Pathophysiological and age-specific mechanisms of morpho-functional changes in spermatozoa in infertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Anna A. Dotsenko ◽  
Alexander V. Polevshchikov
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Russian Federation

The aim of the review is to analyze the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of sperm alteration accompanying the development of male infertility, the sequence of the development of their dysfunctions in individuals of different ages. Male infertility is a worldwide problem; up to 20% of married couples are childless. In the Russian Federation, the problem is even more acute, which complicates the unfavorable demographic situation. Based on the generalization of the results of various screening studies, from 30 to 50% of men in the Russian Federation have impaired fertility. The review examines the main classifications and pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of male infertility. An extended assessment of changes in the morphology and functional properties of spermatozoa, relevant for the practice of in vitro fertilization, was carried out. The mechanisms of damage to spermatozoa and the sequence of development of degenerative changes in the cell are considered in detail. The mechanisms of sperm dysfunction development in men of different ages are compared. The conclusion is made about the need for further studies of the molecular mechanisms of fertility, deciphering the entire set of interactions between molecules and cells involved in the implementation of the reproduction function.

scholarly journals Hyperviscous Semen Causes Poor Sperm Quality and Male Infertility through Induction of Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Beigi Harchegani ◽  
Hamid Rahmani ◽  
Eisa Tahmasbpour ◽  
Alireza Shahriary
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

Background/Aims: Semen hyperviscosity (SHV) is one of the significant factors involved in poor semen quality and male infertility. It also leads major problems during assisted reproduction techniques and in vitro fertilization process. Although influence of SHV on sperm quality, fertilization rate and male infertility have been widely considered, molecular and cellular mechanisms for these abnormalities are not well understood. In this review, we aimed to discuss the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms of SHV on male reproductive system, the importance of oxidative stress (OS) and the mechanisms by which SHV induces OS and impairment of other antioxidants. Methods: A PubMed/Medline and EM-BASE search was performed using keywords: “hyperviscosity semen”, “oxidative stress”, and “male infertility”. Conclusion: OS induced by reactive oxygen species can be considered as a major mechanism in patients with hyperviscosity semen that is associated with DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxida-tion and sperm membrane disintegrity, apoptosis, depletion of antioxidants, and subsequently poor sperm quality and male infertility. Therefore, antioxidant therapy may improve main pathological effects of hyperviscosity semen, especially oxidative damages and inflammation, on sperm quality and function. Further, randomized controlled studies are necessary to confirm these results and make a comparison between effects of various antioxidants such as N-acethyl-cysteine and Curcumin on fertility problem in patients with hyperviscous semen.

scholarly journals Pharmacology of Antispasmodic Drugs Used in Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Doctor Ru ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Е.N. Kareva ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Motility Disorders ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Objective of the Review: To describe and compare some pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of antispasmodic drugs used in complex management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the Russian Federation. Key Points. IBS is a chronic recurrent disease associated with abdominal pain and bowel disorders. The key factors of IBS pathogenesis include intestinal motility disorders and visceral hypersensitivity. Both processes are controlled by endocrine and neural systems. In a target cell, voltage-operated calcium channels mediate neuronal signals for unstriped muscles to contract and for glands to start secreting. Antispasmodic drugs are a group of products that have been used for IBS management for decades. The review describes contemporary idea of molecular mechanisms to control contraction of GIT muscle cells and a comparison of antispasmodic drugs used in complex therapy of IBS in the Russian Federation. Their key pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics are discussed. Conclusion. The fundamental difference of mebeverine (Duspatalin) is its ability to normalise bowel motility in patients with IBS without the need in complete motility suppression. Also, its inability to block muscarinic receptors and stimulate opioid receptors is another advantage in improving the quality of life of patients. Keywords: pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, antispasmodic drugs, therapy of irritable bowel syndrome, mebeverine.

SPACE CITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN PERSONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Dmitrievna Makarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
60Th Anniversary ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Russian Federation

Tourism is important for the economy of our country and the tourist attractiveness of the cities of the Russian Federation is quite high. Combining history and tourism, several types of tourism (cultural and educational, industrial, event) can serve as a great impetus for the formation of new thematic routes and an interesting excursion program for tourists of different ages. In this article, the author of the work has formed a thematic material for the 60th anniversary of the flight of the first man into space and shows the importance of Russian cities through the prism of cosmonauts who made the first attempts to conquer outer space. This material can serve as a basis for the development of thematic brochures.

scholarly journals Testis-Specific SEPT12 Expression Affects SUN Protein Localization and is Involved in Mammalian Spermiogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Hsin Yeh ◽  
Ya-Yun Wang ◽  
Shi-Kae Wee ◽  
Mei-Feng Chen ◽  
Han-Sun Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Severe Oligozoospermia ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

Male infertility is observed in approximately 50% of all couples with infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a conventional artificial reproductive technique for treating male infertility, may fail because of a severe low sperm count, immotile sperm, immature sperm, and sperm with structural defects and DNA damage. Our previous studies have revealed that mutations in the septin (SEPT)-coding gene SEPT12 cause teratozoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. These spermatozoa exhibit morphological defects in the head and tail, premature chromosomal condensation, and nuclear damage. Sperm from Sept12 knockout mice also cause the developmental arrest of preimplantation embryos generated through in vitro fertilization and ICSI. Furthermore, we found that SEPT12 interacts with SPAG4, a spermatid nuclear membrane protein that is also named SUN4. Loss of the Spag4 allele in mice also disrupts the integration nuclear envelope and reveals sperm head defects. However, whether SEPT12 affects SPAG4 during mammalian spermiogenesis remains unclear. We thus conducted this study to explore this question. First, we found that SPAG4 and SEPT12 exhibited similar localizations in the postacrosomal region of elongating spermatids and at the neck of mature sperm through isolated murine male germ cells. Second, SEPT12 expression altered the nuclear membrane localization of SPAG4, as observed through confocal microscopy, in a human testicular cancer cell line. Third, SEPT12 expression also altered the localizations of nuclear membrane proteins: LAMINA/C in the cells. This effect was specifically due to the expression of SEPT12 and not that of SEPT1, SEPT6, SEPT7, or SEPT11. Based on these results, we suggest that SEPT12 is among the moderators of SPAG4/LAMIN complexes and is involved in the morphological formation of sperm during mammalian spermiogenesis.

A modern view of male infertility

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Silber
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Obstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Male Factor Infertility ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Sperm Retrieval ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Defective Spermatogenesis

It is archaic to view male factor infertility today separately from in vitro fertilization (IVF) and treatment of the female partner. Oligoasthenozoospermia may be an inherited condition (most likely on the Y chromosome), and is refractory to any treatment of the male including hormones and varicocelectomy. IVF technology is the only justifiable approach for achieving a pregnancy in these couples. The reasons for this view and the suggested modern approach to couples with oligoasthenozoospermia are outlined in this review. However, obstructive azoospermia is different as it can be successfully corrected with microsurgery in over 90% of men. When it cannot be corrected, as in congenital absence of vas, microsurgical sperm retrieval combined with IVF can still be highly effective in producing pregnancy with sperm from the husband. The most important arena for research into male infertility in the next decade will be to map out the deletions on the Y chromosome that might result in defective spermatogenesis, and which probably cause most cases of non-obstructive male factor infertility.

Gene Expression Analysis on the Early Development of Pig Embryos Exposed to Malathion

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zayil Salazar ◽  
Yvonne Ducolomb ◽  
Miguel Betancourt ◽  
Edmundo Bonilla ◽  
Leticia Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Embryo Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Alterations

Malathion is a widely used pesticide and there is evidence that it could alter mammal’s germ and somatic cells, as well as cell lines. There are not enough studies showing how the nonacute malathion doses affect gene expression. This study analyzes gene expression alterations in pig morular embryos exposed in vitro , for 96 h, to several malathion concentrations after in vitro fertilization. cDNA libraries of isolated morular embryos were created and differential screenings performed to identify target genes. Seven clones were certainly identified. Genes related to mitochondrial metabolism as cytochrome c subunits I and III, nuclear genes such as major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I), and a hypothetical protein related with a splicing factor were the target of malathion’s deregulation effect. The widespread use of malathion as a pesticide should be regarded with reproductive implications and more detailed analysis would yield more about molecular mechanisms of malathion injury on embryo cells.

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