scholarly journals Effects of alcohol on pregnancy and the fetus. the role of preventive measures in daily practice of an obstetrician

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
A Yu Marianian
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects and developmental disorders. The article reviews scientific literature describing modern conceptions of alcohol-associated teratogenicity. Problems of public awareness of alcohol negative impact on pregnancy and the fetus (particularly by informing women of reproductive age and pregnant women) are raised. Literature review revealed that there is a lack of information on fetal disorders associated with alcohol consumption by the mother. Nowadays, alcohol consumption in Russia is one of the highest in the world (15.8 liters per capita per year, including newborns, 2011), which is significantly higher than the absolute level of alcohol consumption associated with serious health risk for an individual and for the population as a whole. Awareness among women of reproductive age and pregnant women is very low. Therefore, it is necessary to inform and teach physicians screening methods of medical problems associated with alcohol intake and brief intervention strategies that will help to identify and inform women at risk for having children with fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and prevent the birth of mentally retarded children. The problem of fetal alcohol syndrome and the whole spectrum of fetal alcohol disorders is of great theoretical and practical significance in Russia.

scholarly journals High burden of anemia among pregnant women in Tanzania: a call to address its determinants

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno F. Sunguya ◽  
Yue Ge ◽  
Linda Mlunde ◽  
Rose Mpembeni ◽  
Germana Leyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Anemia in pregnancy is behind a significant burden of maternal mortality and poor birth outcomes globally. Efforts to address it need evidence on trends and its pertinent factors as they vary from one area to another. Methods We pooled data of 23,203 women of reproductive age whose hemoglobin levels were measured from two Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS). Of them, 2,194 women were pregnant. Analyses employed descriptive analyses to determine the burden of anemia, its characteristics, and severity; GIS mapping to determine the regional changes of anemia between 2005 and 2015; and logistic regression to determine the remaining determinants of anemia among pregnant women using Stata 15. Results The burden of anemia among pregnant women in Tanzania has remained unprecedently high, and varies between regions. There was no significant decline of anemia in general between the two periods after adjusting for individual, households, reproductive, and child characteristics [AOR = 0.964, 95% CI = 0.774–1.202, p = 0.747). Anemia is currently prevalent in 57% of pregnant women in Tanzania. The prevalence is more likely to be higher among women aged 15–19 years than those aged between 20–34 years. It is more likely to be prevalent among those within large families, with no formal education, food insecurity, lack of health insurance, had no antimalaria during pregnancy, and had low frequency of ANC attendance. On the other hand, delivery in a health facility may be potentially protective against anemia. Conclusions Anemia in pregnancy remained persistently high and prevalent among 57% of pregnant women in Tanzania. Efforts to address anemia are crucial and need to be focused in regions with increasing burden of anemia among pregnant women. It is imperative to address important risk factors such as food insecurity, strengthening universal health coverage, empowering women of reproductive age with education and especially nutritional knowledge and advocating for early antenatal booking, attendance, and facility delivery.

Venlafaxine prescription claims among insured women of reproductive age and pregnant women, 2011–2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
April D. Summers ◽  
Kayla N. Anderson ◽  
Elizabeth C. Ailes ◽  
Scott D. Grosse ◽  
William V. Bobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vitamin A Deficiency among Children and Women in Senegal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mane Hélène Faye ◽  
Nicole Idohou-Dossou ◽  
Abdou Badiane ◽  
Anta Agne-Djigo ◽  
Papa Mamadou DD Sylla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Like many developing countries, Senegal does not have data on the extent of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) that is representative of its population. The present survey was conducted to fill this gap and to identify factors associated with VAD, prior to the introduction of a large-scale vitamin A oil fortification program. Procedures: A nationwide representative cross-sectional survey involving 1887 children 12 to 59 months old and 1316 women of reproductive age (WRA) was conducted. Blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations of retinol (PR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha-1-acidglycoprotein were measured. PR was adjusted for subclinical inflammation using the BRINDA regression methodology. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with VAD. Findings: The adjusted prevalence of VAD (PR ≤ 0.7 μmol/L) in children was 15.3% and differed by age group, area of residence, and socioeconomic status and half of them had subclinical inflammation. Among WRA, VAD was low (2.3%) and 18.1% had vitamin A insufficiency (VAI). Pregnant women were more affected by VAI (28.4%) and Dakar had lower figures compared with other cities and rural strata. Prevalence of VAI decreased with increasing wealth quintile. In logistic regression, abnormal CRP, poverty, scarce consumption of poultry, oysters, melon, red palm oil, palm kernel oil, Saba senegalensis fruit pulp (Maad) and cowpea, frequent consumption of leeks and consumption of Leptadenia hastata leaves (Mbuum tiakhat), were associated with VAD in children. For women, lower socioeconomic status, fair or poor health status and anemia were negatively associated with VAI. Conclusions: In Senegal, VAD is a moderate public health problem in children and slight among women. Particular attention should be paid to children older than 23 months, pregnant women, rural populations, and poorest households. Nutritional interventions should be implemented alongside morbidity prevention and control. Keywords: vitamin A deficiency, children 12-59 months, women of reproductive age, Senegal.

scholarly journals ‘After they finish their meals, I have my meal from the leftovers; I have to adjust:” Examining How Gender Norms Affect Anemia Rates in Odisha India (P04-122-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Sedlander ◽  
Chandni Ladwa ◽  
Sameera Talegawkar ◽  
Rohini Ganjoo ◽  
Rajiv Rimal
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Rich Food ◽  
Iron Folic Acid

Abstract Objectives Half of women of reproductive age in India have iron deficiency anemia compared to only 23% of men. Most research focuses on biological reasons for this discrepancy and access to iron-folic acid and iron-rich foods. However, recent research in India shows that inequitable gender norms may affect a woman's ability or desire to take iron supplements and to eat iron-rich food. The objective of this study is to examine how and why gender norms may be affecting high and persistent rates of anemia in India. Methods We conducted 25 key informant interviews and 16 focus group discussions with women of reproductive age, adolescents, husbands and mothers-in-law (n = 148) in Odisha, India. We purposively sampled key informants and randomly sampled focus group participants. We analyzed the data using applied thematic analysis in Nvivo software. Results Our data shows that unequal gender norms impact behaviors that are directly related to high rates of anemia. Women are often serving their husband, children, and in-laws first and “adjusting” to whatever is leftover which may be poor in nutritional qualities and less iron rich. Men are also the main breadwinners but often spend their money on alcohol, money that could be spent on iron-rich food for the household. Women reported that extreme fatigue is a normal part of being a woman and that a woman's plight is to take care of her family at any cost. Given that fatigue, the primary symptom of anemia is normalized; women may be less likely to seek treatment. Women tend to prioritize the health of their family over her own which could affect her ability or desire to go to the health center to get tested for anemia or to obtain iron supplements. Pregnant women are more likely to take iron supplements for the health of the baby, not her own health. While non-pregnant women of reproductive age who were not diagnosed with anemia were not focused on preventive health, only major illnesses and thus, were not taking supplements at all. Conclusions More upstream barriers, like gender norms, may be impinging on a woman's ability to take iron folic acid and to eat iron rich foods. Understanding how gender norms contribute to anemia could change the narrative from a biomedical issue to a social justice issue. Funding Sources The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Validating a questionnaire to identify women in first trimester of pregnancy during preventive chemotherapy interventions against soil-transmitted helminths in North-western Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey Deogratias Mazigo ◽  
Antonio Montresor
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Pregnancy Test ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
North Western ◽  
Western Tanzania

Abstract Background Women of reproductive age carry a large burden of disease from soil-transmitted helminths infections. Preventive chemotherapy with anthelminthic is an effective treatment to control soil-transmitted helminths morbidity. However, as a precautionary measure, the treatment of pregnant women is recommended only after the first trimester. This has resulted in many women of reproductive age be denied treatment because of doubt on their pregnancy status. The standard assessments of the pregnancy status (i.e. urine pregnancy rapid test or blood test) are too expensive to be used in mass drug administration campaigns. Thus, use of a simple alternative approach is recommended. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performances of a questionnaire in assessing the pregnancy status of women of reproductive age during preventive chemotherapy interventions. Methodology A questionnaire (20 questions) followed by rapid pregnancy test (RPT) were administered to a group of women of reproductive age in two districts in North-western Tanzania. Results A total of 1,217 women of reproductive age participated in the study. Overall, 10.8% of the women reported to be pregnant at the specific question in the questionnaire. The rapid pregnancy test identified 15.1% (184/1217) of the women to be pregnant. In total, 86.4% (114/1,217) of the women who reported to be pregnant during the interview were confirmed to be pregnant using the RPT. The question on pregnancy demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 62% and specificity 98.3%. Conclusion The questionnaire can be used to identify pregnant women in first trimester during preventive chemotherapy campaigns. The question on last date of start of menstrual period yield the highest sensitivity and appeared to be the key one to be used in combination with other questions. However, validation of these results in other countries with different cultures are needed to fully evaluate performance of this method.

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