scholarly journals N. Solovtsov. On congenital deformities of the central nervous system. — Moscow, 1899, 118 p. 80. With 14 tables of photographs and 18 figs. in the text

2020 ◽  
Vol VIII (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
A. Geberg
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Deformities ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Anatomical Theater ◽  
Short Time

The material for the study served the author a number of cases that were introduced by him at the autopsies in the pathological anatomical theater of the Moscow educational house. 14 cases are described in more detail, which refer either to premature babies, b. h. dead-born, fetuses (about the 8th month of pregnancy), or to children born in the normal period and after birth who have lived some, b. or m. short, time (from several hours and maximum up to 2 years).

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF HEART RATE IN LATE PREMATURE NEWBORNS WITH PERINATAL AFFECTION OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
H.O. Soloviova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Group Ii

The adaptation of late premature babies to the new life conditions is difficult and requires careful monitoring of all vital parameters in the postnatal period. The general immaturity of the newborns in combination with the metabolic and hypoxic disorders "leaves only a narrow corridor" to develop babies their compensatory possibilities. There is an urgent need to investigate posthypoxic myocardial ischemia in newborns due to the fact that in the neonatal period, early diagnosis and correct treatment can prevent long-term adverse consequences of existing disorders. The aim of this study was to develop an approach for early detection of cardiac rhythm disturbances and conduction disorders in late premature infants, who underwent perinatal hypoxia. A single-center study included 93 late premature babies who were born at the Perinatal Center, Poltava, in 2019 – 2020. Group I consisted of newborns (n ​​= 47) with hypoxic-ischemic damage of the central nervous system; group II included premature babies (n = 46) with hypoxic-hemorrhagic damage of the central nervous system. Long-term monitoring of the electrocardiogram was performed with further conversion of the altered QRST-QRST complexes into 2D format with a multi-coloured representation of all components of the ventricular electrical systole. Among heterotopic cardiac arrhythmias, supraventricular extrasystoles were most often recorded in 89.4 ± 4.8% of the children of group I and in 67.4 ± 6.1% of newborns in group II with daytime distribution in both groups. Ventricular extrasystoles were found as significantly more frequent in newborns of group I (21.3 ± 6.3%) compared with children in group II (10.9 ± 6.1%), with a significant increase in the area of ​​ectopic ventricular complexes (1492.2) that indicates a prolonged depolarization process. The study of the bioelectrical activity of the heart based on the findings obtained by monitoring the electrocardiogram with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the convertible QRST-QRST complexes increases the efficiency of visual diagnosis of electrical instability of the myocardium in late premature infants with perinatal damage of the central nervous system.

Examination of the central nervous system

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Tamuka Zengeya ◽  
Tiroumourougane V Serane
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Examination Technique ◽  
System P ◽  
Anatomical Localization ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Short Time

Due to the complexity of the diseases and the number of tests involved, examination of the central nervous system (CNS) is relatively difficult in the exam setting. Candidates should realize that an attempt to carry out every aspect of the physical examination of the CNS will take too long and is obviously impractical. Appropriate signs need to be elicited quickly to identify the existence of a lesion, its anatomical localization, and likely pathology. Hence, the examination of this system requires plenty of practise and a polished technique. In the exam, you may be asked to examine, for example, just the motor system, or the upper or the lower limb, rather than an examination of the whole central nervous system. Prepare yourself for a screening examination, which will uncover most signs in a relatively short time. Remember, a detailed assessment of complex disorders is never a part of the MRCPCH Clinical Exam. In this chapter, some areas have been explored extensively, keeping in mind the possibility of a ‘small area’ being examined. As the focus is mainly on examination technique and not theoretical aspects, basic neuroanatomy which has not been dealt with here should be read about elsewhere. Key competence skills required in the neurological examination are given in table 8.1. Neurological assessment begins with the first contact with the child, that is the moment you enter the room. It is necessary to have a predetermined, systematic order of examination so that important signs are not overlooked. However, you should be ready to adapt the examination technique, depending on the child’s age and the level of cooperation (e.g. compliant teenager, difficult toddler). Candidates should realize that a great deal can be learned by inspection before touching the child. Integration of observations with specific findings gathered during the neurological examination will fetch much credit. Candidates are often not expected to reach a diagnosis in a short case. They are expected to define the deficit, decide on the anatomical level, if possible, and then consider the likely causes. Abnormalities commonly seen in the exam include cerebral palsy, hemiplegia, quadriplegia, diplegia, primary myopathy, and hereditary motor sensory neuropathies. It is productive to have a pattern recognition approach to neurological disorders.

A Breathing-Retraining Procedure in Treatment of Sleep-Onset Insomnia: Theoretical Basis and Experimental Findings

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Chóliz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Breathing Retraining ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Short Time

Increase in CO2 has a sedative effect upon the central nervous system, and the beginning of sleep coincides with modifications in breathing, decrease in ventilation, and in pCO2 increase. In this paper is described a technique of breathing that is useful in producing drowsiness in a very short time. 46 insomniacs were randomly allocated to either a treatment or control condition. In the former, patients were trained in the breathing process. The control group was taught no breathing process. Latencies to sleep for the insomniacs confirmed that the breathing process was useful in producing drowsiness. Theoretical bases are discussed.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

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