scholarly journals Essential medicines for universal health coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika J Wirtz ◽  
Hans V Hogerzeil ◽  
Andrew L Gray ◽  
Maryam Bigdeli ◽  
Cornelis De Joncheere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Universal Health

scholarly journals COMMUNITY PHARMACY ROLE IN UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE IN MOMBASA COUNTY

2021 ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
Kailong J. M ◽  
Aggrey A ◽  
Mulinya S
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Controlled Drugs ◽  
Universal Health

Community pharmacy role in universal health coverage was a qualitative study that entailed close contact to the role played by community pharmacies in healthcare provision. As a "small healthcare" in provision of pharmaceutical services, community pharmacies are required to be included in realization of Universal Health Coverage in Mombasa since it is among the Big 4 Agenda of the national government (MOH, 2013). The objective of the study was to determine community pharmacy role in universal health coverage. A descriptive cross sectional study design was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data and the design estimate the prevalence of the outcome of interest commonly for the purpose of public health planning. A sample size of 196 was calculated using fishers formula. Data was collected using in-depth interviews and structured questionnaire were administered on a target population of community pharmacies health providers and clients seeking services respectively. The collected data was analysed using SPSS version 20 and interpreted using tables and pie charts. On community pharmacy practitioners respondents; 58% were male, 90.3% diploma holders in pharmacy, 39.8% registered with PPB and 65% had practised for less than two years. 78% of the respondents agree that community pharmacy has a role in UHC and there was 74% affordability of community pharmacy medicines. Bivariate analysis findings show that training and inspection on UHC (P=0.003) Covid 19 (p=0.000) and inspection fee (p=0.000). Accessibility; location of community pharmacies (p=0.000) and doctors attitudes (p=0.000). Essential medicines; acyclovir 200mg tablets (p=0.000), chlorpromazine 100mg tablets (p=0.000) and tetanus toxoid vaccine (p=0.000). Key determinants of community pharmacy role in UHC were diploma (AOR 666.7; CI 129.6-3429.5), Erythromycin 125mg suspension (AOR 120.3; CI 15.4-940.8), Acyclovir 200mg tablets (AOR 46.823; CI 17.7-124.1) and Occupation (AOR 45.271; CI 15.363-133.404. The study recommends reduction of tax on essential medicines, MOH revise the UHC policy to incorporate community pharmacies and empowerment on management of controlled drugs and vaccines in order to realize effective and efficient UHC in Kenya

scholarly journals The Legal Determinants of Health: How Can We Achieve Universal Health Coverage and What Does it Mean?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
The Right ◽  
Universal Health

How can we keep people – wherever they live – healthy and safe? Among all global health initiatives, universal health coverage (UHC) has garnered most political attention. But can UHC (as important as it is) actually achieve the two fundamental aspirations of the right to health: keeping people healthy and safe, while leaving no one behind? There is a universal longing for health and security, but also a deep-seated belief in fairness and equity. Can UHC achieve both health and equity, or what I have called, "global health with justice?" What makes a population healthy and safe? Certainly, universal and affordable access to healthcare is essential, including clinical prevention, treatment, and essential medicines. But beyond medical care are public health services, including surveillance, clean air, potable water, sanitation, vector control, and tobacco control. The final and most important factor in good health are social determinants, including housing, employment, education, and equity. If we can provide everyone with these three essential conditions for good health (healthcare, public health and social determinants), it would vastly improve global health. But we also need to take measures to leave no one behind. To achieve equity, we need to plan for it, and here I propose national health equity programs of action. Society’s highest obligation is to achieve global health, with justice.

scholarly journals Essential medicines for universal health coverage

The Lancet ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 389 (10067) ◽  
pp. 403-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika J Wirtz ◽  
Hans V Hogerzeil ◽  
Andrew L Gray ◽  
Maryam Bigdeli ◽  
Cornelis P de Joncheere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Universal Health

scholarly journals Essential medicines for universal health coverage – Authors' reply

The Lancet ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 389 (10082) ◽  
pp. 1881-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika J Wirtz ◽  
Hans V Hogerzeil ◽  
Andrew L Gray
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Universal Health

NCDs and the WHO Essential Medicines Lists: children need universal health coverage too

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 756-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J Gray ◽  
Jean-Pierre Chanoine ◽  
Mychelle Y Farmer ◽  
Jordan D Jarvis ◽  
Kate Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Essential Medicines Lists ◽  
Universal Health

scholarly journals A review of prospective pathways and impacts of COVID-19 on the accessibility, safety, quality, and affordability of essential medicines and vaccines for universal health coverage in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriano Amimo ◽  
Ben Lambert ◽  
Anthony Magit ◽  
Masahiro Hashizume
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
International System ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
International Technology Transfer ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the potential to reverse progress towards global targets. This study examines the risks that the COVID-19 pandemic poses to equitable access to essential medicines and vaccines (EMV) for universal health coverage in Africa. Methods We searched medical databases and grey literature up to 2 October 2020 for studies reporting data on prospective pathways and innovative strategies relevant for the assessment and management of the emerging risks in accessibility, safety, quality, and affordability of EMV in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the resulting pool of evidence to support our analysis and to draw policy recommendations to mitigate the emerging risks and improve preparedness for future crises. Results Of the 310 records screened, 134 were included in the analysis. We found that the disruption of the international system affects more immediately the capability of low- and middle-income countries to acquire the basket of EMV. The COVID-19 pandemic may facilitate dishonesty and fraud, increasing the propensity of patients to take substandard and falsified drugs. Strategic regional cooperation in the form of joint tenders and contract awarding, joint price negotiation and supplier selection, as well as joint market research, monitoring, and evaluation could improve the supply, affordability, quality, and safety of EMV. Sustainable health financing along with international technology transfer and substantial investment in research and development are needed to minimize the vulnerability of African countries arising from their dependence on imported EMV. To ensure equitable access, community-based strategies such as mobile clinics as well as fees exemptions for vulnerable and under-served segments of society might need to be considered. Strategies such as task delegation and telephone triage could help reduce physician workload. This coupled with payments of risk allowance to frontline healthcare workers and health-literate healthcare organization might improve the appropriate use of EMV. Conclusions Innovative and sustainable strategies informed by comparative risk assessment are increasingly needed to ensure that local economic, social, demographic, and epidemiological risks and potentials are accounted for in the national COVID-19 responses.

scholarly journals Advancing African Medicines Agency through Global Health Diplomacy for an Equitable Pan-African Universal Health Coverage: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11758
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Chattu ◽  
Vishal B. Dave ◽  
K. Srikanth Reddy ◽  
Bawa Singh ◽  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Global Health Diplomacy ◽  
Health Diplomacy ◽  
African Health ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Universal Health

The African continent is home to 15% of the world’s population and suffers from a disease burden of more than 25% globally. In this COVID-19 era, the high burden and mortality are further worsened due to inequities, inequalities such as inadequate health systems, scarce financial and human resources, as well as unavailability of inexpensive medicines of good quality, safety, and efficacy. The Universal Health Coverage ensures that people have access to high-quality essential health services, secure, reliable, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines, as well as financial security. This paper aimed at addressing the critical need for a continental African Medicines Agency (AMA) in addressing the inequities and the role of global health diplomacy in building consensus to support the ratification of the Treaty of AMA. A literature review was done in Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Google Scholar search engine to identify the critical literature in the context of study objectives. All the articles published after 2015 till 2021 in the context of AMA were included. African Health Strategy 2016–2030 highlighted the importance of an African regulatory mechanism for medicines and medical products. Through global health diplomacy (GHD), the African Union and its partners can negotiate and cooperate in providing infrastructural, administrative, and regulatory support for establishing the AMA. The paper emphasizes the South–South cooperation and highlights the contributions of India and China in the supply of medicines and vaccines to Africa. A strong AMA created through GHD can be a vital instrument in utilizing Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) flexibilities extension and an ideal partner for European and other regional regulatory authorities seeking to stem the tide of counterfeit, sub-standard, or fake products.

scholarly journals Essential medicines for universal health coverage

The Lancet ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 389 (10082) ◽  
pp. 1880-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Tanimoto ◽  
Kenji Tsuda ◽  
Tomohiro Kurokawa ◽  
Jinichi Mori ◽  
Hiroaki Shimmura
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Universal Health
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