory A1-like phenotype. Moreover, genes encoding for proteins involved in the unfolded protein response were elevated. Our findings demonstrate that astrocytes under chronic glucose starvation respond with an inflammatory reaction. With respect to the multiple functions of astrocytes, an association between elevated inflammatory responses due to chronic starvation and alterations found in the brain of patients suffering from undernutrition seems possible.

In vivo exploration of brain phosphorus 31 metabolism in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
G Mecheri ◽  
Y Bissuel ◽  
J Dalery ◽  
JL Terra ◽  
G Balvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Dementia Of Alzheimer Type ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain

SummaryIn vivo NMR 31p spectroscopy is a non invasive, non ionizing method of exploration of energy and phospholipid metabolism in the brain. This study consisted of comparing 31p spectra in five patients with Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type (SDAT) with those of four controls of similar ages. Abnormal phosphonionocsters (PME) concentrations, either high or low, were found in the patients, but statistical analysis did not elicit any significant difference relative to controls.

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