scholarly journals Diversity of LPS/O-antigens of causative agents of intestinal infections in HIV-infected patients at the stage of secondary diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
E. G Korogodskaia ◽  
K. T Umbetova ◽  
O. F Belaia ◽  
A. I Mazus ◽  
Yu. V Yudina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
O Antigens ◽  
Toxic Load ◽  
Secondary Diseases

The goal was to establish the frequency of detection of LPS O antigens of common causative agents of intestinal infections in HIV-infected patients at the stage of secondary diseases. Materials and methods. The study included 48 HIV-infected patients at the stage 4A, 4Б, 4B (25 men and 23 women), without diarrhea, a mean age ofpatients was 36,78 ± 7,8 years. Stool samples (2-4 samples from patient in interval of 5-7 days) were studied for the presence of LPS/O-antigens of S.sonnei, S.flexneri 1-5, 6, Salmonella sgr. B, C1, C2, D, E, Y.pseudotuberculosis I, III, Y.enterocolitica 03, 09, Campylobacter (C.jejuni, C.coli, C.lari) in coagglutination. Results. It was found that HIV-infected patients at the stage of secondary diseases have relatively high presence of LPS/Oantigens of various pathogens - Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, in feces (72, 55%). But Campylobacter antigens were relatively rare. In stages 4A, 4Б and 4В overall detection rate of LPS/O-antigens in stool samples did not differ significantly and was 64,3%, 91,3%, 68,6%, respectively (r ≥ 0,05). Conclusion. The high content of LPS/O-antigens may increase the toxic load in patients with HIV infection, including the immune system.

scholarly journals Shiga toxin in patients with HIV infection in the presence of mono- and mixed markers of intestinal infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
E. G Korogodskaia ◽  
K. T Umbetova ◽  
O. F Belaia ◽  
Yu. V Yudina ◽  
Yu. A Belaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
O Antigens ◽  
Secondary Diseases

The goal - to study the frequency of detection and levels of Shiga toxin in the feces ofpatients with HIV infection at the stage of secondary diseases in the presence of mono and mixed O-antigens of intestinal bacteria. Materials and methods In 2012-2014 there were examined 123 patients with 4A, 4B, 4C- HIV infection, without diarrhea. The average age ofpatients accounted for 36,8 ± 7,8 years. The control group was consisted of 40 blood donors. In paired stool samples by means of the reaction of coagglutination (RCA) on slides there were tested LPS/O-antigens as markers of causal pathogens of major intestinal infections, Shiga toxin antigen and levels of IgG-immune complexes (IgG-IC in RCA on the plates) in patients with mono and mixed O-antigen in feces. Results There were established the excess of detection rate and titers of antigen Shiga toxin in stool in patients with HIV in comparison with donors, an gain of these indices in mixed infection, and a downward trend of IgG-IC levels in the feces in all cases of HIV-infection if compared with blood donors (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusion Detection of mono- and mixed-O-antigens in the feces of patients with HIV infection, an gain in titers and the frequency of the detection of Shiga toxin antigen, declined IgG-IC levels in feces indicate to pronounced intestinal dysbiosis and disturbed production of specific antibodies in patients with HIV infection at the stage of secondary diseases.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF DETECTION OF LPS O-ANTIGENS OF DIFFERENT CAUSATIVE AGENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
O. F Belaia ◽  
O. A Paevskaya ◽  
S. N Zuevskaya ◽  
E. G Korogodskaia ◽  
K. T Umbetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Control Group ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Elevated Rate ◽  
O Antigens ◽  
Antigenic Load

The aim is to determine the frequency and dynamics of detection of specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigens LPS/O-antigens of causative agents in hospitalized diarrhea patients. Materials and methods. A total of 146 hospitalized diarrhea patients were examined with the use of an immunological method of the reaction of coagglutination (RCA) for the presence of LPS O-antigens of Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter in feces as markers of major intestinal infections pathogens. The control group was consisted of 40 blood donors. Results. In acute diarrhea patients there was detected the predominance of Yersinia and Salmonella LPS O-antigens over Shigella and Campylobacter; the high frequency of intestinal bacterial mixt-infection in total (68%), as well as elevated rate incidence of Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia antigens in mixt-infections in comparison with those in monoinfections (24%). The total O-antigen "load" in patients with mixt-infection was 3 times higher than in patients with monoinfections; with the increasing of LPS/O-antigen "load" the rate of Salmonella inoculation declines. Conclusion. Under the same severity of the clinical course of the disease, the decline of Salmonella inoculation rate in cases of high antigenic "load" may indicate to the presence of the phenomenon of summation of toxic effects of LPS O-antigens when the concentration of each pathogen in the feces is insufficient (for inoculation) for bacteriological examination.

Multiple Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis That Were Associated with 16 Funerals and a Unique Caterer and Spanned 6 Days, 2011, Québec, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1582-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLETTE GAULIN ◽  
SOULYVANE NGUON ◽  
MARIE-ANDREE LEBLANC ◽  
DANIELLE RAMSAY ◽  
SOPHIE ROY
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

In January 2011, multiple acute gastroenteritis outbreaks that spanned many days and were related to attendance at funerals were reported to public health units in Quebec. An epidemiological investigation was initiated to identify the source of the contamination and to explain the extent of the contamination over time. Thirty-one cohorts of individuals attended different funerals held between 14 and 19 January. All attendees were served a cold buffet made by the same caterer. Of these 31 cohorts, 16 (with a total of about 800 people) contained individuals who reported being ill after the funeral. Symptoms were mainly diarrhea (89 to 94% of individuals), vomiting (63 to 90%,) and fever (26 to 39%), with a median incubation period of 29 to 33 h and a median duration of symptoms of 24 to 33 h, suggesting norovirus-like infection. Among the 16 cohorts, 3 were selected for cohort studies. Among those three cohorts, the mean illness rate was 68%. Associations were found between those who fell ill and those who had consumed pasta salad (relative risk [RR] = 2.4; P = 0.0022) and ham sandwiches (RR = 1.8; P = 0.0096). No food handlers reported being sick. No stool samples were provided by individuals who became ill. Environmental and food samples were all negative for causative agents. Although the causative agent was not clearly identified, this investigation raised many concerns about the importance of preventing foodborne transmission of viral gastroenteritis and generated some recommendations for management of similar outbreaks.

scholarly journals ON THE QUESTION OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF HIV-INFECTION: THE ROLE OF IMMUNE ACTIVATION IN PROGRESSION OF DISEASE

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
I. G. Mustafin ◽  
V. A. Anokhin
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Rate Of Progression ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Modern Knowledge

Hyperactivaion of immme system is considered by most investigators as importantfactor, contributing to progression of HIV-infection and development ofAIDS. In the review modern knowledge about mechanisms and results of activation of immune system during HIV-infection are presented. HIV itself, opportunistic pathogens and components of gut microbiota, first of all, endotoxins ofgram-negative bacteria are considered as probable "activators" of immune system. High levels of endotoxin and markers of immune activation are associated with an even greater rate of progression of HIV-infection.

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of Perirenal Abscess Caused by Campylobacter and Peptostreptococcus Species

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Krystal Hasel ◽  
Ahlaa Salim ◽  
Paul Adjei ◽  
Jeremy D. Gradon
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Perinephric Abscess ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Abdominal Abscesses ◽  
First Case ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Campylobacter Infection

Intra-abdominal abscesses mostly derive from the intra-abdominal viscera. Campylobacter spp. are Gram-negative rods which are known to cause oral infections but rarely have been documented to cause extra-intestinal infections resulting in abscesses. We report an atypical case of Campylobacter rectus (C. rectus) and Peptostreptococcus spp. bacteria isolated from a perinephric abscess presenting as abdominal pain. Abscesses originating from outside the gastrointestinal tract have been reported in other similar case reports infecting the head, brain, and thoracic wall amongst others. The potential source and development of such a Campylobacter infection could be due to multiple hypotheses. This is a first case report of perinephric abscess development. Studies have suggested person-to-person (fecal-oral) transmission along with insects serving as primary reservoirs. Seeding of bacteria through infections in the oral cavity or through infections in the bowel microperforations has also been considered as plausible reasons. Since C. rectus has been isolated in such rare instances, it should be kept in mind when considering differential diagnosis of potential causative agents for extra-oral infections such as invasive abscess formations.

scholarly journals Evolution during primary HIV infection does not require adaptive immune selection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Swan ◽  
Morgane Rolland ◽  
Joshua Herbeck ◽  
Joshua T Schiffer ◽  
Daniel B Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Immune Cell Population ◽  
Adaptive Immune

AbstractModern HIV research depends crucially on both viral sequencing and population measurements. To directly link mechanistic biological processes and evolutionary dynamics during HIV infection, we developed multiple within-host phylodynamic (wi-phy) models of HIV primary infection for comparative validation against viral load and evolutionary dynamics data. The most parsimonious and accurate model required no positive selection, suggesting that the host adaptive immune system reduces viral load, but does not drive observed viral evolution. Rather, random genetic drift primarily dictates fitness changes. These results hold during early infection, and even during chronic infection when selection has been observed, viral fitness distributions are not largely different from in vitro distributions that emerge without adaptive immunity. These results highlight how phylogenetic inference must consider complex viral and immune-cell population dynamics to gain accurate mechanistic insights.One sentence summaryThrough the lens of a unified population and phylodynamic model, current data show the first wave of HIV mutations are not driven by selection by the adaptive immune system.

HIV infection and immune system in genesis of coronary lesions

The Lancet ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 340 (8829) ◽  
pp. 1226-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
MichelDe Lorgeril ◽  
Pascale Boissonnat ◽  
Georges Dureau ◽  
Serge Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Coronary Lesions

scholarly journals Burden of Enteropathogens Associated Diarrheal Diseases in Children Hospital, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevan B Sherchand ◽  
Michiyo Yokoo ◽  
Ojaswee Sherchand ◽  
Arun R Pant ◽  
Osamu Nakogomi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Stool Samples

Diarrheal disease caused by bacteria, parasites or viruses continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality among young children in developing countries. Methods currently used in public health laboratories do not allow for the identification of rotavirus, Cyclospora and pathogenic E.coli infection though they represent as an etiology in large proportion of patients with diarrhea, the possibility exists that a portion of the undiagnosed illness may be attributable to one or more of the above enteropathogens. In a view to determine the causative agents of diarrhoea, the current study described the various enteropathogens associated with diarrhoea in hospitalized children. Stool samples were collected from children under 11 years of age who developed diarrhoea and were admitted to Kanti Children's Hospital between May to October 2007 and investigated in Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Health Research Laboratory; by using both the combination of microbiological and immunological tools ( EIA for rotavirus detection, standard parasitological procedure for Cyclospora and other intestinal parasites, and selective culture method and serotyping were used to differentiate the species of bacteria). A total of 440 diarrhoeal stool samples were collected and 285 (64.8%) enteropathogens were identified. The highest infection was due to intestinal parasites 104/285 (36.5%) followed by rotavirus 92/285 (32.3%); pathogenic bacteria 57/285 (20%) and Cyclospora 32/285 (11.2%). Among the pathogenic bacteria (20%) isolated, the predominant bacteria were Shigella species (36.8%); Vibrio species (26.3%); Escherichia coli (22.8%) and Salmonella species (14.03%) respectively. Various enteropthogens responsible for diarrhoea especially rotavirus, different pathogenic bacteria and Cyclospora infection, which are not examined routinely in public health laboratories, were found in significant proportion as a cause of diarrhoeal illness in children. The infection was peak in children under 2 years of age and was highest in rainy season. Key words: Burden; Diarrhea; Enteropathogens; Children; Nepal. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3830Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.71-75

Apoptosis and HIV infection: T-cells fiddle while the immune system burns

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billi Goldberg ◽  
Raphael B. Stricker
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection

scholarly journals Free Light Chains as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker of Immune System Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis and HIV Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Free Light Chains ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Pubmed Database

Introduction. Immunoglobulins are molecules composed of two heavy and two light chains. Light chains are produced by B lymphocytes during the synthesis of immunoglobulins, and physiologically light chains are generally produced in excess compared to heavy chains. Light chains that are not combined to heavy chains in a whole immunoglobulin are called free light chains (FLCs). B-cell abnormalities are associated with disorders leading to an abnormal concentration of free light chains. In this study, we focus on the described changes of serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentration of free light chains in inflammatory disorders: multiple sclerosis, HIV infection, and HIV-associated lymphomas. Methods. We performed broad research of the literature pertaining to our investigation via the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Results. It has been proven that FLC determination can provide rapid information about intrathecal inflammation in patients with multiple sclerosis. Moreover, literature data suggest that free light chain determination is the most interesting alternative for oligoclonal band analysis. In the present review, we also described that HIV-related immune system dysfunction is associated with an elevated concentration of serum-free light chains. Additionally, FLCs are potentially a strong and sensitive predictor of the risk of developing HIV-associated lymphomas. Conclusion. Based on these published findings, we suggest that free light chains have high diagnostic sensitivity, which probably enables application in laboratory diagnostics.

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