scholarly journals Bract Reduction In Cruciferae: Genetic Control And Evolution

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Aleksey A Penin ◽  
Roman A Budaev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Ancestral Group ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Cruciferae Family

Оne of the characteristic features of members of the Cruciferae family is an inflorescence bearing ebracteate flowers. Bract reduction is supposed to occur once in an ancestral group. The mechanisms of genetic control and the possible role of the genes that control this process are discussed.

Budget as an Instrument of Reproduction of Bureaucracy in Russia

2006 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Yu. Shvetsov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article considers the problem of bureaucratisation of the state and the most important social and economic consequences of this phenomenon. The essence of bureaucracy has been revealed, characteristic features of its functioning in Russia have been analyzed; the material base of bureaucracy and its dominating status in the society have been substantiated. The conclusion has been made that the process of changing the role of the budget to serve the interests of bureaucracy is being accomplished.

Microbiota-Immune System Interactions in Human Neurological Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-526
Author(s):  
Qin Huang ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Di Liao ◽  
Jian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

: Recent studies implicate microbiota-brain communication as an essential factor for physiology and pathophysiology in brain function and neurodevelopment. One of the pivotal mechanisms about gut to brain communication is through the regulation and interaction of gut microbiota on the host immune system. In this review, we will discuss the role of microbiota-immune systeminteractions in human neurological disorders. The characteristic features in the development of neurological diseases include gut dysbiosis, the disturbed intestinal/Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability, the activated inflammatory response, and the changed microbial metabolites. Neurological disorders contribute to gut dysbiosis and some relevant metabolites in a top-down way. In turn, the activated immune system induced by the change of gut microbiota may deteriorate the development of neurological diseases through the disturbed gut/BBB barrier in a down-top way. Understanding the characterization and identification of microbiome-immune- brain signaling pathways will help us to yield novel therapeutic strategies by targeting the gut microbiome in neurological disease.

The Great War of the Postcards

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-568
Author(s):  
Johann Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Book Illustrations ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Great War

This article examines the functions and the significance of picture postcards during World War I, with particular reference to the war in the Ottoman Lands and the Balkans, or involving the Turkish Army in Galicia. After the principal types of Kriegspostkarten – sentimental, humorous, propaganda, and artistic postcards (Künstlerpostkarten) – have been presented, the different theatres of war (Balkans, Galicia, Middle East) and their characteristic features as they are reflected on postcards are dealt with. The piece also includes aspects such as the influence of Orientalism, the problem of fake views, and the significance and the impact of photographic postcards, portraits, and photo cards. The role of postcards in book illustrations is demonstrated using a typical example (F. C. Endres, Die Türkei (1916)). The specific features of a collection of postcards left by a German soldier who served in Turkey, Syria, and Iraq during World War I will be presented at the end of this article.

scholarly journals GluA1 Phosphorylation Alters Evoked Firing PatternIn Vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Barkóczi ◽  
Gábor Juhász ◽  
Robert G. Averkin ◽  
Imre Vörös ◽  
Petra Vertes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Temporal Coding ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Ampa Receptor Subunit ◽  
Ampa And Nmda Receptors ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Evoked Activity

AMPA and NMDA receptors convey fast synaptic transmission in the CNS. Their relative contribution to synaptic output and phosphorylation state regulate synaptic plasticity. The AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 is central in synaptic plasticity. Phosphorylation of GluA1 regulates channel properties and trafficking. The firing rate averaged over several hundred ms is used to monitor cellular input. However, plasticity requires the timing of spiking within a few ms; therefore, it is important to understand how phosphorylation governs these events. Here, we investigate whether the GluA1 phosphorylation (p-GluA1) alters the spiking patterns of CA1 cellsin vivo. The antidepressant Tianeptine was used for inducing p-GluA1, which resulted in enhanced AMPA-evoked spiking. By comparing the spiking patterns of AMPA-evoked activity with matched firing rates, we show that the spike-trains after Tianeptine application show characteristic features, distinguishing from spike-trains triggered by strong AMPA stimulation. The interspike-interval distributions are different between the two groups, suggesting that neuronal output may differ when new inputs are activated compared to increasing the gain of previously activated receptors. Furthermore, we also show that NMDA evokes spiking with different patterns to AMPA spike-trains. These results support the role of the modulation of NMDAR/AMPAR ratio and p-GluA1 in plasticity and temporal coding.

scholarly journals Participation of the Population of a Region in the Implementation of the National Projects: Retrospect and Prospect

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-515
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kranzeeva ◽  
Anna V. Orlova ◽  
Natalia V. Nyatina ◽  
Nikita N. Grigorik
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Regional Programs ◽  
Current Stage

Introduction. Russia’s National Projects focus on integrated interagency interactions between state and public participants. They accumulate various areas of social and political development of the territory. Mainstreaming the participation of the population in achieving the goals set consolidates and adjusts the vectors of change set by the National Projects. The purpose of the paper is to present a comprehensive analysis of the participation of the population in the implementation of the National Projects in a region on the basis of the study conducted, taking into account the characteristic features of the territory and the relevant forms of participation of local communities in accomplishing the stated tasks. Materials and Methods. The results of the “Kuzbass-Politics” monitoring initiative studies conducted in 2006 and 2018 were used as the materials for the analysis of this topic as well as the data of sociological surveys and reports on the implementation of the National Projects in Russia in 2019. To substantiate the implementation of the National Projects in the region, the method of systemic, structural and functional analysis was used. Results. The participation of the population in the implementation of the National Projects in a region has been analyzed using the example of the Kemerovo Region. The authors have studied the existing experience of implementation of the National Projects in 2005–2007 and compared it with that of the current stage (2019–2024). The materials of the secondary analysis have shown that the content of the new National Projects is in line with the needs of the population in matters of improving their living arrangements; however, many people are distanced from the National Projects, which is expressed in the lack of awareness and limited participation. The authors point out that the implementation of the National Projects in a region can be carried out in a consolidated manner or have multidirectional vectors of application of the activity and resource potentials of the population. Discussion and Conclusion. The interaction between the authorities and the population is a dialogue in which the interests of the parties are reconciled in order to achieve a common goal. The lack of taking into account the active role of the population in the implementation of socially significant results affects the quality of the development and the conditions for the implementation of the National Projects. The results of the study can contribute to the development of regional programs and activities aimed at increasing people’s participation in the implementation of the National Projects.

scholarly journals A study of product strategy priorities at the small enterprises of the North-Alföld Region

2009 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Zoltán Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Product Positioning ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
The North ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Characteristic Features

Through a non-representative sample of the small enterprises of the North-Alföld Region, this paper studies the product strategic priorities enabling us to make a detailed typology of smallenterprises. According to the relevant technical literature, the types of small enterprises have typical strategic priorities. Obviously, each group can be characterised with certain strategicpriorities, which are sharply distinct from each other. These priority features are shown in the form of characteristic features in the enterprise’s marketing activities, market behaviour (product policy, innovation attitude, technology, price policy). This paper studies the enterprises of the sample through the role of production technology, material quality, low price and branding endeavours affecting product positioning.

scholarly journals Targeting Kca3.1 Channels in Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (S3) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Inhibitor Binding ◽  
Aggressive Cancer ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Attractive Therapeutic Target ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

The Kca3.1 channels, previously designated as IK1 or SK4 channels and encoded by the KCNN4 gene, are activated by a rise of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. These K+ channels are widely expressed in many organs and involved in many pathologies. In particular, Kca3.1 channels have been studied intensively in the context of cancer. They are not only a marker and a valid prognostic tool for cancer patients, but have an important share in driving cancer progression. Their function is required for many characteristic features of the aggressive cancer cell behavior such as migration, invasion and metastasis as well as proliferation and therapy resistance. In the context of cancer, another property of Kca3.1 is now emerging. These channels can be a target for novel small molecule-based imaging probes, as it has been validated in case of fluorescently labeled senicapoc-derivatives. The aim of this review is (i) to give an overview on the role of Kca3.1 channels in cancer progression and in shaping the cancer microenvironment, (ii) discuss the potential of using Kca3.1 targeting drugs for cancer imaging, (iii) and highlight the possibility of combining molecular dynamics simulations to image inhibitor binding to Kca3.1 channels in order to provide a deeper understanding of Kca3.1 channel pharmacology. Alltogether, Kca3.1 is an attractive therapeutic target so that senicapoc, originally developed for the treatment of sickle cell anemia, should be repurposed for the treatment of cancer patients.

Depression, Anhedonia, and Psychomotor Symptoms: The Role of Dopaminergic Neurocircuitry

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Psychomotor Symptoms ◽  
Affective Disturbances ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTThe heterogeneity of major depression suggests that multiple neurocircuits and neurochemicals are involved in its pathogenesis. Anhedonia and psychomotor symptoms are, however, particularly characteristic features of major depression and may provide insights into its underlying psychobiology. Importantly, these symptoms appear to be mediated by dopaminergic mesolimbic and mesostriatal projections, the function of which is, in turn, influenced by key gene variants and environment stressors. Indeed, there is growing evidence of the way in which the dopaminergic system is associated with cognitive-affective disturbances in depression, and provides a useful target for therapeutic interventions. At the same time, a range of other systems are likely to contribute to the psychobiology of this condition.

Open Access Initiatives and Institutional Repositories

2015 ◽  
pp. 208-228
Author(s):  
Naseehath S.
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Characteristic Features

This chapter gives an over view of Open access initiatives and institutional repositories. It emphasizes the emergence and development of open access initiatives from various international declarations up to its present stage. Definitions, types, characteristic features and impact of open access on various sectors are discussed. Open access initiatives in India are briefly included. DOAJ and other global organizations are taken in to discussion with their recent events. Objectives of Institutional repositories are given with an emphasis on institutional repositories in India. It throws light on DOAR and ROAR. Types of institutional repositories and softwares used to create them are also discussed. Earlier and latest institutional repositories in India are listed in tables. Major Indian institutional repositories with their software used are also in the table form. Role of librarians and libraries on open access and institutional repositories are also included followed by a conclusion for the whole chapter.

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