scholarly journals THYROID GLAND DISEASES AND FACTORS, WHICH IMPACT ON ITS POPULATION PREVALENCE

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Svetlana A Shtandel ◽  
Igor R Barilyak ◽  
Vadim V Khaziev ◽  
Irina V Gopkalova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Population Age Structure ◽  
Grave’S Disease ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Atomic Station ◽  
Thyroid Gland Cancer ◽  
Grave's Disease

As the factors which impact on the population prevalence of nodular goiter, Grave’s disease and thyroid gland cancer, iodine deficiency, remote consequences of accident on the Chernobyl atomic station, population age structure and selection in modern conditions were studied. Differential fertility indexes, diseases prevalence and population age structure official statistic data were analyzed. It has been shown, that iodine deficiency expressiveness, consequences of accident on the Chernobyl atomic station, population age structure and selection are impact on the nodular goiter, Grave’s disease and thyroid gland cancer population prevalence. 

scholarly journals Thyrolipoma: A Rare Thyroid Gland Entity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Pragya Singh ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Mittal ◽  
Sonam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Grave’S Disease ◽  
Amyloid Goiter ◽  
Grave's Disease ◽  
Thyroid Swelling

Fat-containing thyroid swellings are rare with limited differentials including lipomatous goiter, heterotopic thyroid rests, amyloid goiter, lymphocytic thyroiditis, Grave’s disease, adenolipoma, intrathyroid thymic or parathyroid lipoma, encapsulated papillary carcinoma, and liposarcoma etc. We present a case of a 60-year-old euthyroid female with a long standing thyroid swelling radiologically and pathologically diagnosed as thyrolipoma (adenolipoma). Thyrolipomas are occasionally diagnosed. However, these lesions are considered to be benign and are treated surgically.

scholarly journals Hyperthyroidism Times 2: Dual Cause of Thyroid Hormone Excess

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A935-A935
Author(s):  
Yineli Ortiz ◽  
Alegyari Figueroa Cruz ◽  
Luis Norberto Madera Marin ◽  
Gabriel Mora ◽  
Angela Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Tsh Receptor ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Decompression Surgery ◽  
Toxic Adenoma ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Grave’S Disease ◽  
Grave's Disease

Abstract The most common etiology of Hyperthyroidism is due to circulating antibodies that are directed against the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor, known as Grave’s Disease (GD). Another cause is an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule over-producing hormones or Toxic Adenoma. The mechanism of these two pathologies are very distinct, but the question that arises is, can they coexist? This is a case of 44-year-old female who comes to the clinic referred by her ophthalmologist after been diagnosed with severe thyroid-associated orbitopathy currently on steroid therapy. Thyroid ultrasound has done previously showed enlarged homogenous thyroid gland with a single isoechoic nodule of 2.2x1.6x1.9cm with faint peripheral calcifications and vascularity. The patient was presenting with palpitations, heat intolerance, sweating, and discriminatory features such as double vision and left eye exophthalmos. On physical examination, there was no goiter or palpable thyroid nodules, but it was remarkable for left eyelid lag retraction and mild proptosis. Evaluation showed clinical and biochemical hyperthyroidism with TSH: 0.068 mU/ml (n:0.5-5.0mU/ml), FT4: 1.39ng/dl (n:0.87-1.85ng/dl), TSH receptor antibody: <1.10IU/L and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin: 0.54IU/L (borderline high). The patient was placed in antithyroid drugs and B-blockers for disease control. Afterward, the patient underwent a thyroid uptake scan reporting toxic adenoma on the left lobe, however even when the biochemical workup of GD is inconclusive, patient clinical findings are highly suggestive of it. Due to the risk of worsening orbitopathy with radioactive iodine therapy, patient was referred for surgical excision of toxic adenoma and total thyroidectomy was decided since residual thyroid tissue may expose the patient to circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin leading to hyperthyroidism recurrence and put her at risk of associated thyroid excess detrimental complications. Surgical specimen gross pathology biopsy reported the thyroid gland with hyperplastic changes of Grave’s Disease. Severe thyroid-associated orbitopathy was managed with decompression surgery but did not improve, for which an alternative therapeutic approach is decided with novel immunomodulatory agent and recent approved therapy, Teprotumumab. A monoclonal antibody that works on TSHR/IGF-1R signaling complex involved in Thyroid Eye Disease. Is unusual to see two different superimposing thyroid pathologies, but disease presentations can be atypical and can be present concomitantly. In this scenario, several factors must be taken into consideration when choosing an adequate therapy approach. Our case is an example that we need to individualize management options based on guidelines recommendations, patient’s clinical settings and decreased risks of future complications.

scholarly journals A Case for Lithium Pretreatment Prior to Radioactive Iodine Ablation in Grave’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A906-A907
Author(s):  
Aditi Thakkar ◽  
Constance Lee Chen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Grave’S Disease ◽  
Grave's Disease ◽  
Radioiodide Therapy ◽  
Radioactive Iodine Ablation

Abstract Radioactive iodine ablation (RAIA) therapy with Iodine-131 (I-131) is an established treatment for grave’s thyrotoxicosis. However, there is 10 to 20% chance of treatment failure. Lithium, a drug used to treat bipolar disorder, has significant effects on thyroid function. The most clinically relevant is the inhibition of thyroid hormone release. It is also known to inhibit colloid formation, and is involved in blocking organic iodine as well as thyroid hormone release from the thyroid gland without an effect on radioiodine uptake. This leads to increased radioiodine retention in the thyroid gland. Here, we present a case which exemplifies this action of lithium. A 46 year old male with a history of atrial fibrillation and grave’s disease presented to the endocrine clinic. TSH was <0.01 and FT4 was 36. RAI uptake (RAIU) scan showed diffusely increased uptakes with 4 and 24 hour values of 61.2 and 54.6 %. He subsequently underwent RAI ablation with 18 mCi of I 131. He then presented three years later with persistent hyperthyroid symptoms. TSH <0.01 and FT4 4.3. RAIU showed 24-h thyroid uptake of 41%. Patient opted for a second treatment with RAIA and was treated with 30 millicuries of I 131. He however continued to have clinical and biochemical evidence of thyrotoxicosis and was started on methimazole (MMI). Although he was biochemically euthyroid on MMI, he continued to complain of hyperthyroid symptoms such as palpitations, tremors and weight loss. When methimazole was briefly held six months after initiation, TSH was undetectable and FT4 had increased from 0.83 to 1.42. He subsequently underwent a third RAIU off MMI which showed normal 4 and 24 hour uptake, measuring 15.7% and 28% respectively. Patient subsequently opted for third trial of RAI ablation with lithium pretreatment. He declined surgery. He was started on lithium 900mg/day for 6 days, starting on the day of RAI ablation. He underwent RAI ablation with 45 mCi I-131. Patient tolerated the procedure well with subsequent tests indicating hypothyroidism requiring levothyroxine supplementation. Patient’s hyperthyroid symptoms resolved. Several factors affect the efficacy of radioiodide therapy for hyperthyroidism including the short persistence of radioiodide in the thyroid gland. In hyperthyroid Graves’ patients, radioactive iodide uptake is enhanced due to presence of TSH receptor antibody, however, radioiodide is also rapidly discharged because of its increased turnover. Lithium can significantly reduce the release of iodine from the thyroid gland and thus increase iodine retention. There is evidence to suggest that adjuvant lithium can increase thyroidal radioiodine uptake in patients with a low baseline RAIU (< 30%). This case demonstrate that lithium can be used safely prior to RAI therapy in cases of RAI ablation failure even with low baseline RAIU.

AN IMMUNO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF THYROGLOBULIN (TG) IN THE THYROID GLAND IN GRAVE'S DISEASE

1985 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-603
Author(s):  
Iwao Nakayama ◽  
Shiro Noguchi ◽  
Hiroto Yamashita ◽  
Nobuo Murakami ◽  
Yuichi Mochizuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Grave’S Disease ◽  
Grave's Disease

scholarly journals OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HUMAN THYROID GLAND UNDER IODINE DEFICIENCY NODULAR GOITER: FROM HARMLESSNESS TO HAZARD DEPENDING ON COPPER AND IODINE SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Falfushynska ◽  
L. Gnatyshyna ◽  
A. Shulgai ◽  
V. Shidlovski ◽  
O. Stoliar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
Inorganic Iodine ◽  
High Level

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Thyroid disorders are the second most common endocrinopathies found in humans and animals. Determination of their key molecular markers presents a special interest.<br /><strong>Objective.</strong> We studied iodine and copper accumulation in nodular, paranodular and contralateral (not affected tissue by node) tissues of human thyroid gland in relation to the level of metal-binding proteins, potential antioxidants, and oxidative changes in tissue for this goal. Lower level of organificated iodine and higher level and mass fraction of inorganic iodine and copper in the nodular and paranodular tissue versus contralateral part of thyroid gland was established.<br /><strong>Results.</strong> The level of both metal-binding and apo-form of metallothioneins was higher. Content of reduced glutathione was lower in node-affected tissue compared to the contralateral part. Signs of oxidative stress (higher activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-transferase and level of oxyradicals) and cytotoxicity (higher cathepsin D activity, higher level of DNA strand breaks and glycolysis activation) in affected tissue were observed. The range of indice variability in paranodular tissue was smaller than in nodule compared to the parenchyma of contralateral part.<br /><strong>Conclusions.</strong> Excess of copper unbound to metallothionein in goitrous-changed tissue and high level of inorganic iodine could be the reason for elevated DNA fragmentation and increased lysosomal membrane permeability and activation of antioxidant defense. The main criterions of goiter formation were represented by low level of organificated iodine and high level of DNA damage in thyroid gland.</p><p><strong>KEY WORDS:</strong> iodine deficiency nodular colloidal goiter, iodine, copper, metallothioneins, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity</p>

scholarly journals IODINE DEFICIENCY AND PATHOLOGY OF THYROID GLAND AS A BACKGROUND STATE OF CANDIDIASIS OF MUCOSA OF THE UPPER PART OF DIGESTIVE TRACT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Inessa Kushnirenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
The Status ◽  
Thyroglobulin Level

There were examined 119 patients of gastroenterological profile, who, according to the results of microbiological examination of scraping from tongue and biopsy material of digestive tract and stomach, were divided into three groups: 1 group – patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis and surface candidiasis of mucous tunic, 2 group – patients with invasion of Candida fungi in mucous tunic, 3 group – patients without oropharyngeal candidiasis and without growth of fungi in biopsy material. The status of iodine provision was studied in 78 persons. The results of research revealed that at structural changes of thyroid gland the dominating position in patients with candidiasis of mucous tunic occupies the nodular goiter– 29,31% and 36,36% for 1 and 2 group respectively, whereas in 3 group the frequency of nodular goiter was 11,76%, at that hyperplasia and nodular goiter in patients with fungi invasion in mucous tunic was revealed 2,6 times more often comparing with patients without candidiasis (χ2=4,01; р<0,05). In patients with oropharyngeal and surface candidiasis and invasive candidiasis of mucous tunic of the upper part of digestive tract the hard degree of iodine nutrition deficiency with thyroglobulin level higher than 40 ng/ml was revealed in more than half of cases. At that the frequency of hard iodine deficiency at fungi invasion in mucous tunic 4,2 times higher comparing with patients without candidiasis of mucous tunic (F=0,024; р<0,05). So, the concomitant comorbid state with pathology of thyroid gland and iodine deficiency is an aggravating factor in the course of candida infection that is necessary to be taken into account at clinical monitoring of patients with candidiasis of mucous tunic of the upper part of gastrointestinal tract.

Hashimoto thyroiditis followed by Grave's disease

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Ouldkablia ◽  
Assya Cheikh ◽  
Meriem Bensalah ◽  
Yamina Aribi ◽  
Zahra Kemali
Keyword(s):  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Grave’S Disease ◽  
Grave's Disease
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