scholarly journals Eye disorders in patients with chronic alcoholism

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-523
Author(s):  
R R Fazlyeva ◽  
F R Saifullina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Fusion Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Flicker Fusion

Aim. To study the features of ophthalmic disorders in patients with chronic alcoholism. Methods. Sixty patients (120 eyes) with chronic alcoholism (the main group), including 20 people (40 eyes) with the first stage, and 40 people (80 eyes) with the second stage of chronic alcoholism. Control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 46 years. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination, which included visual acuity test, refractometry, biomicroscopy, biomicroophthalmoscopy, visual field test using chromatic and achromatic colors, color vision test using the tables by E.B. Rabkin (1972), tonometry, flicker fusion rate, and bulbar conjunctiva microcirculation examination. Results. In patients of the control group, eye condition complied with a person’s age, a few changes of the conjunctiva microcirculation were revealed, perivascular changes index was assessed as 1.26±0.05 points, vascular changes index - 1.2±0.05 points, capillary changes index - 1.28±0.05 points, intravascular changes index - 2.3±0.05 points, total conjunctival index - 5±0.13 points. Patients with chronic alcoholism showed reduction of central vision in 26% of cases; white color perception visual field decrease - in 80% of cases, red color - in 40%, green - in 13% of cases. Color perception change was an acquired one in 88% of cases, inherited - in 22% of cases; unilateral reduction of visual flicker fusion rate to red light was observed in 35% of cases, bilateral decrease - in 23% of cases. All patients with chronic alcoholism had bulbar conjunctiva microcirculation disorders: perivascular changes index was assessed as 3.48±0.06 points, vascular changes index - 11.25±0.32 points, capillary changes index - 10.51±0.06 points, intravascular changes index - 2.36±0.06 points, total conjunctival index - 27.61±0.48 points. Conclusion. Alcohol intoxication causes profound pathological changes in the eye seen as visual field decrease, color vision disorders, reduced flicker fusion rate, presence of perivascular, intravascular and vascular disorders of bulbar conjunctiva microvasculature, which should be considered at main process monitoring and choosing the appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Color vision in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A pilot visual evoked potential study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
Tobias Banaschewski ◽  
Rosemary Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Colour Perception ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dopaminergic Tone ◽  
Visual Evoked

Background: Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are reported to manifest visual problems (including ophthalmological and color perception problems, particularly for blue-yellow stimuli), but findings are inconsistent. Accordingly, this study investigated visual function and color perception in adolescents with ADHD using VEP. Method: Participants were 31 adolescents (aged 13-18); 16 with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD, and 15 healthy peers, matched for age, gender, and IQ. All underwent ophthalmological exam, color vision testing (Mollon-Reffin Minimalist Colour Vision Test), as well as electrophysiological testing (color Visual Evoked Potentials; cVEP) which measured the latency and amplitude of the neural P1 response to chromatic stimuli (Blue-Yellow, Red-Green). Result: No group differences were found in clinical measure of color perception or opthalmological exam. However, significantly larger P1 amplitude was found for blue and yellow stimuli, but not red/green stimuli, in the ADHD group compared to controls. Discussion: Larger amplitude in the P1 component for blue-yellow in ADHD group compared to control group may account for no difference in colour perception task. Perhaps activating more resources in early sensory processing (P1) compensated for any underlying problems including compromised retinal input of s-cones due to hypo-dopaminergic tone.

scholarly journals Dissociation between red and white stimulus perception: A perimetric quantification of protanopic color vision deficiencies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260362
Author(s):  
Denise Wetzel ◽  
Judith Ungewiss ◽  
Michael Wörner ◽  
Helmut Wilhelm ◽  
Ulrich Schiefer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Field Extension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Field Extensions ◽  
Kinetic Perimetry ◽  
Color Vision Deficiencies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

Significance Horizontal visual field extension was assessed for red and white stimuli in subjects with protanopia using semi-automated kinetic perimetry. In contrast to a conventional anomaloscope, the “red/white dissociation ratio” (RWR) allows to describe protanopia numerically. For the majority of subjects with protanopia a restriction for faint red stimuli was found. Purpose Comparing the horizontal visual field extensions for red and white stimuli in subjects with protanopia and those with normal trichromacy and assessing the related intra-subject intra-session repeatability. Methods The subjects were divided into groups with protanopia and with normal trichromacy, based on color vision testing (HMC anomaloscope, Oculus, Wetzlar/FRG). Two stimulus characteristics, III4e and III1e, according to the Goldmann-classification, were presented with semi-automated kinetic perimetry (Octopus 900 perimeter, Haag-Streit, Köniz/CH). They moved along the horizontal meridian, with an angular velocity of 3°/s towards the visual field center, starting from either the temporal or nasal periphery. If necessary, a 20° nasal fixation point offset was chosen to capture the temporal periphery of the visual field. For each condition the red/white dissociation ratio (RWR); Pat Appl. DPMA DRN 43200082D) between the extent of the isopter for red (RG610, Schott, Mainz/ FRG) and white stimuli along the horizontal meridian was determined. Results All data are listed as median/interquartile range: Five males with protanopia (age 22.1/4.5 years) and six males with normal trichromacy (control group, age 30.5/15.2 years) were enrolled. The RWR is listed for the right eye, as no clinically relevant difference between right and left eye occurred. Protanopes’ RWR for mark III4e (in brackets: control group) was 0.941/0.013 (0.977/0.019) and for mark III1e 0.496/0.062 (0.805/0.051), respectively. Conclusions In this exploratory “proof-of-concept study” red/white dissociation ratio perimetry is introduced as a novel technique aiming at assessing and quantifying the severity of protanopia. Further effort is needed to understand the magnitude of the observed red-/white dissociation and to extend this methodology to a wider age range of the sample and to anomalous trichromacies (protanomalia) with varying magnitude.

scholarly journals Color vision in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A pilot visual evoked potential study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
Tobias Banaschewski ◽  
Rosemary Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Colour Perception ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dopaminergic Tone ◽  
Visual Evoked

Background: Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are reported to manifest visual problems (including ophthalmological and color perception problems, particularly for blue-yellow stimuli), but findings are inconsistent. Accordingly, this study investigated visual function and color perception in adolescents with ADHD using VEP. Method: Participants were 31 adolescents (aged 13-18); 16 with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD, and 15 healthy peers, matched for age, gender, and IQ. All underwent ophthalmological exam, color vision testing (Mollon-Reffin Minimalist Colour Vision Test), as well as electrophysiological testing (color Visual Evoked Potentials; cVEP) which measured the latency and amplitude of the neural P1 response to chromatic stimuli (Blue-Yellow, Red-Green). Result: No group differences were found in clinical measure of color perception or opthalmological exam. However, significantly larger P1 amplitude was found for blue and yellow stimuli, but not red/green stimuli, in the ADHD group compared to controls. Discussion: Larger amplitude in the P1 component for blue-yellow in ADHD group compared to control group may account for no difference in colour perception task. Perhaps activating more resources in early sensory processing (P1) compensated for any underlying problems including compromised retinal input of s-cones due to hypo-dopaminergic tone.

Chronic Alcoholism Decreases Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Human Plasma, Erythrocytes, and Platelets – Influence of Chronic Liver Disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (02) ◽  
pp. 808-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Luisa Pita ◽  
José-María Rubio ◽  
María-Luisa Murillo ◽  
Olimpia Carreras ◽  
Mariá-José Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Ethanol Ingestion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Docosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Long Chain

SummaryThe effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on fatty acid composition of plasma, erythrocyte and platelet phospholipids and on plasma 6-keto-PGF1α was studied. Two groups of alcoholic subjects, one of them with chronic liver disease, were studied and compared to a control group of healthy subjects. Linoleic acid was not affected by alcoholism but its larger metabolites arachidonic acid (20:4n6) and docosatetraenoic acid (22: 4n6) tended to be lower in erythrocytes and platelets of both groups of alcoholic patients; the decrease was more marked in the presence of chronic liver disease. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) was markedly decreased in plasma, erythrocytes and platelets obtained from alcoholic patients with chronic liver disease. Plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1α, a metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI2), remained unchanged. We conclude that chronic ethanol ingestion induces important changes in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly in platelets, and that these changes are exacerbated when patients suffer from chronic liver disease.

Color-blindness simulation for red-green and blue-yellow ambiguity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sheida Anbari ◽  
Hamid Reza Hamidi ◽  
Shokoh Kermanshahani
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Color Vision Test

Color blindness has important effects on people’s daily activities, since most activities require a discernment between colors. It is very important for engineers and designers to understand how colorblind people perceive colors. Therefore, many methods have been proposed to simulate color perception of people affected by Dichromacy and anomalous Trichromacy. However, the simulation results rarely have been evaluated with the reports of concerned individuals. In first study, we tried to simulate the color perception of people with different types (red and green) and different degrees of color blindness. Different degrees of red-green deficiency is simulated on the 24-plates brand of the Ishihara color vision test kit. Then simulated plates were tested on people with normal color vision. The results show that the simulation performance is better in the case of high degrees of red-green deficiency. There is also a clear difference between the assessment of female and male volunteers. In another study, the perception of the color of people with blue-yellow blindness is also considered. The proposed blue-yellow blind simulation is compared with the result of another research project. The results show that the color perception of individuals with different degrees of blue-yellow blindness can be reconstructed with a reasonable accuracy.

scholarly journals Cerebral trauma-induced dyschromatopsia in the left hemifield: case presentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Mase ◽  
Yoshitsugu Matsui ◽  
Eriko Uchiyama ◽  
Hisashi Matsubara ◽  
Masahiko Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Ganglion Cell Complex ◽  
Automated Perimetry ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Anterior Temporal Lobe ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Cerebral Trauma

Abstract Background Acquired color anomalies caused by cerebral trauma are classified as either achromatopsias or dyschromatopsias (Zeki, Brain 113:1721–1777, 1990). The three main brain regions stimulated by color are V1, the lingual gyrus, which was designated as human V4 (hV4), and the fusiform gyrus, designated as V4α. (Zeki, Brain 113:1721–1777, 1990). An acquired cerebral color anomaly is often accompanied by visual field loss (hemi- and quadrantanopia), facial agnosia, prosopagnosia, visual agnosia, and anosognosia depending on the underlying pathology (Bartels and Zeki, Eur J Neurosci 12:172–193, 2000), (Meadows, Brain 97:615–632, 1974), (Pearman et al., Ann Neurol 5:253–261, 1979). The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of a patient who developed dyschromatopsia following a traumatic injury to her brain. Case presentation The patient was a 24-year-old woman who had a contusion to her right anterior temporal lobe. After the injury, she noticed color distortion and that blue objects appeared green in the left half of the visual field. Although conventional color vision tests did not detect any color vision abnormalities, short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) showed a decrease in sensitivity consistent with a left hemi-dyschromatopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected abnormalities in the right fusiform gyrus, a part of the anterior temporal lobe. At follow-up 14 months later, subjective symptoms had disappeared, but the SWAP abnormalities persisted and a thinning of the sectorial ganglion cell complex (GCC) was detected. Conclusion The results indicate that although the subjective symptoms resolved early, a reduced sensitivity of SWAP remained and the optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed GCC thinning. We conclude that local abnormalities in the anterior section of fusiform gyrus can cause mild cerebral dyschromatopsia without other symptoms. These findings indicate that it is important to listen to the symptoms of the patient and perform appropriate tests including the SWAP and OCT at the early stage to objectively prove the presence of acquired cerebral color anomaly.

scholarly journals Association of ocular blood flow and contrast sensitivity in normal tension glaucoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kuerten ◽  
Matthias Fuest ◽  
Peter Walter ◽  
Babac Mazinani ◽  
Niklas Plange
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Field Defect ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Normal Tension Glaucoma ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow ◽  
Retinal Blood Flow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Field Defect

Abstract Purpose To investigate the relationship of ocular blood flow (via arteriovenous passage time, AVP) and contrast sensitivity (CS) in healthy as well as normal tension glaucoma (NTG) subjects. Design Mono-center comparative prospective trial Methods Twenty-five NTG patients without medication and 25 healthy test participants were recruited. AVP as a measure of retinal blood flow was recorded via fluorescein angiography after CS measurement using digital image analysis. Association of AVP and CS at 4 spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree, cpd) was explored with correlation analysis. Results Significant differences regarding AVP, visual field defect, intraocular pressure, and CS measurement were recorded in-between the control group and NTG patients. In NTG patients, AVP was significantly correlated to CS at all investigated cpd (3 cpd: r =  − 0.432, p< 0.03; 6 cpd: r =  − 0.629, p< 0.0005; 12 cpd: r =  − 0.535, p< 0.005; and 18 cpd: r =  − 0.58, p< 0.001), whereas no significant correlations were found in the control group. Visual acuity was significantly correlated to CS at 6, 12, and 18 cpd in NTG patients (r =  − 0.68, p< 0.002; r =  − 0.54, p< .02, and r =  − 0.88, p< 0.0001 respectively), however not in healthy control patients. Age, visual field defect MD, and PSD were not significantly correlated to CS in in the NTG group. MD and PSD were significantly correlated to CS at 3 cpd in healthy eyes (r = 0.55, p< 0.02; r =  − 0.47, p< 0.03). Conclusion Retinal blood flow alterations show a relationship with contrast sensitivity loss in NTG patients. This might reflect a disease-related link between retinal blood flow and visual function. This association was not recorded in healthy volunteers.

scholarly journals Optic Disc Vascularization in Glaucoma: Value of Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Maxime Lévêque ◽  
Pierre Zéboulon ◽  
Emmanuelle Brasnu ◽  
Christophe Baudouin ◽  
Antoine Labbé
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Ganglion Cell Complex ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Spectral Domain Oct

Purpose. To detect changes in optic nerve head (ONH) vascularization in glaucoma patients using spectral-domain OCT angiography (OCT-A).Material and Method. Fifty glaucoma patients and 30 normal subjects were evaluated with OCT-A (AngioVue®, Optovue). The total ONH vessel density and temporal disc vessel density were measured. Clinical data, visual field (VF) parameters, and spectral-domain OCT evaluation (RNFL: retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, GCC: ganglion cell complex thickness, and rim area) were recorded for glaucoma patients. Correlations among total and temporal ONH vessel density and structural and VF parameters were analyzed.Results. In the glaucoma group, total and temporal ONH vessel density were reduced by 24.7% (0.412 versus 0.547;p<0.0001) and 22.88% (0.364 versus 0.472;p=0.001), respectively, as compared with the control group. Univariate analysis showed significant correlation between rim area (mm2) and temporal ONH vessel density (r=0.623;p<0.0001) and total ONH vessel density (r=0.609;p<0.0001). Significant correlations were found between temporal and total ONH vessel density and RNFL, GCC, VF mean deviation, and visual field index.Conclusion. In glaucoma patients OCT-A might detect reduced ONH blood vessel density that is associated with structural and functional glaucomatous damage. OCT-A might become a useful tool for the evaluation of ONH microcirculation changes in glaucoma.

Microcirculation state in patients with deforming coxarthrosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
D. M. Puchinyan ◽  
M. S. Sissakian
Keyword(s):  
Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Pathologic Process ◽  
Healthy Persons

The microcirculation state in 48 patients with unilateral and bilateral deforming coxarthrosis of IIII stages and in 34 healthy persons aged 26 to 63 is studied using biomicroscopy method of bulbar conjunctiva vessels. It is established that the pronounced microcirculating disorders depend on the disease gravity and pathologic process occurrence. The most constant signs of microhemo- circulation disorder are intravescular and vascular changes.

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