scholarly journals Indicators of mental health of pre-school children in Irkutsk amid the wide introduction of information technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
School Children ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Central District ◽  
Childcare Center

Aim. To assess the mental activity of pre-school children amid the wide introduction of information technologies. Methods. 176 children aged from 5.5 to 6.5 years were observed at the institution of pre-school education of Irkutsk central district from 1998 to 2012. Two groups were formed: the first group included 101 child who attended childcare center in 1998, the second group - 76 children who attended childcare center in 2012. Age groups of pre-school children were formed according to their age (from 5 years 5 months 30 days of age to 6 years 5 months 30 days of age). The mental activity was assessed using the figure tables by V.Y. Anfilov assessing the number of made mistakes and number of lines run through. Every missed line was equal to one mistake made. The productivity coefficient Q was calculated as Q=c2/c+d, where с - the number of lines run through; d - the number of mistakes (mistakes were not standardized). Results. The parameters of productivity did not change significantly in 2012 compared to 1998. The number of lines run through at Anfilov’s test increased by 1.8 times (р 0.05) in children of the second group (examined in 2012), the number of mistakes made increased by 7.5 times (р 0.05). Among the girls of the second group, the number of lines run through increased by 1.6 times (р 0.05), the number of mistakes made increased by 6.3 times (р 0.05). The trend was clearer in boys, in whom the number of lines run through increased by 2.0 times (р 0.05), the number of mistakes made increased by 8.3 times (р 0.05). Conclusion. The speed of information processing has increased, and the quality of information processing has dropped in contemporary pre-school children. The overall productivity did not change.

Do Eye Movements Have a Special Importance to Mental Activity?

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Peripheral Motor ◽  
The Brain

Several areas of research are reviewed in which associations between eye movements and the nature of mental processes have been attributed to hypothesized third factors. It is suggested that a simpler hypothesis—that eye movements are related in some fundamental manner to cognitive functioning—deserves consideration. A metaphor is presented to show that the quality of information processing need not exclusively reflect processes deep inside the brain but could also be affected by peripheral motor mechanisms.

A Regional Health Care Network: eHealth.Braunschweig

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bartkiewicz ◽  
W. Bautsch ◽  
A. Gerlach ◽  
M. Goldapp ◽  
R. Haux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Care Network ◽  
Healthcare Network ◽  
Regional Health Care ◽  
Quality Of Patient Care ◽  
Health Care Network

SummaryBackground: Health care network eHealth.Braunschweig has been started in the South-East region of Lower Saxony in Germany in 2009. It composes major health care players, participants from research institutions and important local industry partners.Objectives: The objective of this paper is firstly to describe the relevant regional characteristics and distinctions of the eHealth.Braunschweig health care network and to inform about the goals and structure of eHealth.Braunschweig; secondly to picture and discuss the main concepts and domain fields which are addressed in the health care network; and finally to discuss the architectural challenges of eHealth.Braunschweig regarding the addressed domain fields and defined requirements.Methods: Based on respective literature and former conducted projects we discuss the project structure and goals of eHealth.Braunschweig, depict major domain fields and requirements gained in workshops with participants and discuss the architectural challenges as well as the architectural approach of eHealth.Braunschweig network.Results: The regional healthcare network eHealth.Braunschweig has been established in April 2009. Since then the network has grown constantly and a sufficient progress in network activities has been achieved. The main domain fields have been specified in different workshops with network participants and an architectural realization approach for the transinstitutional information system architecture in the healthcare network has been developed. However, the effects on quality of information processing and quality of patient care have not been proved yet. Systematic evaluation studies have to be done in future in order to investigate the impact of information and communication technology on the quality of information processing and the quality of patient care.Conclusions: In general, the aspects described in this paper are expected to contribute to a systematic approach for the establishment of regional health care networks with lasting and sustainable effects on patient-centered health care in a regional context.

scholarly journals Modern Information Technologies: Obstacles and Assistants in Management Decision-Making. Article Two. Opportunities

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
V. A. Shamakhov ◽  
N. M. Mezhevich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Filter Bubbles ◽  
Main Effects

The dependence of management decisions on information support is not a debatable issue for a long time. However, the changing quality of information creates both new challenges and new opportunities in the information and analytical field. The decision-making process, which would seem to be facilitated by digitalization, is actually becoming more complicated. As one of the main effects of digitalization, we note the apparent availability of information. In fact, simple facts that create an information network no longer become, moreover, they become smaller, or rather, their availability decreases. The necessary information sinks in the ocean of information noise. Echo chambers and filter bubbles exacerbate this problem. At the same time, the possibilities provided by the effects of echo cameras and information bubbles remain low.

scholarly journals Ability of Pre-school and Primary School Children to Assess the Quality of Explanations

Pedagogika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Aušra Daugirdienė ◽  
Agnė Brandišauskienė ◽  
Danguolė Endriuškienė
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Impact

Explanations about the surrounding world are of particular significance for children since it is a way for them to learn and cognise the environment. However, Legare (2014) maintains that little is known about the impact of explanations on learning. For the past decade, explanations have been one of the major themes in the studies of cognitive psychology. They aim at answering the key questions: what is the nature of the phenomenon (explanation), what is it composed of, what are its quality criteria, how is it constructed and perceived by children (Lombrozo, 2006). Hence, the aim of the current paper is to explore the ability of pre-school and primary school children to assess the quality of explanations. The aforesaid aim was posed in accordance with the methodology developed by the authors (the methodology was designed with reference to the study of Baum, Danovitch, and Keil (Baum et al., 2008). The research involved 61 children: 20 pre-school children, and 41 primary school children (21 children of the second grade, and 20 children of the fourth grade respectively). The main conclusions of this research are: – children’s ability to assess the quality of explanations increases from pre-school age to the second grade of primary school, yet at this period, it remains unchanged (from the second to fourth grade); – despite that the ability to assess the quality of explanations on familiar and unfamiliar topics differs in both age groups (pre-school and primary school), the differences are not statistically significant. It has been determined that, assessing explanation on familiar and unfamiliar topics, pre-school children and fourth grade pupils are able to distinguish circular explanations on familiar topics in a more similar way than assessing explanations on unfamiliar topics. Moreover, older primary learners are more precise in assessing explanations on familiar rather than unfamiliar topics; – the oldest children (fourth grade learners) choose a noncircular explanation as a better one more knowingly and reasonably. Meanwhile, children of pre-school age and second grade pupils cannot often point out why they have chosen a noncircular explanation; – only older children (mostly fourth grade pupils and several second grade learners) are able to recognise and identify the structure of a circular explanation. The conducted research provides insights into the ability of small children to assess the acquired information. It is noteworthy that the assessment and creation of explanations is one of the mechanisms of learning and development (Bonawitz et al., 2008; Legare, & Lombrozo, 2014). Hence, their impact is obvious: explanations give a basis for learning, whereas prior knowledge is fundamental for explanations (Williams, & Lombrozo, 2013).

scholarly journals Modern-day Russia and the problems of the “silver” generation in the digital millennium

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00026
Author(s):  
Larisa Desfonteines ◽  
Elena Korchagina
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Potential Resource ◽  
New Type ◽  
Modern Era

An important peculiarity of the future economy is principal change in the labor market structure determined by demographic factors one of which is significant increase of pension aged population. This age group becomes the key potential resource of increasing the number of employed people in all the developed and in some developing countries. Population with graying hair becomes a powerful resource for development of economy of a new type which has received a poetic name – “silver” economy. Studying the problems and prospects of developing the “silver” economy is one of the most actual scientific tasks of the modern time. The second important tendency of the modern era is vigorous development of technologies and transition to digital economy. Successful involvement in the changing labor market requires confident mastering of modern informational communicational technologies. However, this task is a certain challenge for representatives of the “silver generation”. A review of foreign studies on the problems of the influence of demographic changes at the labor market of developed countries on the structure and quality of labor force is represented in the article; a dynamics of using modern digital technologies by representatives of the “silver generation” is described; the instruments of stimulating the use of modern information technologies in older age groups are distinguished. The analysis of demographic tendencies in Russia is conducted; the necessity of involving employable representatives of older age groups in the labor market is justified. On the basis of the empirical study undertaken by the authors, the peculiarities of value orientations at work places of representatives of different age groups are distinguished and characterized, and also key psychological characteristics of representatives of the elder generations of employees as members of work collectives are described.

scholarly journals The Limitations of Decision-Making

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Paul Walton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Collaborative Activity ◽  
Good Decision ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Evolution Characteristics ◽  
Required Quality

In a world faced with technological, health and environmental change and uncertainty, decision-making is challenging. In addition, decision-making itself is becoming a collaborative activity between people and artificial intelligence. This paper analyses decision-making as a form of information processing, using the ideas of information evolution. Information evolution studies the effect of selection pressures and change on information processing and the consequent limitations of that processing. The analysis identifies underlying information evolution factors that affect the quality of information used throughout decision-making and, hence, affect the quality of decisions. These factors imply a set of challenges in which the pressures that drive useful trade-offs in a static environment also hinder decision-making of the required quality in times of change. The analysis indicates the information evolution characteristics of a good decision-making approach and establishes the theoretical basis for tools to demonstrate the information evolution limitations of decision-making.

Creativity in Adulthood and Old Age: Relations to Intelligence, Sex and Mode of Testing

1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Ruth ◽  
James E. Birren
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Technical Creativity ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Age Relations ◽  
Better Than

A total of 150 well-educated subjects 46 young persons (25-35 yrs.), 54 middle-aged persons (45-55 yrs.) and 50 old persons (65-75 yrs.) participated in a study of creativity and age. Of these, 86 were men and 64 women. The results showed that there were age differences in creativity to the disadvantage of the old. A model based on the variables, reduced speed of information processing, a lower level of complexity and a decreased willingness to risk original solutions by age, are offered as explanations. Social factors such as educational goals and methods, as well as occupational and social roles, are further considered as modifiers of creative ability throughout life. The results further indicate that an informal way of testing was beneficial for all age groups. The men performed better than the women on the two creativity tests in which answers pertaining to technical creativity were generated. Age differences were also found in intelligence connected with logical reasoning, but not connected with verbal ability.

scholarly journals WEIGHTLESS PROCESSING OF QUANTIZED SIGNAL LOAD

T-Comm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Filatov ◽  
◽  
Alexander S. Nekrasov ◽  
Irina A. Rudzit ◽  
Daria A. Kondrashova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Detection Problem ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Input Information ◽  
Information Signal ◽  
Hardware Complications ◽  
Unit Density ◽  
Required Quality

Optimal methods for processing input information signals often involve operations, implementation of which is extremely difficult and significantly increases the requirements for automated information processing systems. However, the use of various approaches to solving this problem has led to the appearance of synthesized methods for processing a sequence of signals that allow solving the detection problem with the required quality without significant hardware complications. The article considers a method for weightless processing packets of input quantized signals, which allows us to evaluate the potential (limit) quality of information processing and quantify the amount of loss of this quality when excluding certain operations. The considered method is given with a reasonable structure of implemented devices in practice. A special feature of weightless signal processing is analysis of increasing unit density in a fixed interval of close positions, which gives information about the possible presence of an information signal. To identify this factor, two logical criteria are used, such as “m out of m” and “n out of m”, which will be described in this article.

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