Philosophy of psychiatry: quarter of a century in discussions

2020 ◽  
Vol LII (2) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Olga A. Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Philosophy Of Psychiatry ◽  
Psychiatric Classification ◽  
Human Research ◽  
Philosophical Basis ◽  
Young Branch ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Multiple Field

The papers presents the discussion field of a young branch of the philosophy of science the philosophy of psychiatry. As an interdisciplinary platform in the dialogue of sciences, schools and individual professionals, it unites psychiatrists and philosophers, psychologists and social workers in discussing on crucial issues. The paper analyses a multiple field of discussion of the philosophy of psychiatry, separating two stages of its brief development: the stage of institutionalization and fixing of problems (1995‒2005) and the stage of expansion (2005 present). Modern discussions are studied on the most important thematic blocks: (1)the methodology of human research; (2)the philosophical basis of psychiatric classification; (3)psychiatric ethics. The work presents the first complete and specialized review of discussions of the philosophy of psychiatry in Russian.

scholarly journals The Importance of History for Philosophy of Psychiatry: The Case of the DSM and Psychiatric Classification

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Y. Tsou
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Psychiatry ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Psychiatric Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Benefits

Abstract Recently, some philosophers of psychiatry (viz., Rachel Cooper and Dominic Murphy) have analyzed the issue of psychiatric classification. This paper expands upon these analyses and seeks to demonstrate that a consideration of the history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) can provide a rich and informative philosophical perspective for critically examining the issue of psychiatric classification. This case is intended to demonstrate the importance of history for philosophy of psychiatry, and more generally, the potential benefits of historically-informed approaches to philosophy of science.

Natural Kinds

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Philosophy Of Psychiatry ◽  
Psychiatric Classification ◽  
Is Value

Paradigmatically, natural kinds are the kinds of thing or stuff that are classified by the natural sciences. The periodic table provides perhaps the best example of the potential importance of natural kinds for science. In the philosophy of psychiatry, debates over whether mental disorders can be natural kinds emerge because kinds of mental disorder are manifestly different from chemical kinds in various ways. While chemical kinds are precise, psychiatric kinds are fuzzy. While chemical kinds are objective, the identification of psychiatric kinds is value-laden. Psychiatric classification involves classifying people, and unlike chemical elements, those people can respond to being classified in various ways. This chapter goes through these differences, one-by-one, and argues that despite them, mental disorders may be natural kinds.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-222
Author(s):  
Chris Letheby
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Philosophy Of Psychiatry ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
The Third ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
Main Ideas

The ‘Conclusion’ summarises the main ideas of Philosophy of Psychedelics and makes some suggestions for future research. The first part of the chapter provides a chapter-by-chapter summary of the arguments of the book, and lists the various testable predictions that follow from these arguments. The second part suggests some other directions for future research, pointing to outstanding questions about psychedelics in various fields of inquiry, including philosophy of science, philosophy of psychiatry, ethics, epistemology, and the philosophy of transformative experience. The third part reflects on the significance of the book’s two central theses: that the Comforting Delusion Objection to psychedelic therapy fails, and that an ‘Entheogenic Conception’ of psychedelics as agents of epistemic benefit and spiritual experience is both consistent with naturalism and plausible in light of our best current evidence.

scholarly journals Information literacy standards for information skills in social work curricula

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eneida María Quindemil Torrijo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Marzal García-Quismondo ◽  
Juan Carlos Morales Intriago ◽  
Felipe Rumbaut León ◽  
Exio Isaac Chaparro Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Literacy Standards ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
General Skills ◽  
Information Skills ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Point Of Departure

This study proposes information literacy standards to be met by social work curricula. The documentary review used as a point of departure included papers on the introduction of literacy in the curriculum to develop information skills; internationally defined information literacy standards; and the specific and general skills required for social work. The outcome of that review, a proposal for information literacy standards in social work curricula, was assessed by social workers and information scientists. As a result of these two stages of the study, five information literacy standards were defined: one, knowing what type of information is needed; two, accessing the information needed effectively, efficiently and ethically; three, assessing the information and sources, ethically and responsibly building new knowledge with the information selected; four, using and disseminating information effectively and ethically to a specific purpose; and five, keeping abreast of and networking with the information. Implementing those standards helps develop information skills while working toward a degree in social work. Coupled with other specific and general professional aptitudes, such skills help graduates address the issues with which they are confronted in social research and intervention.

Altered Fine Structure of B Lymphocytes Correlated with Defective Terminal Differentiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
Dale E. Bockman ◽  
L. Y. Frank Wu ◽  
Alexander R. Lawton ◽  
Max D. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Cell Line Generation

B-lymphocytes normally synthesize small amounts of immunoglobulin, some of which is incorporated into the cell membrane where it serves as receptor of antigen. These cells, on contact with specific antigen, proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells which synthesize and secrete large quantities of immunoglobulin. The two stages of differentiation of this cell line (generation of B-lymphocytes and antigen-driven maturation to plasma cells) are clearly separable during ontogeny and in some immune deficiency diseases. The present report describes morphologic aberrations of B-lymphocytes in two diseases in which second stage differentiation is defective.

Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

Spotlight on the Clinician in the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia: Balancing Relationship-Centered Care and Professionalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-424
Author(s):  
Rochelle Cohen-Schneider ◽  
Melodie T. Chan ◽  
Denise M. McCall ◽  
Allison M. Tedesco ◽  
Ann P. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Therapeutic Encounter

Background Speech-language pathologists make clinical decisions informed by evidence-based theory and “beliefs, values and emotional experiences” ( Hinckley, 2005 , p. 265). These subjective processes, while not extensively studied, underlie the workings of the therapeutic relationship and contribute to treatment outcomes. While speech-language pathologists do not routinely pay attention to subjective experiences of the therapeutic encounter, social workers do. Thus, the field of social work makes an invaluable contribution to the knowledge and skills of speech-language pathologists. Purpose This clinical focus article focuses on the clinician's contribution to the therapeutic relationship by surfacing elements of the underlying subjective processes. Method Vignettes were gathered from clinicians in two community aphasia programs informed by the principles of the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia. Results and Discussion By reflecting on and sharing aspects of clinical encounters, clinicians reveal subjective processing occurring beneath the surface. The vignettes shed light on the following clinical behaviors: listening to the client's “whole self,” having considerations around self-disclosure, dealing with biases, recognizing and surfacing clients' identities, and fostering hope. Speech-language pathologists are given little instruction on the importance of the therapeutic relationship, how to conceptualize this relationship, and how to balance this relationship with professionalism. Interprofessional collaboration with social workers provides a rich opportunity to learn ways to form and utilize the benefits of a strong therapeutic relationship while maintaining high standards of ethical behavior. Conclusion This clinical focus article provides speech-language pathologists with the “nuts and bolts” for considering elements of the therapeutic relationship. This is an area that is gaining traction in the field of speech-language pathology and warrants further investigation.

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