scholarly journals To the question of diseases of the conusmedullaris and the sacral part of the spinal cord

2020 ◽  
Vol V (4) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
I. S. Bregman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Reproductive Apparatus

The suffering of the lower spinal cord and caudae equinae have recently attracted the attention of researchers, and observations related to this issue are now carefully collected and described everywhere. Thanks to this, the range of our information has significantly expanded both 1) in relation to the determination of the level of damage, and 2) in relation to the differential diagnosis between the suffering of the spinal cord itself and damage to the corresponding roots. First of all, with regard to the first point, Raymond proposed for clinical purposes a more precise border of the cerebral cone, to which, in addition to the established anatomical boundaries, he also included the part of the medullae sacralis, which lies below the exit of the III sacral root. Damage to this part of the spinal cord is caused by a completely definite complex of symptoms, which is composed of: paralysis of the bladder and rectum, disorders in the male reproductive apparatus and limited anesthesia not only of the mucous membranes of the mentioned organs, but also of the perineum, the circumference of the ani and the lower sciatic region thigh surface.

Acute Traumatic Cervical Facet Fractures

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Shankar Gopinat
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Early Surgery ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Spinal Stability ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Spine Ct ◽  
Cervical Facet

Acute cervical facet fractures are increasingly being detected due to the use of cervical spine CT imaging in the initial assessment of trauma patients. For displaced cervical facet fractures with dislocations and subluxations, early surgery can decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the spine. For patients with non-displaced cervical facet fractures, the challenge in managing these patients is the determination of spinal stability. Although many of the patients with non-displaced cervical facet fractures can be managed with a cervical collar, the imaging needs to be analyzed carefully since certain fracture patterns may be better managed with early surgical stabilization.

Determination of the speed-time relationship during handcycling in spinal cord injured athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Diego Antunes ◽  
Eduardo Marcel Fernandes Nascimento ◽  
Gary Brickley ◽  
Gabriela Fischer ◽  
Ricardo Dantas de Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Time Relationship ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured ◽  
Injured Athletes

The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the excitability of the motor neuron pools of the muscles of the lower extremities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Ananiev ◽  
D.A. Pavlov ◽  
R.N. Yakupov ◽  
V.A. Golodnova ◽  
M.V. Balykin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The study was conducted on 22 healthy men aged 18-23 years. The primary motor cortex innervating the lower limb was stimulated with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Using transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, evoked motor responses of the muscles of the lower extremities were initiated when electrodes were applied cutaneous between the spinous processes in the Th11-Th12 projection. Research protocol: Determination of the thresholds of BMO of the muscles of the lower extremities during TESCS; determination of the BMO threshold of the TA muscle in TMS; determination of the thresholds of the BMO of the muscles of the lower extremities during TESCS against the background of 80% and 90% TMS. It was found that magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex of the brain leads to an increase in the excitability of the neural structures of the lumbar thickening of the spinal cord and an improvement in neuromuscular interactions. Key words: transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, neural networks, excitability, neuromuscular interactions.

IMPORTANCE OF ANTIBODIES TO 21-HYDROXYLASE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF AUTOIMMUNE CHRONIC PRIMARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
L.S. Sozaeva ◽  
◽  
N.V. Makazan ◽  
L.V. Nikankina ◽  
N.M. Malysheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay

21-hydroxylase (21-OH) is the main antigen of the adrenal cortex, so the determination of antibodies (Ab) to 21-OH can help in the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic primary adrenal insufficiency (CPAI). Purpose of the study: evaluation of the relevance of Ab to 21-OH for the diagnosis and prediction of autoimmune CPAI. Materials and methods of research: the study consisted of three blocks: 1) assessment of the specificity and sensitivity, as well as the prognostic potential of Ab to 21-OH in patients with polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (APS) – individuals with APS type 1 with and without CPAI (n=106); 2) assessment of the dynamics of the level of Ab to 21-OH – patients with autoimmune CPAI were included (n=41); 3) assessment of the significance of Ab data for the differential diagnosis of various forms of CPAI, including patients with CPAI and APS type 1 exclusion (n=30). The study of Ab to 21-hydroxylase was performed using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (BioVendor kits, Czech Republic). Results: statistically significant differences were obtained in the frequency of detection of Ab to 21-OH in patients with or without PCNI (p<0,001). The sensitivity of the method was 96%, specificity was 75%, a positive predictive value was 90%, and the negative predictive value was 89%. In 83% of patients, the level of Ab decreased with time (median size decreases – 20,4%/year). An inverse relationship was also found between the level of Ab and the duration of the course of CPAI (R=–0,460, p<0,001). In a group of 30 patients with CPAI and with exclusion of APS type 1, 21 were found to have Ab to 21-OH, only one of them had a monogenic non-autoimmune cause of CPAI (a mutation in the MC2R gene). Monogenic forms of CPAI were found in another 7 patients (mutations were found in the DAX1 and ABCD1 genes), among them an increase in Ab to 21-OH was not detected. Conclusion: determination of Ab to 21-OH is a specific and sensitive method for the diagnosis of autoimmune CPAI. An increase in Ab to 21-OH is a risk marker of autoimmune CPAI development.

scholarly journals Measurement of Urinary d- and l-2-Hydroxyglutarate Enantiomers by Stable-Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry after Derivatization with Diacetyl-l-Tartaric Anhydride

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard A Struys ◽  
Erwin E W Jansen ◽  
Nanda M Verhoeven ◽  
Cornelis Jakobs
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Abstract Background: The differential diagnosis of d-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (d-2-HGA), l-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (l-2-HGA), and the combined d/l-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (d/l-2-HGA) can be accomplished only by the measurement of the corresponding 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Available methods for the determination of d- and l-2-HG in urine are either time-consuming and expensive or have not been extensively validated. We aimed to develop a method for their rapid and sensitive measurement. Methods: We used liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of d- and l-2-HG with stable-isotope-labeled internal standards. Urine samples of 20 μL were mixed with 250 μL of methanol containing the internal standards and subsequently dried under nitrogen. The analytes were derivatized by use of diacetyl-l-tartaric anhydride (DATAN) to obtain diastereomers, which were separated on an achiral C18 HPLC column and detected by MS/MS in multiple-reaction-monitoring mode. Results: The use of DATAN as chiral derivatization reagent provided very well separated peaks of the formed diastereomers of d- and l-2-HG, with a total runtime of 5 min. The inter- and intraassay CVs for d- and l-2-HG ranged from 3.4% to 6.2%. Mean recoveries of d- and l-2-HG, evaluated on two concentrations, were 94%. Detection limit of the presented method was 20 pmol for a sample volume of 20 μL. Method comparison of the LC-MS/MS method with a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method, in which d- and l-2-HG were derivatized with R-(−)-butanol, showed good agreement between the two methods. Conclusions: Urinary d- and l-2-HG can be analyzed by MS/MS after derivatization with DATAN. The presented method may be suitable for the differential diagnosis of 2-HGA.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotypes and resistance to antibiotics from wound swabs

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Stankovic-Nedeljkovic ◽  
Branislav Tiodorovic ◽  
Branislava Kocic ◽  
Vojislav Ciric ◽  
Marko Milojkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Common Serotypes ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Introduction/Aim. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the most common cause of wound infections, following the disruption of the skin or mucous membranes integrity. The aim of this study was to analyze of the presence P. aeruginosa in wound swabs, antibiotics susceptibility testing, determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics, testing of the metallo-?-lactamases (MBLs) production, isolates serotyping and analysis of the most common serotypes resistance. Methods. A total of 90 outpatients and 55 intpatients wound swabs were cultivated. Wound swabs were taken from the patients with wound infections symptoms. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed to: meropenem, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and colistin (HiMedia). Polyvalent and monovalent antisera for agglutination (Biorad) were used in P. aeruginosa agglutination. Results. P. aeruginosa was isolated from 36.55% wound swabs (36.66% of the inpatients wounds and 36.36% of the outpatients). The analyzed isolates showed the highest degree of sensitivity to colistin (100%) and meropenem (93.44%) and the lowest to cefepime (19.54%). The majority of the inpatients isolates had 12 ?g/mL (28.57%) MIC for piperacillin-tazobactam and 16 ?g/mL (28.57%) for the outpatients. The most common MICs for ciprofloxacin were 0.19 ?g/mL (31.81%) for the nosocomial isolates, and 0.25 ?g/mL (28.57%) for the outpatients? ones. The most common MICs for amikacin of the nosocomial isolates were 6 ?g/ml (40.9%), and for the outpatients ones 4 ?g/mL (33.33%). Five (9.43%) isolates produced MBLs. The most common serotypes were P11 (22.64%), P6 (15.09%) and P1 (11.32%). Conclusion. Neither the increased presence of P. aeruginosa was noticed in wounds swabs, nor the antibiotic resistance in the nosocomial isolates compared to those from outpatients. The analyzed isolates had the higest sensitivity to colistin and meropenem, and the lowest to cefepime.

scholarly journals Significance of Serial Determination of Tumor Marker with Reference to the Differential Diagnosis between Pancreatic Cancer and Tumor Forming Pancreatitis.

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227
Author(s):  
Yoshito Yamashita ◽  
Young-Suk Chung ◽  
Hideaki Yokomatsu ◽  
Bunzo Nakata ◽  
Tetsuzi Sawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Serial Determination
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