scholarly journals Incidence of brucellosis in the Republic of Dagestan in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Murad Z. Shakhmardanov ◽  
Aida S. Abusueva ◽  
Vladimir V. Nikiforov ◽  
Yuri N. Tomilin ◽  
Svetlana V. Burova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Republican Center

BACKGROUND: Currently, brucellosis continues to pose a serious problem for public health and agriculture in Russia. In 2019, the number of Russian cases of bovine brucellosis increased by 14%, and the number of first-time identified poor points for small cattle brucellosis increased by 52%. Epizootics of the disease are registered mainly in North Caucasus and Southern Federal districts, and the maximum number of newly detected brucellosis in humans is recorded in the Republic of Dagestan (RD). AIMS: This study aimed to present the characteristics of brucellosis incidence in the RD in 2019 and optimization of preventive measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used state information on the incidence of brucellosis, mechanisms, ways, factors of pathogen transmission, and epidemic control activities of the infection in 2019 in the RD, provided by the S.M. Magomedov Republican Center of Infectious Diseases, Prevention and Fight Against AIDS and the Office of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance of the RD. Statistical and epidemiological research methods were applied. RESULTS: In 2019, 163 new cases of brucellosis were registered in the RD, which was 52 (+47%) cases more than those in the same period in 2018, and the number of new cases of chronic brucellosis significantly increased (p 0.05). Individuals aged 41 years were more likely to get sick, patients were predominantly men (n = 135, 82.8%), rural residents accounted for 84.2%, and 56.1% were owners of personal livestock. Brucellosis was registered in 40 territories of the RD. The incidence rate was six times higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In humans, the source of infection was sheep and goats in 58.8% and cattle in 41.2% of cases. The main factor in the persistently high incidence of brucellosis in the RD was unsatisfactory examination and specific prevention among cattle, goats, and sheep. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the epizootological and epidemiological situation of brucellosis in the RD should be considered unstable at present. With respect to the future of the brucellosis situation in the RD, the incidence of brucellosis in animals and humans will depend on the completeness of the implementation of plans for disease prevention.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-353
Author(s):  
Aizarkhanum Yu. Arslanova ◽  
Z. A. Aliskandieva ◽  
F. E. Ismailova
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic

Community-acquired pneumonia (AP) caused by infectious agents is a dangerous respiratory disease that can lead to death. This determines the relevance of the topic. Materials and methods. A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted: the analysis of the primary incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in children from 1 month of age up to 17 years. Results. The incidence of AP among children in 2014-2018 on the RD was 286.9 per 100 thousand children and adolescents. Among children aged 6 months up to 1 year, AP was detected in 599.9 per 100 thousand surveyed. The obtained data on the EAP show that this indicator throughout the country did not exceed the Russian level, as well as the level of AP morbidity in the North Caucasus Federal district. The analysis of infant mortality from respiratory diseases showed a decrease in its level from 0.5% in 2014 to 0.2% in 2018 in the whole RD, including in rural areas, there was a decrease in the mortality rate from pneumonia from 0.5% to 0.3%, in urban areas from 0.4% to 0.1% over the observed period. Conclusion. The established patterns may lead to the discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers of AP and bring us closer to its personalized therapy in children.

Housing Finance Reform: Should There Be a Government Guarantee?

2011 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Green
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Mortgage Market ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Finance Reform ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Republic

In 2007 and 2008, the mortgage market failed. It failed in a number of dimensions: Default rates rose to their highest levels since the great depression, and mortgage liquidity ground to a halt. This failure has produced recriminations: Blame has been laid at the feet of borrowers, brokers, lenders, investment banks, investors and government and quasi-government entities that guaranteed mortgages. These recent events have produced an important debate: Whether the U.S. mortgage market requires a federal guarantee in order to best serve consumers, investors and markets. My view is that such a guarantee is necessary. I will divide my argument into four areas: (1) I will argue that the United States has had a history of providing guarantees, either implicit or explicit, regardless of its professed position on the matter. This phenomenon goes back to the origins of the republic. It is in the best interest of the country to acknowledge the existence of such guarantees, and to price them appropriately before, rather than after, they become necessary. (2) I will argue that in times of economic stress, such as now, the absence of government guarantees would lead to an absence of mortgages. (3) I will argue that a purely "private" market would likely not provide a 30 year fixed rate pre-payable mortgage. I think that this is no longer a particularly controversial statement; what is more controversial is whether such a mortgage is necessary — I will argue that it is. (4) I will argue that in the absence of a federal guarantee, the price and quantity of mortgages will vary across geography. In particular, rural areas will have less access to mortgage credit that urban areas, central cities will have less access than suburbs. Condominiums already are treated less favorably than detached houses, and this difference is likely to get larger in the absence of a guarantee.

scholarly journals Quality of life of the elderly population during the virus Covid-19 pandemic with special reference to agriculturists

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1167
Author(s):  
Pavle Radanov ◽  
Ivana Lešević ◽  
Pavle Brzaković ◽  
Dragan Pajić
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Republic

In the Republic of Serbia, on March 15 th , 2020 Government decided to declare a state of emergency due to the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the measures was a movement ban for people over 65 in urban areas and those over 70 in rural areas. This research should indicate how people over 65 in urban areas have endured this situation, especially in relation to the same population in rural areas, as well as implications of the movement ban on the quality of life of the elderly population. Special importance is given to the rural population engaged in agriculture. A tool of data collection in this research was anonymous survey. Respondents' answers were statistically processed, which led to clear conclusions about the large negative consequences for the elderly population, including the agricultural activities in rural areas. Covid-19 is still present, which opens further questions related to the quality of life of the elderly population, if necessity for similar measures recurs in the future.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN REPUBLICS OF DAGESTAN

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Magomed Gimbatov
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
The Republic

The article considers the potential of Dagestan aquaculture (with trout as case study) to increase the level of social and economic development of rural areas of the republic. An economic analysis of the prospects for the development of forestry was carried out taking into account the territorial features of the Republic of Dagestan. The study shows that the socio-economic effect of the trout farming development in Dagestan can be considered as particularly significant. Its successful implementation will accelerate the solution of the following problems of the republic: - Increase of self-sufficiency of the population, fish products of own production, with fresh and high quality; - Increased consumption of fish products per capita, especially in rural areas; - Expansion of the tax base and increase of cash receipts, in the form of taxes and other payments to the budget and extrabudgetary funds at all levels; - Creation of a significant number of new jobs in rural areas and, as a result, the reduction of rural migration to urban areas; - The revival of fish processing plants; - Increased production of environmentally friendly food products in the region. The results of the study can be used in the development of the Rural Development Strategy of the region. Sustainable and large-scale development of aquaculture (fish farming) will bring the economy of the area to a higher level and make a significant contribution to improving the well-being of the rural population of the Republic of Dagestan.

scholarly journals Directions and tendencies of migration of the population into urban areas of the republic of Srpska

2021 ◽  
Vol XXII (2021) ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
Tanja Mišlicki Tomić ◽  
Vesna Rajcevic
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

This paper covers internal migrations in the Republic of Srpska, in the period 2007-2015 and their impact to urban and peri-urban development of urban areas of the Republic. Migration directions show a continuity of permanent abandonment of rural areas and settlement of urban and peri-urban areas of the Republic, also including the migrations (immigration) from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The scope of migrations has the trend of decrease as result of decrease in the rural population of the Republic of Srpska and its aging. Urban centres of the northern part of the Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka, Doboj, Bijeljina, Prijedor and Gradiška) have the largest scope of immigration, due to a number of attractive factors. In the southern part of the Republic, in the sub-Mediterranean area, the City of Trebinje is the main immigration area for the population of eastern Herzegovina, but also, more and more, for the population of the rest of the Republic of Srpska, as well for the wider regional environment. Spatial scope of research consists of eight cities in the Republic of Srpska, which defined the status of the city in the period from 1995 to 2019. Those cities are: Banjaluka, Bijeljina, Prijedor, Gradiška, Doboj, Istočno Sarajevo, Zvornik and Trebinje. The specificities in the territorial organization of the Republic of Srpska are the result of complex socio-political processes and the formation of the entity line of demarcation in post-war period (1992-1995), between the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska. Given the physiognomy of space and developmental processes, the Republic of Srpska has complex settlement function. In four urban areas, Istočno Sarajevo, Doboj, Zvornik and Trebinje, the settlements are divided by the entity line, which caused the migrations. In 2014, population migration was also affected by administrative separation of the municipality of Stanari from the Doboj city area. Due to the above mentioned, compared to other cities of the Republic, Doboj has the highest negative values of the migration balance in the observed period (2007-2016). Statistical data from the Federal Bureau of Statistics of BiH and the Republic Institute of the Republic of Srpska were used in research related to migrations, as well as other relevant statistical material produced in the period from 1991 to 2016. The key demographic indicators, internal migrations, immigration and emigration and migration balance were taken into consideration. In order to compare the research areas, data were prepared on the basis of demographic indicators. Conclusions on spatial integration of migration, as well as its direction, have been drawn based on internal migration, spatial distribution of population and change in number of inhabitants in urban and suburban settlements.

scholarly journals A community approach of pathogens and their arthropod vectors (ticks and fleas) in dogs of African Sub-Sahara

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Heylen ◽  
Michael Day ◽  
Bettina Schunack ◽  
Josephus Fourie ◽  
Michel Labuschange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Consistent Difference

Abstract Background Arthropod-borne pathogens and their vectors are present throughout Africa. They have been well-studied in livestock of sub-Saharan Africa, but poorly in companion animals. Given the socio-economic importance of companion animals, the African Small Companion Animal Network (AFSCAN), as part of the WSAVA Foundation, initiated a standardized multi-country surveillance study. Methods Macro-geographic variation in ectoparasite (ticks and fleas) and pathogen communities in dogs was assessed through molecular screening of approximately 100 infested dogs in each of six countries (Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and Namibia), both in rural and urban settings. The most important intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors within the subpopulation of infested dogs were evaluated. Results Despite the large macro-geographic variation in the dogs screened, there was no consistent difference between East and West Africa in terms of the diversity and numbers of ticks. The highest and lowest numbers of ticks were found in Nigeria and Namibia, respectively. Most often, there was a higher diversity of ticks in rural habitats than in urban habitats, although the highest diversity was observed in an urban Uganda setting. With the exception of Namibia, more fleas were collected in rural areas. We identified tick species (including Haemaphysalis spinulosa) as well as zoonotic pathogens (Coxiella burnetti, Trypanosoma spp.) that are not classically associated with companion animals. Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most abundant tick, with a preference for urban areas. Exophilic ticks, such as Haemaphysalis spp., were more often found in rural areas. Several multi-host ticks occurred in urban areas. For R. sanguineus, housing conditions and additional pets were relevant factors in terms of infestation, while for a rural tick species (Haemaphysalis elliptica), free-roaming dogs were more often infested. Tick occurrence was associated to the use of endoparasiticide, but not to the use of ectoparasiticide. The most prevalent tick-borne pathogen was Hepatozoon canis followed by Ehrlichia canis. High levels of co-parasitism were observed in all countries and habitats. Conclusions As dogs share a common environment with people, they have the potential to extend the network of pathogen transmission to humans. Our study will help epidemiologists to provide recommendations for surveillance and prevention of pathogens in dogs and humans. Graphical abstract

Povezivanje životnog okruženja dece i njihovog uključivanja u horove

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matija Jenko ◽  
◽  
Barbara Kopačin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Creative People ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Singing Activity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
At Home

Many studies have been conducted in the field of research on the stimulating domestic music environment, which show that the decision to engage children in music, in addition to internal factors in the family, can be influenced by external factors, such as the environment in which families live, too. Active inclusion of Slovenes in choirs is one of the most widespread free activities in the Republic of Slovenia, because according to the Public Fund of the Republic of Slovenia for Culture, more than 64.000 people sing in choirs. However, given that Slovenia is a very diverse country, especially in geographical terms, the mentality of people in different environments is very different, although in Slovenia creative people live in both rural and urban areas. Since in the article we discover, whether singing activity is higher in rural than in urban areas, we will define what both is and what are the characteristics of choirs in Slovenia, and then explore the differences between the above activities of parents and children in both areas. In this paper, we find that there are more active singing groups in urban areas, which include families, where both – children and parents – sing in a choir, than in rural areas, which we attribute to “rurbanization”, which blurs the boundaries between rural and urban settlements and their functions. The paper also confirms the assumption that the stimulating domestic music environment (singing at home, attending concerts with parents and parents' opinion that the stimulating musical environment offered to children at home strongly influences their participation in choirs) is related children's singing in choirs.

egional features of sensibilization of patients with pollinosis in the Republic of North Osaetia Alania

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (30) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Брциева ◽  
Zarina Brtsieva ◽  
Хутиева ◽  
Larisa Khutieva ◽  
Кцоева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Fungal Allergens ◽  
Clinical Survey ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
North Ossetia

The work presents results of a clinical survey of 440 patients with symptoms of allergic rhinitis in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The survey oncluded 272 urban residents and 168 rural residents aged 18-65. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among adults living in environmentally unfavorable urban areas turned out to be 1.3 times higher in comparison with the conventionally clean rural areas (p <0,05). Predominantly seasonal forms of the disease were revealed among both groups of patients, the prevalence in urban and rural areas amounted to 8.2% and 6.4%, respectively. The main regional etiological factors of pollinosis in the adult population are weed pollen (61.4%), meadow grass (20.9%), fungal allergens – Alternaria, Cladosporium (22.5%). Low appeal ability a hypodiagnosis of seasonal allergic rhinitis has been detected as a result of the survey ,the diagnostics methods of the pathology should be improved.

scholarly journals Comparison of the incidence of schizophrenia in rural Dumfries and Galloway and urban Camberwell

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Allardyce ◽  
J. Boydell ◽  
J. Van Os ◽  
G. Morrison ◽  
D. Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
White Population ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
South West ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Urban Rural

BackgroundBeing born or living in urban areas is associated with high rates of schizophrenia. However, few studies have compared the incidence in urban/rural areas using the same methodology.AimsTo compare service-based incidence rates for schizophrenia in rural Dumfries and Galloway in south-west Scotland with urban Camberwell in south-east London.MethodUsing Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnoses from the OPCRIT computer algorithm, we compared the incidence of schizophrenia over 12 years (1979–1984 and 1992–1997) using indirect standardisation techniques and Poisson regression modelling.ResultsThe incidence was 61% higher in urban Camberwell than in rural Dumfries and Galloway (standardised incidence ratio (SIR)= 1.61; 95% Cl=1.42–1.81). There was no difference in incidence when we compared the White population in Camberwell with Dumfries and Galloway (SIR=1.12; 95% CI=0.86–1.43).ConclusionsThe incidence of schizophrenia in urban Camberwell was higher than that in rural Dumfries and Galloway; the high incidence of non-Whites in Camberwell largely explains the urban/rural difference.

scholarly journals The Pathway Study: Commonalities Across New Food Bank Users in Rural, Suburban and Urban Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Roncarolo ◽  
G Mercille ◽  
J O'Loughlin ◽  
M Riva ◽  
M P Sylvestre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Food Banks ◽  
Household Food ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Few studies investigate long-term effects of food donation programs on food insecurity, diet, social integration or health. We describe household food insecurity (HFI), health, social integration and sociodemographic characteristics of 1003 new food banks users in rural, suburban and urban areas in Quebec, Canada. Methods Adults requesting food aid for the first time in the past 6 months were recruited in 117 food aid organizations (32 in rural, 35 in suburban, 50 in urban areas) using a nested sampling technique. Baseline data were collected from Sept 2018 to Jan 2020 in computer-assisted face-to-face interviews. Participants will be followed biennially. HFI was assessed with the 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module. Perceived physical and mental health scores were assessed with the SF12V2 module. Psychological distress and social integration were assessed with the Kessler scale K6+ and a modified version of MSPSS Scale. Differences across groups were tested with Chi square, ANOVA and post-hoc tests. Results Most participants reported high levels of materiel deprivation, with some variability across settings. Severe HFI was more prevalent in rural (51%) and urban (47%) areas than in suburbs (38%). More urban participants reported <20000 CAN$/yr (79% vs 74% in suburbs and 69% in rural) although low education level was more prevalent in rural areas (82% reported <12th grade education vs. 67% in suburban and 64% in urban areas). Psychological distress was higher in the suburbs (28%) compared to urban (21%) or rural areas (22%). No differences were detected across settings in social integration or physical or mental health scores. Conclusions New users of food banks report markedly high levels of material, social and health-related deprivation. In-depth analyses will permit more meaningful interpretation of these differences. The Pathways Study will permit better understanding of the life experience of persons requesting food assistance. Key messages People demanding food aid for the first time reported high levels of materiel deprivation, with some variability across settings. Severe housefold insecurity is around 50% among new food aid demanders in rural and urban settings.

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