scholarly journals RESPIRATORY AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS DUE TO STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE INFECTION IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
V. V. Nikolenko ◽  
N. N. Vorobiova ◽  
L. M. Naumova ◽  
E. A Solodnikova ◽  
V. V. Bondarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Purulent Meningitis ◽  
Symptom Complex

Currently registration of community-acquired pneumonia and purulent meningitis caused by S. rneumoniae patients in HIV-positive patientsis is not carried out, there is absent the description of the clinical symptom complex. In this regard, the purpose of the work was the detection of the features of the course of pneumococcal infection with the lesion of the respiratory and nervous systems in HIV infection. A clinical and laboratory examination of 110 HIV-positive patients with community-acquired bacterialpneumonias andpurulent meningitises was performed. Community-acquiredpneumonia fulminates with the massive damage of the lung tissue, the presence ofpleural effusion, the early development of respiratory failure, decreased SaO2

Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchiectasis, and Pleural Effusion

2016 ◽  
pp. 729-732
Author(s):  
Vivek N. Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
System Control ◽  
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Alveolar Capillary

Effective functioning of the respiratory system requires 1) normal central nervous system control, 2) intact neuromuscular transmission and bellows function, 3) patent airways, and 4) normal gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary level. Respiratory failure may be caused by dysfunction at any of these levels, resulting in failure of oxygenation (hypoxemic respiratory failure) or ventilation (hypercapnic respiratory failure).

Low-grade primary central nervous system lymphoma in HIV-positive patients: report of two cases

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cantoni ◽  
P. G. Oreste ◽  
A. M. Nosari ◽  
C. Schiantarelli ◽  
M. Caroli Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Low Grade

scholarly journals Epstein-Barr Virus May Contribute to Central Nervous System Involvement in HIV-positive Individuals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Lupia ◽  
MG Milia ◽  
C Atzori ◽  
S Audagnotto ◽  
D Imperiale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Ebv Dna ◽  
Epstein Barr

AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) often accesses the central nervous system (CNS) where it may lead to blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity disruption, facilitating the migration of immune cells into brain parenchyma. Our aim was to study the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) EBV DNA and HIV-1 compartmental replication. 281 HIV-positive adults undergoing lumbar punctures for clinical reasons (excluding those with lymphoproliferative disorders) and CSF samples were examined. CSF virological, neurodamage (tau, p-tau, 1-42 beta amyloid) and immune activation (neopterin and S100beta) markers were measured by immune-enzymatic, ELISA and PCR validated methods. Two hundred eighty one patients were included; 111 (40.5 %) were naïve for antiretroviral treatment. CSF EBV DNA was detectable in 25 (21.9%) naïve and 26 (16%) treated patients at low levels (<100 and 146 copies/mL). Naïve EBV+ subjects presented higher CSF HIV RNA, biomarkers (t-tau, p-tau, neopterin) and higher rates of pleocytosis. Treated EBV+ individuals showed pleocytosis, higher CSF HIV RNA, CSF to serum albumin ratio, IgG index and neopterin. No association was observed between detectable CSF EBV DNA and the rate of CSF escape. In patients with plasma HIV RNA <20 copies/mL (n=97) CSF EBV DNA was detectable in 13 subjects (13.4%) and it was associated with pleocytosis, higher CSF HIV RNA and neopterin levels. EBV DNA was detectable in a considerable proportion of HIV-positive patients and it was associated with higher levels of CSF HIV RNA and neuronal damage/inflammation biomarkers. The role of EBV reactivation in HIV-associated CNS disorders warrant further studies.ImportanceEBV is a human gamma-herpesvirus with a seroprevalence in adults approaches 95% and the pattern of clinical manifestations is very heterogeneous and varies from asymptomatic or mild viral infection to a tightly linked with several malignancies as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Burkitt’s lymphoma. HIV-infected and immunocompetent patients were both at risk of primary infection and complications linked to EBV.Primary tropism of EBV is for lymphocytes (type B, T and NK), epithelial, endothelial and smooth muscle cells and establishes lifelong latent infection. Central nervous system could be affected by this herpesvirus in primary infection and reactivation and EBV-DNA is not an uncommon finding in CSF in HIV-infected population. The significance of our research is in identifying the presence of a link between HIV and EBV CNS replication.

scholarly journals Management of mental health disorders and central nervous system sequelae in HIV-positive children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Nassen ◽  
K Donald ◽  
K Walker ◽  
S Paruk ◽  
M Vujovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Impact

HIV-positive children and adolescents are at increased risk of both central nervous system (CNS) sequelae and mental disorders owing to a number of factors, including the impact of HIV infection on the brain, social determinants of health (e.g. poverty and orphanhood) and psychosocial stressors related to living with HIV. Every effort should be made to identify perinatally HIV-infected children and initiate them on antiretroviral therapy early in life. HIV clinicians should ideally screen for mental health and neurocognitive problems, as part of the routine monitoring of children attending antiretroviral clinics. This guideline is intended as a reference tool for HIV clinicians to support the early identification, screening and management of mental health disorders and/or CNS impairment in children and adolescents. This guideline covers mental disorders (section 1) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (section 2) among children and adolescents.  

Insights into the biomarkers of viral encephalitis from clinical patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushafa Thekra ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Zhaojun Zeng ◽  
Jiameng Sun ◽  
Haixia Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Cognitive Problems

Abstract Background Biomarkers can be helpful in identifying patients who may profit by explicit treatments or evaluating the reaction to the treatment of specific disease. Finding unique biomarkers in the process of disease could help clinicians in identifying serious disease in the early stage, so as to improve prognosis. Objective These investigations, nonetheless, have made constrained progress. Numerous infections are known to cause intense viral encephalitis (VE) in people which can cause a variable level of meningeal just as parenchymal aggravation. Initial clinical manifestations in most encephalitis are nonspecific, resembling a viral-like illness. However, with disease progression, symptoms can become quite severe and fatal, including prominent cranial hypertension, cognitive problems, cerebral hernia, and respiratory failure. Forwards The clinical and research center discoveries in huge numbers of those viral issues are to a great extent comparable and in this way increasingly explicit biomarkers for indicative and prognostic intentions are justified. These biomarkers are progressively significant in the acknowledgment and treatment of the viral central nervous system (CNS) issue. Conclusion Clinical manifestations have been the indicative approaches for analysis of viral encephalitis. Lots of studies have been endeavored to distinguish progressively objective laboratory-based quantitative CSF biomarkers for VE.

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