scholarly journals The current state of science on aphasia

2020 ◽  
Vol V (3) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
G. Idelson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Opposite Hemisphere ◽  
Remarkable Case ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sensory Disorders ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right

We very often come across agraphy as a complication in any form of rupture disorder. This even in some forms of verbal speech is a direct consequence of it. For most people, even for many who have been, the right hand has the ability to write; it, therefore, is located under the influence of the center, which innervates the movements of the right hand. The paralysis of the right hand, in the face of a lesion in the center of the upper limb (the middle third of both central gyri), will, of course, destroy the careful movement necessary for writing. Sometimes, on the other hand, agraphia without the slightest damage to the motor function of the hand is subject to even greater doubt. Even Pitres's remarkable case showed mild motor and sensory disorders. Such disorders, perhaps, are easier to detect on the hands, than similar disorders with local aphasia on the lips, tongue, etc., since there can be corrected in the result of external infiltration from the opposite hemisphere, which is impossible here. But in any case, there is a connection on one side of the r between the normal state of the hand and the ability to write on the other side between agraphia and paralysis of the right hand.

Studies on various ageing phenomena in Japanese twins and siblings

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Nishimura ◽  
Satoshi Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
Parietal Region ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Face ◽  
Arcus Senilis ◽  
Arch Of The Aorta ◽  
The Right

SUMMARY1. We collected 27 pairs of twins (MZ 21, DZ 6) ranging from 41 to 80 years, and 16 pairs of homosexual siblings (SL) ranging from 62 to 90 years, all of whom were Japanese in the western district of Honshū-Island. First, we measured the bodily constitution, certain body parts and certain bones, and investigated their life- histories. Next, we investigated various senescent phenomena. That is: — the approximate number of gray hairs on the head, the appearance and the size of alopecia senilis in the parietal region, the approximate number of wrinkles in the frontal region, the comparative number of sulci cutis on the nape of neck, the back of the right hand, and the anterior chest, the development of senile pigment spots on the face, the back of the right hand, the extensor surface of the right forearm, and the upper half of the back, the appearance of the senile wart, the development of pinguecula, the development of arcus senilis, the development of marginal protuberances on the lumbar vertebral bodies, and the upper end of the tibia, the existence of fabella in the right knee, and the calcification in the wall of the arch of the aorta.With regard to these items we calculated the middle percentage deviation, the coefficient of correlation, or the rate of concordance, and on the photographs or X-ray photographs the resemblance between both partners was examined.2. We have concluded that the following items are mainly subject to the control of heredity. That is, the approximate number of gray hairs on the head, the existence, the localization and the shape of alopecia senilis on the parietal region in ♂, the localization and the shape of wrinkles on the frontal region, the localization and the development of senile pigment spots on the face, the development of pinguecula and of arcus senilis of the eye, the development and the shape of marginal protuberances on the lumbar vertebral body, and the development of marginal protuberances on condylus lateralis et medialis of the tibia. On the other hand, the following items were found to be fairly subject to influence of the environmental factors. That is, the appearance of alopecia senilis on the parietal region in ♀, the number of wrinkles on the frontal region, the comparative number of sulci cutis on the nape of neck, the back of the right hand, and the anterior chest, the number of senile pigment spots on the back of the right hand, the extensor surface of the right forearm, and the upper half of the back, the appearance of senile wart on the body, and the calcification in the arch of the aorta.3. Concerning those senescent phenomena, which are strikingly subject to the control of heredity, a certain degree of difference between both partners of MZ was sometimes recognized. When the differences in the progression of various senescent phenomena between both partners of MZ were observed, it was often recognized that some senescent phenomena make more progress in one partner, while on the other hand the other ones do in another partner.4. In order to decide certain environmental factors, which have influence upon the difference between both partners of MZ, we referred to the existence of heavy labor for long duration, the number of deliveries, the grade of the sunburn, the habit of alcoholic drinking, smoking, and history of various diseases. However, we could not decide that some of these factors had certain definite relationship with the progression of certain senescent phenomena. However, we might probably presume that the old-styled Japanese hair dressing worn for many years had a certain relationship with the appearance of the baldness in ♀.

scholarly journals Handedness results from complementary hemispheric dominance, not global hemispheric dominance: evidence from mechanically coupled bilateral movements

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 729-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Woytowicz ◽  
Kelly P. Westlake ◽  
Jill Whitall ◽  
Robert L. Sainburg
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Task Component ◽  
The Right

Two contrasting views of handedness can be described as 1) complementary dominance, in which each hemisphere is specialized for different aspects of motor control, and 2) global dominance, in which the hemisphere contralateral to the dominant arm is specialized for all aspects of motor control. The present study sought to determine which motor lateralization hypothesis best predicts motor performance during common bilateral task of stabilizing an object (e.g., bread) with one hand while applying forces to the object (e.g., slicing) using the other hand. We designed an experimental equivalent of this task, performed in a virtual environment with the unseen arms supported by frictionless air-sleds. The hands were connected by a spring, and the task was to maintain the position of one hand while moving the other hand to a target. Thus the reaching hand was required to take account of the spring load to make smooth and accurate trajectories, while the stabilizer hand was required to impede the spring load to keep a constant position. Right-handed subjects performed two task sessions (right-hand reach and left-hand stabilize; left-hand reach and right-hand stabilize) with the order of the sessions counterbalanced between groups. Our results indicate a hand by task-component interaction such that the right hand showed straighter reaching performance whereas the left hand showed more stable holding performance. These findings provide support for the complementary dominance hypothesis and suggest that the specializations of each cerebral hemisphere for impedance and dynamic control mechanisms are expressed during bilateral interactive tasks. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide evidence for interlimb differences in bilateral coordination of reaching and stabilizing functions, demonstrating an advantage for the dominant and nondominant arms for distinct features of control. These results provide the first evidence for complementary specializations of each limb-hemisphere system for different aspects of control within the context of a complementary bilateral task.

Rediscovering Leon Theremin

Tempo ◽  
1991 ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Montague
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electronic Instrument ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Vertical Antenna ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Concert Halls ◽  
The Right

In the early 1920s and 30s a strange electronic instrument found its way from Russia into some of the more fashionable ballrooms, night clubs, and concert halls in Europe and America. This exotic new invention, called the ‘theremin’ or ‘thereminvox’, caused a considerable stir. Part of the interest was its unusual sound (like a musical saw mated with a light soprano), but its most dramatic feature was that the performer never actually touched the instrument. He or she simply waved graceful hands near the two antennae (one set vertically, the other looped horizontally) to coax out seamless, melifluous melodies. The proximity of the right hand to the vertical antenna changed the ultrasonic electromagnetic field, thus changing the pitch over about a six-octave range. The left hand (or sometimes a foot pedal) controlled the volume. By gently shaking the right hand at the antenna a vibrato could be achieved, giving performances a little more musical (not to mention choreographic) interest. Fashionable women dressed in long gowns seemed to be favourite photographic subjects of the period as performers, as well as the inventor himself, poised ‘playing the rods’ in full dress tails, arms outstretched like a great conductor–or perhaps sorcerer.

Turns on the Move

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
K. B. E. E. Eimeleus
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Sudden Stop ◽  
Flat Terrain ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

This chapter looks at turns on the move with the right or left shoulder aligned with the corresponding ski. It distinguishes three important techniques that have gained currency in the world of sport. One of them pertains only to running skis while the other two require mountain skis with stable bindings. The first is the method for turning in place, used while descending from a mountain or over flat terrain on running skis, or on any skis that lack a stable binding and have a posterior center of balance. The next is the Christiania turn, which is carried out on the inner ski, that is, on the right ski when the turn is done to the right-hand side. Finally, the Telemark turn allows a skier to make a sudden stop as they are descending.

Orthodoxy and Cultural Identity through Music in the English Interregnum

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-138
Author(s):  
Joseph Arthur Mann
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Court Culture ◽  
Charles I ◽  
Current State ◽  
Worship Services ◽  
Antebellum Period ◽  
The Face ◽  
Musical Propaganda

After the Parliamentarian faction defeated, captured, and executed Charles I in the last years of the 1640s, their quest for political power shifted to establishing and maintaining a new cultural orthodoxy based in Calvinist morality and to solidifying their new-found political power. At the same time, the recently defeated and oppressed Royalist faction sought to maintain their own culture in the face of this new Calvinist orthodoxy. Chapter two examines and exposes how both of these groups made use of musical propaganda to support these conflicting agendas. Parliamentarians hired propagandists or otherwise sanctioned and promoted publications that endorsed psalm-singing (an integral part of the new orthodoxy) and defended it from the even more radical religious beliefs of the Quakers, who were even against psalm-singing in worship services. Royalists, on the other hand, kept the court culture of wine, pastoral imagery, and (now covert) support for the monarchy alive while also reliving their glorious antebellum period through the publication of old antebellum songs and masque libretti and the publication of new songs that comment on the current state of their community, urging perseverance and unity in the face of oppression.

On the Early Symptoms of General Paralysis [Ueber die Frühsymptome der progressiven Paralysie]. (Allgem. Zeitschr. für Psychiat., B. lviii, H. 5.) Moravesik

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (202) ◽  
pp. 574-574
Author(s):  
William W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Date ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intellectual Power ◽  
Better Than

Amongst the early symptoms of general paralysis are mentioned disorders of digestion, wandering neuralgic pains, a diminution in mental activity, a feeling of tightness or beating within the orbits, flashes before the eye, sounds in the ear, with pulsation in the arteries of the neck and temples. The reproduction of ideas becomes sluggish. He cannot hit upon the right word, and has to use less appropriate expressions. His memory begins to fail him. Sometimes, on the other hand, the intensity of intellectual power seems increased, even while the patient is suffering from the troubles of digestion, loss of flesh, sleeplessness, inequality of the pupils, and heightened patellar reflex, and he is able to work as well or even better than usual. At an early date the patient becomes more emotional, and shows a sentimental distress at anything pathetic or unpleasant. He has paleness of the face and a blue ring around the eyes. There is often a rise of temperature during the night and an increased secretion of saliva.

The Castle Ashby Apollodoros

1933 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
J. D. Beazley
Keyword(s):  
Right Hand ◽  
The Face ◽  
Full Relief ◽  
The Right

The name of the vase-painter Apollodoros was discovered by Hartwig, who combined the incomplete inscriptions on two works so close in style that they must be by a single hand: the cup-fragment in the collection of the Marquess of Northampton at Castle Ashby (Pl. VI, 1) gives … odorosegraphsen, the fragmentary cup in the Louvre Apollod… The Castle Ashby fragment has been taken to represent actual fighting; but comparison with a fragment in the Villa Giulia suggests another interpretation. The Villa Giulia fragment shows, inside (Pl. VI, 3), the lower right quarter of a warrior moving to right, the shield on the left arm, the spear carried in the right hand. The device on the shield was the face of a satyr in full relief: what remains is the long beard. The shield-rim is inscribed [καλ]ϵναι. An apron hangs from the rim—a piece of felt or leather folded in two and fastened at the fold to the shield. On the outside of the cup (Pl VI, 2) we find the lower parts of two warriors moving quickly yet cautiously to the right: chiton, greaves, shield, spear carried low. To the right of the leader came the handle. On the other's shield-rim […να]1. Now I take the Castle Ashby fragment to have come from just such a scene. What we see there is head and shoulders of a young warrior moving to right, bending; helmet, chiton, wrap, spear carried, shield charged with a satyr's face in high relief; on the right, crest-tip and spear-butt of a second warrior moving in the same direction.

Failure to Sing the Left-Hand Part of the Score during Piano Performance: Loss of the Pitch and Stroop Vocalizations

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Guiard
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Hand Part ◽  
Continuous Regime ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

An experiment compared the ability of classical pianists to sing, during keyboard performance, the right- and the left-hand part of the score being played. Upon instructions requiring them to "sing" one or the other voice of the score, the subjects spontaneously chose to sing and name the notes simultaneously, in keeping with the French traditional way of reading music, thus producing a two- dimensional tonal and verbal vocal act in response to each visual stimulus. Singing the right-hand part of the music, whether in unison with or in place of the right hand, while concurrently playing the left-hand part was judged easy by all subjects, and performance, typically, was correct in all respects. The other task, consisting of singing the left-hand part of the music, was judged more difficult by all subjects, and performance, more often than not, was poor. Careful inspection of the many errors that were recorded in the latter task revealed a few clear-cut regularities. Failures were vocal, but not manual. More specifically, vocal failures took place on the tonal dimension of the vocal response, but not on its verbal dimension: The song, but not the naming of the notes, was prone to fail, with either a loss of the pitch, or a systematic trend toward singing unduly—albeit accurately—the notes of the right-hand part. A number of subjects were found to display this intriguing tonal/verbal dissociation—naming a note at a pitch corresponding to another note—in a continuous regime. It is emphasized that this phenomenon amounts to the spontaneous production of musical events that belong to the Stroop category.

scholarly journals Synchronization Error of Drum Kit Playing with a Metronome at Different Tempi by Professional Drummers

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Fujii ◽  
Masaya Hirashima ◽  
Kazutoshi Kudo ◽  
Tatsuyuki Ohtsuki ◽  
Yoshihiko Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Synchronization Error ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Snare Drum ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Right

the present study examined the synchronization error (SE) of drum kit playing by professional drummers with an auditory metronome, focusing on the effects of motor effectors and tempi. Fifteen professional drummers attempted to synchronize a basic drumming pattern with a metronome as precisely as possible at tempi of 60, 120, and 200 beats per minute (bpm). In the 60 and 120 bpm conditions, the right hand (high-hat cymbals) showed small mean SE (∼2 ms), whereas the left hand (snare drum) and right foot (bass drum) preceded the metronome by about 10 ms. In the 200 bpm condition, the right hand was delayed by about 10 ms relative to the metronome, whereas the left hand and right foot showed small SE (∼1 ms). The absolute values of SE were smaller than those reported in previous tapping studies. In addition, the time series of SE were significantly correlated across the motor effectors, suggesting that each limb synchronized in relation to the other limbs rather than independently with the metronome.

Greek Vases in the Otago Museum

1936 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-236
Author(s):  
A. D. Trendall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Greek Vases ◽  
The Right

Of the recent acquisitions to the Classical Collection of the Otago Museum (Dunedin, New Zealand) the most noteworthy is a particularly fine Attic white ground lekythos of about the middle of the fifth century (Plate XIV). It stands 38 cm. high and is in an excellent state of preservation, having been most carefully repaired with a minimum of repainting, which has affected only the breast of the woman, the right hand of the warrior, and some details of the small figure on top of the stele.The design represents a stele scene of the sort so popular with lekythos artists of this period. To the left stands a woman wearing a sleeved chiton, so thin that it clearly allows her bowed legs to be seen through it; with her left hand she points downward to the base of the stele, which is adorned with a fillet and a wreath. On the other side stands a hoplite with his shield and spear;

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