scholarly journals The assessment of the genetic structure of bush snail (Fruticicola fruticum) populations based on the nonspecific esterases loci

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Eduard A. Snegin ◽  
Elena A. Snegina ◽  
Olesya Yu. Artemchuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russian Upland ◽  
Parametric Statistics

Using the polymorphic esterases loci, the genetic structure of the gastropod mollusk Fruticicola (Bradybaena) fruticum Мll., most of which lives in the south of the Central Russian Upland, was studied. For comparison, the samples were taken from the Romania, the North Caucasus, the Ural and the Vyatka regions. A total of the 1668 individuals were investigated. Of the 28 studied populations in 11 (39.3%), there was significant shortage of the heterozygotes. The level of the expected heterozygosity fluctuated in the range He = 0.1160.454. Using the non-parametric statistics (Chao1-bc method and 1st order jackknife method), the populations with potentially high and low diversity of the multilocus genotypes were identified. The indicators of the genetic disunity between populations averaged st = 0.276, Fst = 0.292. The principal component analysis and the Mantel correlation criterion Rм = 0.007 showed the absence of a reliable relationship between the geographical and genetic distance between populations, which indicates a violation of the isolation model by distance and confirms the thesis put forward by us that the urbanized forest-steppe landscape disrupts the natural migration processes, leads to the strong isolation and the genetic drift in the snail populations. At the same time, the phenomenon of increasing the degree of division of the populations against the background of reduced the allelic diversity, noted by us in many groups of bush snails, can be regarded as a shift in genetic equilibrium towards an increase in the interpopupulation diversity (according to the Wright model). The revealed absence of the effect of isolation by distance can be a consequence of the action of the stabilizing natural selection. The assumption of the dependence of the esterase alleles frequencies in the bush snail populations on the genetic (biochemical) characteristics of the food objects was proposed. The effective size, calculated using the Slatkin formula turned out to be comparable with the background, adventive and relict species of the terrestrial mollusks living in the study area (Ne = 2.27.6).

scholarly journals Genetic structure and dispersal patterns of the invasive psocid Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) in Australian grain storage systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Mikac ◽  
N.N. FitzSimmons
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Population Comparisons ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractMicrosatellite markers were used to investigate the genetic structure among invasive L. decolor populations from Australia and a single international population from Kansas, USA to determine patterns of dispersal. Six variable microsatellites displayed an average of 2.5–4.2 alleles per locus per population. Observed (HO) heterozygosity ranged from 0.12–0.65 per locus within populations; but, in 13 of 36 tests, HO was less than expected. Despite low levels of allelic diversity, genetic structure estimated as θ was significant for all pairwise comparisons between populations (θ=0.05–0.23). Due to suspected null alleles at four loci, ENA (excluding null alleles) corrected FST estimates were calculated overall and for pairwise population comparisons. The ENA-corrected FST values (0.02–0.10) revealed significant overall genetic structure, but none of the pairwise values were significantly different from zero. A Mantel test of isolation by distance indicated no relationship between genetic structure and geographic distance among all populations (r2=0.12, P=0.18) and for Australian populations only (r2=0.19, P=0.44), suggesting that IBD does not describe the pattern of gene flow among populations. This study supports a hypothesis of long distance dispersal by L. decolor at moderate to potentially high levels.

Population genetic structure of the Gulf of St. Lawrence aster, Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Asteraceae), a threatened coastal endemic

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Heard ◽  
Linley K. Jesson ◽  
Kirby Tulk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Magdalen Islands

The Gulf of St. Lawrence aster ( Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Fernald) G.L. Nesom) is an endemic annual of saline habitats in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is listed as a threatened species, and has recently experienced population declines in much of its range. We used 11 allozyme markers to assay population genetic variation in six wild populations of S. laurentianum from the Magdalen Islands, Quebec (QC), the only remaining wild population from Prince Edward Island National Park (PEI), and a greenhouse population founded in 1999 with seed collected from PEI. Symphyotrichum laurentianum harbours moderate genetic diversity (Ps = 0.36, As = 1.54), with only modest spatial genetic structure (pairwise FST < 0.15) and no significant isolation by distance. The PEI population had greatly reduced allelic diversity compared with the populations from the Magdalen Islands, which likely act as a reservoir of genetic variation in S. laurentianum. Recent loss of alleles during population decline in PEI is suggested by the retention of greater allelic diversity in the greenhouse population. Estimates of breeding structure suggest small but nonzero rates of outcross pollination (FIS = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.48–0.97; outcrossing rate ∼16%). Population genetic structure in S. laurentianum can inform those forming and carrying out conservation and recovery plans for this threatened species.

scholarly journals Implications of Genetic Structure for Aquaculture and Cultivar Translocation of the Kelp Ecklonia radiata in Northern New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Nepper-Davidsen ◽  
Marie Magnusson ◽  
Christopher R. K. Glasson ◽  
Philip M. Ross ◽  
Rebecca J. Lawton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Ecklonia Radiata ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Clustering ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity ◽  
High Degree

The fast expansion of the global seaweed aquaculture industry has created an interest in translocating seedlings cultivated from wild type brood stock. However, such translocations must be applied with caution as introduced cultivars can reduce genetic structure and diversity of wild populations. An understanding of the genetic structure and connectivity of target species is required to guide decision making around aquaculture translocation activities. In this study we used 14 microsatellite loci in a three-level hierarchical sampling design to analyze the genetic structure and connectivity of the native kelp Ecklonia radiata across 12 sites among four geographic regions (Northland, Bay of Plenty, Gisborne, and Wellington) in the North Island of New Zealand. Our aim was to provide guidance for translocation of cultivars to prevent the introduction of locally absent genotypes of E. radiata. Strong genetic structure and low geneflow were observed at all hierarchical levels, indicating the presence of multiple genetically distinct sub-populations. On a regional scale, high genetic differentiation was found between the Wellington region and the other three regions (FST = 0.407–0.545), and within regions most sites were significantly different (measured by pairwise FST) with high relatedness found between individuals within sites (mean 28.2% ± 0.7 SE). Bayesian modeling and redundancy analysis showed a high degree of genetic clustering and indicate that ocean currents and other factors that have resulted in biogeographical breaks along the coast are likely to be the main factors shaping genetic structure and connectivity of E. radiata on the North Island, rather than isolation by distance. Based on these findings, we recommend that that cultivars of E. radiata should not be translocated outside their area of origin to avoid introducing locally absent genotypes to local sub-populations.

Genetic structure of Pyrenophora teres populations determined with random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobin L. Peever ◽  
Michael G. Milgroom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
German Population ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Gametic Disequilibrium ◽  
The North

The genetic structure of Pyrenophora teres, an ascomycete fungus that causes net blotch of barley, was examined using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Twenty-seven random oligonucleotide primers were screened against DNA from 16 isolates of P. teres of diverse geographic origin. Five primers gave scorable, reproducible DNA products (bands) suitable for population genetic studies. Genetic analyses of bands produced by two of the primers revealed single locus segregation in three of four crosses, indicating that these RAPDs can be interpreted as alleles at genetic loci. Allele frequencies were determined for 10 putative RAPD loci from five primers in 22–35 isolates of P. teres sampled from each of five geographically separated populations in Canada, Germany, and the U.S.A. Eight RAPD loci were polymorphic in at least one population and two loci were monomorphic in all five populations. Variation in allele frequencies (allelic diversity) among the five populations was partitioned into within- and among-population components using Nei's GST. A GST value of 0.46 was obtained among all populations indicating that approximately 46% of the total genetic variability detected was due to differentation among populations compared with 54% within populations. A GST value of 0.33 was obtained among the North American populations only. From five to nine multilocus genotypes were found in each population. Nine genotypes occurred exclusively in the German population and four exclusively in the New York population. The other populations had one or two unique genotypes. Gametic disequilibrium values (nonrandom associations of RAPD loci) were calculated among all pairs of polymorphic loci within each population. Eleven of 49 values were significantly different from 0 (P < 0.05); 8 of the 11 significant gametic disequilibrium values occurred in the New York population. Highly significant gametic disequilibrium was detected between the same two RAPD loci in three different populations, suggesting that these loci are genetically linked. Two different multilocus analyses revealed that the genetic structures of the Alberta, North Dakota, and German populations but not the New York population were consistent with random sexual reproduction occurring in these populations. Key words: polymerase chain reaction, population genetics, fungi, genetic differentiation.

scholarly journals Methodology of geoinformation mapping of natural recreational resources of the North Caucasus for tourism development

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-415
Author(s):  
Rakim Mahmudov ◽  
Natalia Verozub ◽  
Vitaly Proskurin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Components ◽  
Recreational Resources

The relationship of natural components with the organization of tourism as a type of economic activity is shown. Recommendations are formulated on the selection of indicators of natural components to be assessed when planning the organization of recreational activities. The assessment of natural resources by the methods of constructing mathematical-cartographic models. Evaluation of each parameter was both functional and aesthetic parameters. The biological diversity of vegetation was calculated by identifying polygon heights and slope exposures according to SRTM data. The relief analysis was carried out according to two parameters: absolute altitudes above sea level and the nature of dissection. The calculation of the absolute heights is prepared by the method of constructing a cartogram by analyzing the quantitative value of points. The calculation of the terrain relief is prepared by the method of constructing a cartogram by calculating the sum of the distances of isolines in the polygon. Cartograms of the density of the river network, the area and the number of water bodies were constructed. The numerical data of the natural components forming the recreational potential of the territory are obtained. An integral assessment of the North Caucasus on the availability and use of natural and recreational resources by adding the numerical values of the individual components in the aisles of the minimum territorial unit is carried out. As a result of the work by geoinformation methods, the zones of the greatest and smallest concentration of natural resources for the organization of tourist activity were determined. In the Western Caucasus, the zones of the highest concentration of natural resources (4, 5 points) for the organization of tourism are located within the Black Sea and Azov coasts in the Greater Sochi region, as well as the southern tip of the Republic of Adygea located on the spurs of a rocky ridge. The lowest mark (1, 2 points) was received by the northern regions of the Krasnodar Territory, located in the steppe, forest-steppe zones, subject to agricultural development and extensive land cultivation. Within the Central Caucasus, the zones with the highest rating are located in the foothills of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, in the mid-mountain areas within the Lateral and Rocky Ranges. On the territory of the Eastern Caucasus, zones with a rating of 4, 5 points are located within the Bogos and Samur ranges. Broad-leaved forests prevail on this territory, turning into subalpine meadows with rich species diversity.

scholarly journals How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmae Kandoussi ◽  
Bouabid Badaoui ◽  
Ismaïl Boujenane ◽  
Mohammed Piro ◽  
Daniel Petit
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Small Population ◽  
The West ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Middle Atlas

Abstract Background Based on the relatively homogeneous origin of the sheep breeds in Morocco that originate mainly from Iberia, it is highly relevant to address the question of how these very diverse sheep populations differentiated from each other. The Mountains of the High Atlas and Middle Atlas are expected to constitute North–South and West–East geographical barriers, respectively, which could have shaped the history of the differentiation of sheep breeds. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by considering the genetic structure and the spatial distribution of five major breeds (Sardi, Timahdite, Beni Guil, Boujaad and D’man) and one minor breed (Blanche de Montagne), by analysing the mtDNA control region, using 30 individuals per breed. Results Phylogenetic and network analyses did not indicate any clear separation among the studied breeds and discriminant component principal analysis showed some overlap between them, which indicates a common genetic background. The calculated pairwise FST values and Nei’s genetic distances revealed that most breeds showed a moderate genetic differentiation. The lowest and highest degrees of differentiation were retrieved in the Beni Guil and Boujaad breeds, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that more than 95% of the genetic diversity occurs within individuals, while between- and within-population variabilities represent only 1.332% and 2.881%, respectively. Isolation-by-distance, spatial Principal Component Analysis (sPCA), and spatial AMOVA analyses evidenced clear examples of geographical structuration among the breeds, both between and within breeds. However, several enigmatic relationships remain, which suggest the occurrence of complex events leading to breed differentiation. Conclusions The approaches used here resulted in a convergent view on the hypothetic events that could have led to the progressive differentiation between the Moroccan breeds. The major split seems to be linked to the West–East barrier of the Middle Atlas, whereas the influence of the High Atlas is less obvious and incompletely resolved. The study of additional breeds that have settled near the High Atlas should clarify the relationships between the breeds of the West part of the country, in spite of their small population size.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of the herd by genes GDF9, GH, CAST in merino sheep of the North Caucasus region of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 677 (5) ◽  
pp. 052113
Author(s):  
N V Shirokova ◽  
A Yu Kolosov ◽  
Yu A Kolosov ◽  
L V Getmantseva ◽  
N F Bakoev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Materials for the ecological-geographical analysis of Kuznetsov Mountain (Samara Region) vascular plants flora

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Yulia Vladimirovna Makarova ◽  
Aleksey Alekseevich Golovlyov ◽  
Nataliya Vladimirovna Prokhorova
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Geographical Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Adventitious Species ◽  
Aconitum Septentrionale ◽  
Geographical Elements ◽  
Pass Through

According to the results of the ecological-geographical analysis, the aboriginal fraction of the vascular plant flora of Kuznetsov Mountain (Samara Region) is presented Eurasian (74,8% of species from the composition of the aboriginal fraction), Pluriregional (14,5%) and European (10,7%) geographical elements. The largest number of species have Eurasian (32,2%), European-West Asian (14,4%), Holarctic (12,1%), Euro-Siberian (10,3%), European (8,8%) and European-West Siberian (8,4%) longitude areal types. The latitudinal component of the areal is dominated by plurizonal (36,9% of the natural fraction of the flora), boreal-nemoral (21,5%), forest-steppe (15,4%) and nemoral (12,1%) plant species. The adventive fraction of flora is mainly formed by species of the Mediterranean, the North American (28,3% each of the composition of the adventive fraction) and the Iranian-Turanian (24,5%) origin. The current geographical distribution of a significant part of the adventitious species is associated with Holarctic (30,2%), Eurasian (22,6%), Hemicosmopolitan (17,0%) and European-West Asian (11,3%) areals. The endemic species ( Crataegus volgensis Pojark.) and 8 relict species [ Anemone altaica Fisch. ex C.A. Mey., Bupleurum aureum (Hoffm.) Fisch. ex Hoffm., Laser trilobum (L.) Borkh., Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem., Geranium robertianum L., Caragana frutex (L.) C. Koch, Aconitum septentrionale Koelle, Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv.] have been identified in the flora of the vascular plants of Mountain Kuznetsov. The boundaries of the areals of 7 flora species [ Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro, Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth, Aconitum septentrionale Koelle, Crataegus volgensis Pojark., Bupleurum aureum (Hoffm.) Fisch. ex Hoffm., Campanula latifolia L., Anemone altaica Fisch. ex C.A. Mey.], represented on Mountain Kuznetsov, pass through the territory of the Samara Region.

scholarly journals Agrobiological Assessment of Varieties and Some Methods of Growing Garlic in the Forest-steppe Zone of the Republic of Ingushetia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B B Galaev ◽  
M A Bazgiev ◽  
K Sh Badurgova ◽  
I A Gutseriev ◽  
M Kh Gandarov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
The North ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Republic

Increasing production and improving the quality of garlic products is an important production problem. Under the conditions of the vertical zonality of the North Caucasus with varying agroecological conditions, the yield of this crop largely depends on the technology of cultivation and the level of its intensity. Important factors determining the yield and quality of garlic products are varieties adapted to these agro-climatic conditions, quality planting material, cultivation technology that meets the requirements of the crop and the agro-climatic conditions of the region. Currently, the potential productivity of the varieties used in the republic is realized only by 30-40 percent. This is due to the insufficient development of technologies for their cultivation, taking into account the specific environmental conditions of the region. In this regard, research aimed at studying the basic laws of the formation of yield and product quality varieties of garlic is a pressing issue.

scholarly journals Хромосомный набор, распространение, численность и биотопическая приуроченность каменной куницы (Martes foina nehringi Satunin, 1905) на Северном Кавказе

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
R.I. Dzuev ◽  
◽  
R.K. Sabanova ◽  
A.A. Evgazhukova ◽  
E.Z. Irugova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Stone Marten ◽  
Altitudinal Belt ◽  
The North ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Mountain Landscapes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

This paper describes for the first time the chromosome set of stone marten in the North Caucasus from two disconnected points. The karyotype did not show polymorphism, both in number and morphology of autosomes and heterochromosomes. In a double set contains 38 chromosomes. In addition, new data on distribution based on the cadastral map, which is compiled on karyologically dated material, taking into account the altitudinal-belt structure of mountain landscapes, is presented. Also, new materials on the dynamics of numbers taking into account the habitat, as well as current trends of anthropogenic changes in the structure of the stone marten habitat in the northern macro slope of the Central Caucasus. The study showed that stone marten is a very plastic species and can inhabit the territory of the northern macro slope of the Central Caucasus and that, in the presence of food and suitable shelters in almost all biotopes, including anthropogenic. The number of stone marten in the study area is highest in the forest-steppe and subalpine zones.

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