scholarly journals Effect of long-term emotional-painful stress on the leukocyte composition of blood in rats with different levels of excitability of the nervous system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina G. Shalaginova ◽  
Vera Sheremet ◽  
Diana A. Khlebaeva ◽  
Alexander I. Vaido ◽  
Natalia A. Dyuzhikova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stress States ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Immune Dysfunctions

AbstractPost-stress states in animals and humans are accompanied by the development of neuro- and peripheral inflammation. The mechanisms of such immune dysfunctions, their contribution to the pathogenesis of stress-related diseases, as well as the dependence of the intensity of poststress inflammation on genetically determined features of the nervous system, have not been clarified.Aim: to assess the dynamics of the development of poststress inflammation depending on the genetically determined level of excitability of the nervous system in rats.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on male rats of two lines, selected by the threshold of excitability of the nervous system-the line HT (high threshold of excitability) and LT (low threshold of excitability). As a model of chronic stress, the Protocol of long-term emotional and pain exposure according to Hecht was used. To investigate the dynamics of changes in the leukocyte formula, three time points were selected: 24 hours, 7 days and 24 days after the stressor. Morphological analysis of blood was carried out to determine the leukogram, for which the leukocytes were counted in a blood smear stained by Romanovsky-Gimza.Results. Chronic stress leads to an increase in the leukocyte shift index only in the experimental group of highly excitable rats of the LT line compared with control animals of the same line. The significance of the differences is confirmed on day 7 after the end of the stressor. No interline differences in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios were found in intact animals of LT and HT lines.Conclusion. In rats with a genetically determined high level of excitability of the nervous system, post-stressor systemic inflammation appears 7 days after the end of the stressor. Animals with a low level of excitability of the nervous system had no signs of post-stress inflammation throughout the observations. The article discusses the possible mechanisms of detected immune dysfunctions in animals due to high excitability of the central nervous system.

Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity in Cancer Survivors: An Underdiagnosed Clinical Entity?

2015 ◽  
pp. e553-e560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Cavaletti ◽  
Paola Alberti ◽  
Paola Marmiroli
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Peripheral Neurotoxicity ◽  
Anticancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Neurologic Dysfunction ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Level

Systemic chemotherapy is a cornerstone of the modern medical management of cancer, although its use is limited by toxicity on normal tissues and organs, including the nervous system. Long-surviving or cured people strongly require a high level of wellness in addition to prolongation of life (the concept of the quality of survival), but neurologic dysfunction can severely affect daily life activities. Chemotherapy-related peripheral neurotoxicity is becoming one of the most worrisome long-term side effects in patients affected by a neoplasm. The central nervous system has a limited capacity to recover from injuries, and it is not surprising that severe damage can determine long-term or permanent neurologic dysfunction. However, the peripheral nervous system also can be permanently damaged by anticancer treatments despite its better regeneration capacities, and the effect on patients' daily life activities might be extremely severe. However, only recently, the paradigms of peripheral neurotoxicity reversibility have been scientifically challenged, and studies have been performed to capture the patients' perspectives on this issue and to measure the effect of peripheral neurotoxicity on their daily life activities. Despite these efforts, knowledge about this problem is still largely incomplete, and further studies are necessary to clarify the several still-unsettled aspects of long-term peripheral neurotoxicity of conventional and targeted anticancer chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Self-buffering capacity of a human sulfatase for central nervous system delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wen ◽  
Nazila Salamat-Miller ◽  
Keethkumar Jain ◽  
Katherine Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Formulation Design ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Enzymes ◽  
Intrathecal Space

AbstractDirect delivery of therapeutic enzymes to the Central Nervous System requires stringent formulation design. Not only should the formulation design consider the delicate balance of existing ions, proteins, and osmolality in the cerebrospinal fluid, it must also provide long term efficacy and stability for the enzyme. One fundamental approach to this predicament is designing formulations with no buffering species. In this study, we report a high concentration, saline-based formulation for a human sulfatase for its delivery into the intrathecal space. A high concentration formulation (≤ 40 mg/mL) was developed through a series of systematic studies that demonstrated the feasibility of a self-buffered formulation for this molecule. The self-buffering capacity phenomenon was found to be a product of both the protein itself and potentially the residual phosphates associated with the protein. To date, the self-buffered formulation for this molecule has been stable for up to 4 years when stored at 5 ± 3 °C, with no changes either in the pH values or other quality attributes of the molecule. The high concentration self-buffered protein formulation was also observed to be stable when exposed to multiple freeze–thaw cycles and was robust during in-use and agitation studies.

scholarly journals Alpha2-Adrenoblockers Regulate Development of Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Behaviour of Rats under Chronic Acoustic Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Magdalina Melkonyan ◽  
Ashkhen Manukyan ◽  
Lilit Hunanyan ◽  
Artem Grigoryan ◽  
Hayk Harutyunyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Level ◽  
Environment Noise

Noise is a wide-spread stress factor in modern life produced by urbanization, traffic, and an industrialized environment. Noise stress causes dysfunction and neurotransmission impairment in the central nervous system, as well as changes in hormone levels. In this study, we have examined the level of α-Tocopherol (α-T) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and the erythrocytes’ membrane (EM), as well as the behavioral characteristics of a noise-induced stress model in rats. In addition, the modulating effect of α2-adrenoblockers, beditin, and mesedin on the aforementioned parameters has been investigated. For these purposes, albino male rats were divided into four groups: (1) untreated; (2) noise-exposed, (3) noise-exposed and beditin-treated (2 mg/kg, i.p.), and (4) noise-exposed and mesedin-treated (10 mg/kg, i.p.) animals. Noise-exposed groups were treated with 91dBA noise on 60 days with a daily duration of 8 h. Increased MDA and decreased α-T levels in plasma and EM were observed upon chronic high-level noise exposure. Locomotor and behavioral activity assessed with a Y-maze revealed disorientation and increased anxiety under chronic noise exposure. Prominently, α2-adrenoblockers alleviated both behavioral deficits and oxidative stress, providing evidence for the involvement of α2-adrenoceptor in the pathophysiology of noise-induced stress.

Mycophenolate mofetil as induction and long-term maintaining treatment in childhood: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rosati ◽  
Alessandra Cosi ◽  
Massimo Basile ◽  
Alice Brambilla ◽  
Renzo Guerrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Primary Angiitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Long-term impact of neonatal inflammation on demyelination and remyelination in the central nervous system

Glia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1659-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karelle Bénardais ◽  
Viktoria Gudi ◽  
Lijie Gai ◽  
Jasmin Neßler ◽  
Vikramjeet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Long Term Impact

scholarly journals The role of personal anxiety in the development of psychophysiological indicators in adolescent athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
A. A. Makarova ◽  
O. A. Kharkova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Level

Objective: to study the role of personal anxiety in the development of psychophysiological indicators in adolescent athletes.Materials and methods. To study the prevalence of high levels of personal anxiety (hereinafter — LT), as well as to determine the characteristics of psychophysiological indicators, the study involved 23 teenagers — boys and girls who were representatives of different sports. Using the device for psychophysiological testing UPFT-1/30 “Psychophysiologist”, indicators of simple visual-motor reaction and the level of LT on the Spielberg scale were obtained. To assess the impact of changes in high LT levels on psychophysiological indicators, 14 adolescent athletes with a high level of personal anxiety were selected and then divided into 2 groups. The experimental group included adolescents who wanted to participate in an experiment on the use of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to correct high LT levels; the control group included adolescents with high LT levels who were not trained in cognitive behavioral therapy techniques.Results. Every third adolescent athlete had a high level of LT. Adolescent athletes with a high LT level, in contrast to adolescents with an optimal LT level, were less efficient, and, despite a shorter minimum reaction time, made more mistakes. The dynamics of psychophysiological indicators were observed both in the group with intervention and in the group where no cognitive behavioral therapy techniques were performed; however, after studying the difference in the physiological parameters of the central nervous system in the group where there was a change in LT, and in the group where LT either did not change or increased, we found positive changes. Changes in the LT level led to a decrease in the average reaction time, the minimum reaction time, and an increase in the level of stability of reactions.Conclusions. A high level of LT affects the psychophysiological parameters of the central nervous system in adolescent athletes. The use of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to normalize the LT level of adolescent athletes leads to an improvement in the physiological parameters of the central nervous system.

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