Psychiatry: a philosophy of cognitivism and/or clinical medicine (methodological discourse 1)

2020 ◽  
Vol LII (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Gennady N. Nosachev ◽  
Igor G. Nosachev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scholastic Philosophy ◽  
Methodology Of Science ◽  
Organic Dementia

Based on the philosophy and methodology of science are discussed two provisions of article by Y.P.Sivolap and A.A.Portnova Psychiatry: scholastic philosophy and clinical medicine? the subject of psychiatry and expansion of neurologists in clinical psychiatry organic dementia. Differences between neurologists and psychiatrists in the concept of dementia are analyzed. Discussed proposed by E.V.Makushkin and L.E.Pischikovа The Concept of understanding late age for clinical gerontopsychiatry and all of the clinical neurosciences.

scholarly journals THE PSYCHIATRY: A SCHOLASTIC PHILOSOPHY OR A CLINICAL MEDICINE?

2019 ◽  
Vol LI (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Yuri P Sivolap ◽  
Anna A Portnova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Scholastic Philosophy

The analysis of the current state of the Russian system of psychiatric care has been carried out; its main shortcomings have been highlighted: the arbitrariness of diagnosing mental disorders, unduly widespread use of antipsychotics, the poor condition of clinical guidelines, the low quality of professional education. Ways of reforming clinical psychiatry are proposed.

scholarly journals Reduction of term in scientific theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Pavlovich Surovyagin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Multiple Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reduction Relation ◽  
Methodology Of Science ◽  
Inverse Operation

The subject of this research is the concept of reduction in logics and methodology of science. On the one hand, reduction is understood as a relation between the term and its defining expression within the scientific theory; while on the other – it represents the relation between two theories. Since the extension of theory is possible through introduction to its vocabulary of new terms by means of nominal definitions, the reduction represents an inverse operation – removing the terms from the vocabulary of the theory. At the same time, the theory itself is defined in accordance with the theoretical-multiple approach as a class of sentences closed in relation to derivability. The scientific novelty consists in examination of semantic and epistemological aspects of the formal definition of reduction. Particularly, the explication of reduction relation between two theories leans in the concept of functional equivalence of the theories. It is established that the list of basic terms of the theory can be set only conventionally. All terms introduces by the means of nominal definitions turn out to be reducible. Therefore, a distinctive feature of theoretical terms is the possibility of its reduction.

scholarly journals Medycyna w ujęciu Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Ryszard W. Gryglewski
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Pathological Model ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Derived Data

Medicine in terms of Jędrzej Śniadecki Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838) remains one of most eminent scholars of his times. Remembered as a founder of modern chemistry in Poland, one of early pioneers in anthropology and social sciences, and author of the two volume book Theory of organic being (Teoria jestestw organicznych), in which the modern metabolic concept of life processes can be considered as grounded; he was also a highly educated and gifted physician. This paper aims to show the importance of medicine in Śniadecki’s theory of life, in its physiological and pathological manifestations in regard to the clinical model and the medical practice which he followed. It deals with the concept of illness as described in Śniadecki’s writings, focusing on the role of irritation and organic reaction as the major components of his proposed pathological model. The dynamic and variable conditions of diseases are explained by means of metabolic changes, which was a truly pioneering concept, already described in Śniadecki’s earlier theoretical works on the subject of life and nature. The paper discusses the problem of influence in terms of the leading medical doctrines at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, namely those of John Brown (1735–1788) and François Broussais (1772–1838), on Śniadecki as a researcher and practitioner. For practical (clinical) medicine his reserve towards auscultation and percussion, then a slowly gaining field in clinical subjects, is clearly present in Śniadecki’s writings and teaching. His passive and, as far as we can tell, sceptical attitude is explained by the lack of convincing evidence, based on empirical and experimental data, which would enable to connect the physical signs of a diagnosis fulfilled by means of stethoscope to that of the percussion process. It must be remembered that the books by Adam Raciborski (1809–1871) and Joseph Škoda (1805–1881) were both published in the 1830s, where modern diagnosing methods were established using a suitable scientific background to explain their importance. This was too late to influence the clinical work of Śniadecki. The same scepticism, with an obvious demand for strict and experimentally derived data, is probably responsible for the conservative therapy present in Śniadecki’s teaching.

Jung's Contribution to Clinical Psychiatry

1935 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051-1064
Author(s):  
Murdo Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Better Than

This attempt to correlate Jung's work with practical psychiatry is concerned mainly with his conception of clinical types. Jung went far away from the provinces of clinical medicine and psychiatry for his evidence, and the possible cause for this is discussed. He expands his view of introversion and extraversion, and so the suggestion is made that for practical purposes his early limitation of these terms should be maintained. The difficulties encountered in type description by comparison and contrast are emphasized. The value of his conception of basic functions is discussed and criticized. A review is made of the personalities he describes, and a simplification of his resulting classification suggested for practical purposes. The notion is put forward that Jung describes one type in psychological adaptation much better than any others, and it is hinted that his psycho-pathological description of this type in nerve disorder constitutes his main contribution to clinical psychiatry. A review of the treatable nerve disorders suggests that this disorder has received more adequate description from Jung than any other, and reveals a unique method of investigation and therapy. This does not apply to his other descriptions. Possibly some of the vagueness attributed to Jung is because he did not give this disorder an adequate diagnosis, and an explanation for this is offered. The correlation between the simplified classification and the classification of treatable nerve disorders is close, and it is suggested that this constitutes Jung's contribution to clinical psychiatry in general. The application of Jung's principles is of daily help to the practising psychiatrist.

scholarly journals Beyond the Consulting Room: Intuition and Intersubjectivity in Journal Peer Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
Wendy Lipworth
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Manuscript Review ◽  
The Subject

Objective: The manuscript review process is a central part of medicine, but has become increasingly the subject of criticism. A frequent claim is that the process is insufficiently objective and that it is inconsistent in its capacity to assess manuscript quality. Implicit in this is the expectation that manuscript review is, or should be, a ‘scientific’ process. In this paper I examine and critique this ‘scientific imperative’. Conclusions: Manuscript review, like clinical medicine and (ironically) like science itself, is not and cannot be a ‘scientific’ process, and this needs to be taken into account both by those carrying out reviews and those who wish to evaluate and improve the manuscript review process.

scholarly journals The old new theory of modern Russian psychiatry: a biopsychosocial approach (institutional discourse)

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
G. N. Nosachev ◽  
I. G. Nosachev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Medical Psychology ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Biological Domain ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Approach Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Russian Psychiatry

The article is discussed («Review of psychiatry and medical psychology named after V.M. Bekhterev». 2020; 2: 3-15), which examines the biopsychosocial model as the theoretical basis (scientific, clinical, preventive, therapeutic) of modern psychiatry, in particular, the biological (genetic) domain.The purpose of the discourse: from the standpoint of philosophy and methodology of science, to determine the place of the biological domain (biomedical research) of the biopsychosocial (biopsychosocial—spiritual) (BPS) approach (theory) in Russian psychiatry, in particular, from the standpoint of the subject of psychiatry and its main section-clinical psychiatry.Based on methodology and philosophy, and based on anthropological and holistic approaches, the biological domain of the BPS model, which is based on clinical psychiatry as a practice and, accordingly, theory, is discussed through the subject of psychiatry as a science. The significance and role of the subject of psychiatry (pathology, disorders, abnormalities of mental activity) in the ICD-10 and the components of the biopsychosocial (model) approach are discussed. There are differences in the domains of the model and the difficulties of clinical diagnosis (multi-axis, functional, multidimensional) and, accordingly, the study of the etiopathogenesis of mental disorders, the "bias" of diagnosis and therapy. The article deals with the neurological component of the biological domain and the "expansion" of neurologists into psychiatry, which leads to hidden antipsychiatry. The author emphasizes the independence, contiguity and two-paradigm nature of psychiatry as a science (with its own unity of subject and its own method of research—clinical and psychopathological). In addition to the interdisciplinarity of clinical neuroscience, it is proposed to be multidisciplinary (for the sections of psychiatry), but the future belongs to the transdisciplinary research methodology.

scholarly journals French Musical: history and specificity of the genre

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Elena Andreevna Trukhacheva ◽  
Karina Vramovna Vartanova
Keyword(s):  
Classical Music ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodology Of Science

French Musical is “younger” than the Broadway, popular; however, there is yet no serious scientific approach towards its examination. The subject of this research is nationalization of the French Musical in historical and genre contexts. The goal is to disclose role of French Musical as a relatively young genre on the theoretical level. The article employs the interdisciplinary approach, which involves the scientific theories and concepts from other fields; historical-culturological approach, which reveals the factors contributing to assimilation of French culture with the traditions of other cultures; systemic approach aimed at examination of professional performance in French Musical as a result of development of the genre in late XX – early XXI centuries. The scientific novelty consists in introduction of the previously missing biographical materials and new information on the establishment and development of the genre of French Musical and its national specificity. The theoretical significance lies in characterization of the concepts of “French Musical”, “popular culture”, “interpretation of classical music”, “musical performance” in the context of art history knowledge, as well as methodology of science. The practical significance lies in broader understanding of the role of establishment and proliferation of French Musical, comparison of the use of chanson and jazz in the Musicals of France and the United States. The main result consists the statement that French Musical contains the key to understanding the French people, their thought pattern, and tastes. This genre allows them to express and defend their values and uniqueness.

Teaching Aids in Clinical Psychiatry

1952 ◽  
Vol 98 (412) ◽  
pp. 477-482
Author(s):  
W. M. Millar ◽  
Max Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Effective Teaching ◽  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Major Subject ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Subject

The effective teaching of Psychiatry to medical students remains a formidable problem for many reasons apart from the actual methods employed by the teacher. Allocation of adequate time to the subject, the attitude of other teachers and students towards it, the facilities provided by local hospitals, clinics and other institutions alike contribute to the difficulty in establishing Psychiatry as a major subject within the medical curriculum. It is with the problem of teaching method alone that this paper wishes to deal: first to outline the inherent difficulties commonly encountered; secondly to describe the design of structures and equipment found useful in overcoming these difficulties in some measure; and thirdly to point the way for possible future development.

scholarly journals Anti-Essentialism and the Rhetoricization of Knowledge: Mario Nizolio's Humanist Attack on Universals *

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lodi Nauta
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Sensitive Analysis ◽  
Early Modern Philosophy ◽  
Renaissance Humanism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scholastic Philosophy ◽  
The Way

AbstractWell-known for his Ciceronianism as well as for his crass nominalism and virulent attack on universals, the humanist Mario Nizolio (1488–1567) is often considered to be a forerunner of early modern philosophy. But although his name duly features in general accounts of Renaissance humanism and philosophy, his work, edited by Leibniz in 1670, has hardly been the subject of a philosophically sensitive analysis. This article examines Nizolio's attempt to reform scholastic philosophy, paying particular attention to the way in which he de-ontologized the scholastic categories and predicables (genus, species, etc.) and replaced philosophical abstraction with the rhetorical concept of synecdoche. His views on science, proof, argumentation, and rhetoric are discussed, as well as the humanist inspiration from which they issue. We will then be able to evaluate the strength and limitations of Nizolio's program in the wider tradition of early modern philosophy.

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