scholarly journals Clinical significance of genetic diversity of hepatitis A virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
V. P Chulanov ◽  
I. V Karandashova ◽  
N. N Pimenov ◽  
V. P Molochniy ◽  
G. S Tomilka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Alt Activity

Aim: to identify features of the clinical course of hepatitis A (HA) caused by viruses of different subtypes. Patients and methods: In the study there were included 195 patients with hepatitis A (130 males and 65 females) at the age from 15 to 72 years residing in the territories with various manifestations of the epidemic process of HA (Moscow, the Khabarovsk region, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Republic of Tajikistan and Ukraine). All patients were examined for the presence of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA in blood, with following determination of the genotype of the virus by PCR. Biochemical blood tests (concentration of total and direct bilirubin, ALT activity) were performed from 2 to 9 times depending on the duration of hospital stay and severity of infection. The dynamics of biochemical indices was evaluated in accordance with the period of the disease: the first period -from the 1 st to 10 th day, the second -from 11 th to 20 th day, the third -from the 21 st day and later. Results: A direct moderate correlation (The Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0,3; p = 0,002) between the duration of jaundice and patients ’ age has been revealed. A significant relationship was observed in the group ofpatients with subtype IIIA (r = 0,4; p = 0,003) and was absent in patients with subtype IA. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups of patients with subtypes IA and IIIA, in dependence on the duration of hospitalization, the variant of the course ofprejaundice period, severity of the course disease, duration of the persistent jaundice and symptoms of intoxication. Absolute values and the dynamics of the reduction of total and direct bilirubin, as well as the dynamics of decrease of ALT activity in groups of patients with various subtypes were not differed significantly. Cholestatic forms of HA were observed only in patients with HAV isolates belonging to subtype IIIA. Conclusion: HAV subtype has no effect on the severity of the course of the disease neither major clinical symptoms and laboratory indices in patients from different age groups. A direct correlationship between the duration ofjaundice syndrome and age in patients with subtype IIIA may indicate a trend towards the formation of cholestatic forms of HA in patients with this subtype of the virus in older age groups.

scholarly journals Current Hepatitis A Status in Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wu ◽  
Shimian Zou ◽  
Antonio Giulivi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern

Hepatitis A, caused by the hepatitis A virus, occurs most frequently in developing countries, but also causes sporadic cases or outbreaks in industrialized countries. The most common route of transmission is fecal-oral. The incidence of hepatitis A varies with geography, and economic and environmental conditions. The epidemiological pattern of the disease has changed with improvements in hygiene and economic conditions. The incidence and prevalence of hepatitis A has decreased, while the average age of exposure and subsequent infection has increased. The present report describes the current status of hepatitis A in Canada. The incidence rate of reported cases in Canada varies from over 10/100,000 (1991) to 3.6/100,000 (1998), and is higher in males, 4.7/100,000 (1998), than in females, 2.5/100,000 (1998). The highest reported hepatitis A rates are in age groups 30 to 39 years and 40 to 59 years, and in British Columbia. Such information is important for assessing current immunization approaches and for decision-making about new preventive strategies against hepatitis A in Canada.

scholarly journals Full-Length Genomic Sequence of Subgenotype IIIA Hepatitis A Virus Isolate in Republic of Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ah-Ra Lee ◽  
Sung-Geun Lee ◽  
Lae-Hyung Kang ◽  
Weon-Hwa Jheong ◽  
Soon-Young Paik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Alignment Analysis

Hepatitis A virus is known to cause acute hepatitis and has significant implications for public health throughout the world. In the Republic of Korea, the number of patients with hepatitis A virus infection has been increasing rapidly since 2006. In this study, the Kor-HAV-F strain was identified as subgenotype IIIA by RT-PCR, and its identity was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing and alignment analysis. Moreover, detailed phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Kor-HAV-F strain clustered into subgenotype IIIA, including strains isolated in Japan, Norway, and India. The entire amino acid sequence of the VP1 and 2A regions was compared with that of the reference strains isolated in various countries. We found 2 amino acid changes (T168A and L96P, resp.) in the VP1 and 2A regions, which had not been found in any other hepatitis A virus strain. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the full-length sequence of a hepatitis A virus isolated in the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Increasing incidence of hepatitis A in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Amin ◽  
LN Siddique ◽  
MA Slatter ◽  
KK Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
High Risk Population

Hepatitis A (HAV) infection is caused by the hepatitis A virus which is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Life long protective antibodies are present after infection. The number of cases of adult hepatitis A has progressively been increasing during the last several decades in Bangladesh. In addition, the pattern of age-specific seroprevalence of anti-HAV has changed with economic growth. The prevalence of anti-HAV in 20-40 year age range has declined rapidly during the last 3 decades. As a result, this age groups has a high risk for HAV infection and clinically overt hepatitis A is increasing in adolescents and adult. The aim of the present study were to assess whether the proportion of adults with acute HAV infection has been increasing over the years and analyze the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M(IgM) anti- HAV antibodies in young adults below the age of 20 years as well as in cases of chronic liver disease. Sera collected from 530 patients with acute and chronic liver disease attends the Somorita Hospital Ltd. during the previous 2 years and 6 months (Jan. 2008- Jun. 2010) were tested for various serological markers of acute and chronic hepatitis. In addition, 530 normal healthy attendants of the patients above the age of 20 years were tested for IgM anti-HAV as controls. Of 530 patients with acute hepatitis (13.42%) were positive for immunoglobulin M. The patients who were IgM anti-HAV negative were found to be hepatitis B (106 patients), hepatitis C, (10 patients), hepatitis E (150 patients) and unclassified (273 patients). Although the frequency of HAV infection among young adult (< 20 age) had increased (33.33% to 42.35%) in the 2 years and 6 months period, the frequency of HAV infection among adults had also increased (15.38% to 28.13%) during the same period. This study should be helpful for the identification of high risk population for vaccination of hepatitis A. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13065 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 309-312 2012

scholarly journals Suspected spread of hepatitis A virus from a restaurant among adults in rural area of the Kerala state, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Gurav ◽  
G. Retheesh Babu ◽  
K. P. Vinu ◽  
K. S. Lole
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
First Case ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Kerala State

AbstractIndia is experiencing a substantial decrease in early childhood exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV). Kerala has experienced several hepatitis A outbreaks in young adults/adults in the recent past. The current hepatitis outbreak occurred in Nellikuzhi, Kerala state, India in December 2016. Investigation was carried by preparing a line list of suspected hepatitis cases. The blood and stool samples collected from patients were tested for anti-HAV/anti-Hepatitis E virus (HEV) immunoglobulin (IgM) antibodies and RNA respectively. A total of 562 suspected hepatitis cases were reported during the outbreak. Along with the first case (35 years, male), 86.1% (484/562) of the cases gave history of consuming food/water/cold drinks from one restaurant. Anti-HAV IgM positivity was 74.5% (73/98) in tested samples and amongst the positives, 81% were adults/young adults and adolescents. None of the samples tested positive for anti-HEV IgM. There were three HAV associated deaths without any co-morbidity. Sequence analysis of HAV RNA positive stool samples showed the presence of genotype IIIA HAV. The suspected source of the infection was a private well situated in the premise of a restaurant. Considering increasing HAV naive population in Kerala, there is a need to introduce hepatitis A vaccine in high-risk age groups.

scholarly journals Comparative hepatitis A seroepidemiology in 10 European countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. KURKELA ◽  
R. PEBODY ◽  
G. KAFATOS ◽  
N. ANDREWS ◽  
C. BARBARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Local Laboratory

SUMMARYThe WHO recommends hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunization according to level of transmission and disease burden. We aimed to identify susceptible age groups by standardized serosurveys to inform HAV vaccination policy in participating countries: Belgium, Czech Republic, England, Finland, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Romania, and Slovakia. Each country tested national serum banks (n = 1854–6748), collected during 1996–2004, for anti-HAV antibodies. Local laboratory results were standardized to common units. Forty-one per cent of those aged <30 years and 6% of those aged ⩾30 years were susceptible to HAV in Romania; compared to 70–94% and 26–71%, respectively, elsewhere. Romania reported high HAV incidence in children and young adults. Other countries reported HAV disease primarily in older risk groups. The results suggest low level of HAV transmission in most of Europe. Romania, however, appeared as an area with intermediate transmission. Vaccination of risk groups in countries with high susceptibility of young and middle-aged adults needs to be continued.

scholarly journals Determination of enteroviruses, hepatitis A virus, bacteriophages and Escherichia coli in Adriatic Sea mussels

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Croci ◽  
D. De Medici ◽  
C. Scalfaro ◽  
A. Fiore ◽  
M. Divizia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Children in Northern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Leila Shahbaznejad ◽  
Hamed Rouhanizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Navaeifar ◽  
Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Faeze Sadat Movahedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The Mean

Objective. Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spread rapidly all over the world, infecting all age groups with this novel virus. In this manuscript, we report characteristics of children with COVID-19 in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Method. From 12 February to 28 July 2020, medical records of 100 children diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to the hospitals of Mazandaran province were collected. Patients’ age, gender, clinical symptoms, and signs, in addition to therapeutic management and outcomes, were reported. Results. 57 (57%) boys and 43 girls with the mean age of 104.63 ± 79.14 months were evaluated. 20 patients (20%) were transferred to the PICU (pediatric intensive care unit), and 13 children experienced a severe form of the disease, pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). The mean duration of hospitalization was 5.3 ± 4.7 days. Fever (81%), respiratory (79%), gastrointestinal (47%), and neurologic complaints (29%) were experienced by the patients in addition to skin rash (14%). Sixty-two patients needed supplemental oxygen, and 6 of them underwent endotracheal intubation. Leukopenia was reported in 7, anemia in 24, and thrombocytopenia in 12 patients. 4 patients with underlying diseases including chronic renal failure, Down syndrome with cerebral palsy, and morbid obesity died. Conclusion. COVID-19 can cause symptoms in children in two stages. In the first week, upper and lower respiratory symptoms can occur which has lower severity and prevalence compared to adults. But after 2-3 weeks following infection, symptoms of MIS-C or multisystem involvement can occur and COVID-19 should be considered. The most common indication for admission is fever, rash, and respiratory problems.

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