scholarly journals HOW DOES THE HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER IN BACTERIA OCCUR AND THAN IS IT TIED UP

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Sergey V Shestakov
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Gene Loss ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Ecological Diversification ◽  
Population Processes ◽  
Definition Of

Horizontal gene transfer as well as mutations, ge- nomic reorganization and gene loss is one of major driving forces of speciation and evolution of bacteria. A notion of definition of "species genome" is presented. The role of various types of mobile elements in distant gene transfer is considered. The nature of barriers for suc- cessful gene transfer on the level of molecular, cell and population processes is uncovered. A special attention is paid to the contribution of different systems of recombination. Hypothesis on the decisive role of horizontal gene transfer in genetic and ecological diversification of bacteria is discussed.

scholarly journals Adaptive Evolution of Extreme Acidophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans Potentially Driven by Horizontal Gene Transfer and Gene Loss

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Xueduan Liu ◽  
Yili Liang ◽  
Xue Guo ◽  
Yunhua Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Gene Loss ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Critical Force ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbial Genomes

ABSTRACT Recent phylogenomic analysis has suggested that three strains isolated from different copper mine tailings around the world were taxonomically affiliated with Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans. Here, we present a detailed investigation of their genomic features, particularly with respect to metabolic potentials and stress tolerance mechanisms. Comprehensive analysis of the Sulfobacillus genomes identified a core set of essential genes with specialized biological functions in the survival of acidophiles in their habitats, despite differences in their metabolic pathways. The Sulfobacillus strains also showed evidence for stress management, thereby enabling them to efficiently respond to harsh environments. Further analysis of metabolic profiles provided novel insights into the presence of genomic streamlining, highlighting the importance of gene loss as a main mechanism that potentially contributes to cellular economization. Another important evolutionary force, especially in larger genomes, is gene acquisition via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which might play a crucial role in the recruitment of novel functionalities. Also, a successful integration of genes acquired from archaeal donors appears to be an effective way of enhancing the adaptive capacity to cope with environmental changes. Taken together, the findings of this study significantly expand the spectrum of HGT and genome reduction in shaping the evolutionary history of Sulfobacillus strains. IMPORTANCE Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and gene loss are recognized as major driving forces that contribute to the adaptive evolution of microbial genomes, although their relative importance remains elusive. The findings of this study suggest that highly frequent gene turnovers within microorganisms via HGT were necessary to incur additional novel functionalities to increase the capacity of acidophiles to adapt to changing environments. Evidence also reveals a fascinating phenomenon of potential cross-kingdom HGT. Furthermore, genome streamlining may be a critical force in driving the evolution of microbial genomes. Taken together, this study provides insights into the importance of both HGT and gene loss in the evolution and diversification of bacterial genomes.

scholarly journals Horizontal Gene Transfer Involving Chloroplasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4484
Author(s):  
Ewa Filip ◽  
Lidia Skuza
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Organelle Genomes ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Cellular Compartments

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT)- is defined as the acquisition of genetic material from another organism. However, recent findings indicate a possible role of HGT in the acquisition of traits with adaptive significance, suggesting that HGT is an important driving force in the evolution of eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. It has been noted that, in eukaryotes, HGT is more prevalent than originally thought. Mitochondria and chloroplasts lost a large number of genes after their respective endosymbiotic events occurred. Even after this major content loss, organelle genomes still continue to lose their own genes. Many of these are subsequently acquired by intracellular gene transfer from the original plastid. The aim of our review was to elucidate the role of chloroplasts in the transfer of genes. This review also explores gene transfer involving mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, though recent studies indicate that chloroplast genomes are far more active in HGT as compared to these other two DNA-containing cellular compartments.

scholarly journals Monetary security: some definitions and assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-45
Author(s):  
Serhii KORABLIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Floating Exchange Rate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gradual Transformation

For almost 30 years of independence, Ukraine has experienced a number of deep economic, financial, banking, debt, currency and inflation crises. In some cases, they were extraordinary. As a result, the current real GDP of the country remains a third less than in 1990. One of the reasons for this was the unstable nature of economic recovery and currency price stabilization at the beginning of the zero years and in 2010-2013. After all, during the crises of 2008-2009 and 2014-2015, Ukraine set world anti-records due to falling its GDP up to 14.8 % and 15.8%, respectively. This was accompanied by the deep devaluation crises and the recurrence of uncontrolled inflation. In principle, the systemic relationship between the fragility of production, exchange rate and price dynamics appeared in Ukraine in the 1990s when its real GDP fell by 59%. The scale of that crisis was twice the scale of the Great Depression in the United States, accompanied by devastating devaluation and inflationary shocks. The article is devoted to the study of methodological and practical approaches to the definition of monetary security. The experience of their implementation in Ukraine is considered. The criteria of successful monetary policy applied within the neoliberal discourse are analyzed. The logic and reasons for their gradual transformation over the last 30 years are shown. The decisive role of the global crisis of 2008-2009 in the theoretical and practical changes observed in the world’s leading economies in terms of defining the goals, objectives and instruments of their monetary policy is reflected. An analysis of some outcomes of the implementation of domestic monetary strategy is given. The problematic nature of determining its priority goal is shown. The ambiguity of methods and consequences of targeted reduction of inflation in Ukraine is noted. The impossibility of maintaining its low and stable level under the conditions of free floating exchange rate of hryvnia is substantiated.

Role of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Evolution of the Plant Genome

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-314
Author(s):  
Nageswara Rao Reddy Neelapu ◽  
Malay Ranjan Mishra ◽  
Titash Dutta ◽  
Surekha Challa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Plant Genome

scholarly journals The Repertoire of Minimal Mobile Elements in the Neisseria Species and Evidence That These Are Involved in Horizontal Gene Transfer in Other Bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2802-2815 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. S. Snyder ◽  
S. McGowan ◽  
M. Rogers ◽  
E. Duro ◽  
E. O'Farrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Neisseria Species

The role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of trophic mechanisms across the eukaryotes

2009 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. S165
Author(s):  
Tom Richards ◽  
Darren M. Soanes ◽  
Peter G. Foster ◽  
Guy Leonard ◽  
Nicholas J. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer
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