On the use of normal horse serum for the treatment of diphtheria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 988-989
Author(s):  
V. Aristovsky
Keyword(s):  
Horse Serum ◽  
Normal Horse Serum

The question of treating diphtheria with normal horse serum instead of antitoxic serum, which was much sensational in connection with the observations of Віlіng'a, has been repeatedly decided by both clinicians and bacteriologists in favor of antitoxic serum.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE PHOTOCHEMICAL DESPECIATION OF HORSE SERUM

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Antigenic Specificity ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Normal Horse Serum

1. Normal horse serum was irradiated for periods of 3 to 4 days, with visible light or with ultraviolet light of known intensity and wave length. The photosensitizer hematoporphyrin was employed in some instances. The serum was exposed to the air in thin layers, and thoroughly agitated throughout irradiation. 2. The irradiated sera were unchanged in color, and over 90 per cent of the original protein content remained precipitable by phosphotungstic acid. 3. Studies of the antigenicity of the sera were carried out on guinea pigs and rabbits. Fresh antigenicities of deviated specificity and of an activity of the order of 1/50th, 1/1,000th, and less than 1/20,000th that of normal horse serum were obtained. The residual content of material having the same antigenic specificity as normal horse serum was estimated as approximately equivalent in activity to dilutions of normal horse serum of 1 cc., 1/10 cc., and less than 1/100 cc. per litre respectively.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRESENCE OF A TOXIC SUBSTANCE IN THE BLOOD AND URINE OF PATIENTS WITH SCARLET FEVER

1924 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Trask ◽  
Francis G. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Local Infection ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Normal Horse Serum

A series of observations on the blood of patients acutely ill with scarlet fever has shown that a toxic substance can be demonstrated in the serum by means of intracutaneous injections of the serum in persons who have not had scarlet fever and whose serums fail to blanch the rash in scarlet fever. The reaction caused by this substance consists of a bright red local erythema, varying from 20 to 70 mm. in diameter, of 1 to 4 days duration. The severer reactions are moderately indurated and tender, and are followed bypigmentation and desquamation. Control injections in persons whose serums blanch the rash in scarlet fever cause no reaction. The toxic substance is not neutralized by mixture with a human serum which gives a negative blanching test but is readily neutralized by a human serum which gives a positive blanching test. It is not neutralized by normal horse serum, but is completely neutralized by Dochez's scarlatinal antistreptococcic serum. In a limited number of observations on the urine of patients with scarlet fever a similar toxic substance has been found in two out of five cases studied. Since the toxic substance described appears to resemble the toxic substance found in the filtrates of scarlatinal hemolytic streptococcus cultures by Dick and Dick and since it is neutralized not only by a blanching human serum but also by Dochez's scarlatinal antistreptococcic horse serum, the experiments reported support the conception that scarlet fever is a local infection of the throat by a particular type of Streptococcus hæmolyticus capable of producing a toxin which is absorbed and is the cause of the general manifestations of the disease.

scholarly journals CHEMO-IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CONJUGATED CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEINS

1937 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walther F. Goebel ◽  
Rollin D. Hotchkiss
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Normal Horse Serum ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Serum Type

1. Azoprotein antigens containing glucuronic and galacturonic acids give rise in rabbits to specific antibodies. The immune sera show no serological crossing with antigens containing glucose or galactose. 2. The galacturonic acid antigen reacts in antipneumococcus horse serum Type I in high dilutions. 3. Azoprotein antigens containing galacturonic acid, benzene sulfonic and carboxylic acids precipitate in antipneumococcus horse sera of various types but not in normal horse serum. The mechanism underlying these cross reactions is discussed.

Selection and in vitro properties of inhibitor-nonsensitive influenza A (H3N2) strains

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498
Author(s):  
J. Lecomte ◽  
A. Boudreault ◽  
V. Pavilanis
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Shell System ◽  
Normal Horse Serum ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of stable variants, nonsensitive to horse serum inhibitors, was achieved by growing influenza A (H3N2) strains, originally sensitive, in the allantois-on-shell system with incorporated normal horse serum. Most of these variants, when compared to their respective parental line, showed a greater eluting activity not related to a greater enzymatic activity. Investigation of the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes from different animal species and the thermostability of the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase did not reveal a complete correlation between these markers and resistance to horse serum inhibitors. When applied to known attenuated strains, also nonsensitive, these same markers could not be linked directly to the attenuation of these viruses for man.

scholarly journals THE PASSAGE OF MENINGOCOCCIC AGGLUTININS FROM THE BLOOD TO THE SPINAL FLUID OF THE MONKEY

1919 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold L. Amoss ◽  
Frederick Eberson
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Normal Horse Serum ◽  
Intraspinal Injection

Agglutinins for the meningococcus were not found in the spinal fluid of normal monkeys which had received antimeningococcic serum intravenously. The intraspinal injection of isotonic salt solution, normal horse serum, or a culture of living meningococci allows agglutinins for the meningococcus to pass from the blood to the spinal fluid of the passively immunized monkey; and the rate of the passage is affected by the severity of the inflammation induced in the meninges. The rates of elimination from the blood and spinal canal of meningococcic antibodies, as shown by the agglutination reaction, were compared in monkeys treated with immune serum (a) intraspinally, (b) intravenously, and (c) intraspinally and intravenously in combination. (a) When immune serum is given intraspinally the agglutinins are very much diminished after 8 hours and practically disappear at 12 hours. They appear in the blood at the 4th hour after injection and quickly diminish. (b) After intravenous injection of immune serum, when the meninges are inflamed, agglutinins appear in the spinal fluid in small amounts in about 12 hours and increase to the 25th hour. More than one-half of the agglutinins disappear from the blood within 8 hours and remain in low concentration at 25 hours. (c) After combined intraspinal and intravenous injection the agglutinins remain in higher concentration in the spinal fluid and for a longer time than by method (a) or (b). The curve descends after 12 hours, and agglutinins are present at 25 hours. They remain in maximum concentration in the blood for 25 hours.

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