scholarly journals Characterization and identification of naturally transgenic species Linaria vulgaris pathogenic mycromycetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Sofia V. Sokornova ◽  
Elena L. Gasich ◽  
Victoria D. Bemova ◽  
Tatiana V. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phoma Herbarum

In nature there are species containing homologs of T-DNA genes of agrobacteria (сT-DNA) in their genomes. Such plants are called naturally transgenic ones. Interaction with the microbiota is one of the possible functions of cT-DNA, discussed in the literature. Linaria plants are the most suitable for the investigation of the probable ecological role of T-DNA, since they widely spread. The first stage in the evaluation of plant-microbial interactions involving these plants is the description of isolates with contrasting virulence for toadflax. The search and DNA-barcoding of such isolates of Phoma-like fungi was the goal of this work. 14 strains isolated from the plants of the families Plantaginaceae and Scrophullariaceae were analyzed. The of multilocus analysis included amplification and sequencing of internal transcribed spacers, a large subunit of RNA, a tubulin gene. Based on molecular data, 9 strains were assigned to the species Boeremia exigua, which has a wide range of habitats and a wide specialization. Strains of this species were virulent against L. vulgaris, but differed in aggressiveness with respect to this plant. Thus, a collection of strains was characterized, which can later be used for a more detailed study of the immune response of the naturally-transgenic L. vulgaris plant in response to inoculation with the B. exigua phytopathogen. As a result of the work, we identified the narrow host range fungi Heterophoma novae-verbascicola, and broad host range pathogens Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Phoma herbarum and Trichothecium roseum. Among them, only P. cucumerina was a weak pathogen of L. vulgaris. These results confirm the early data on the depleted mycobiota of L. vulgaris.

scholarly journals Revealing biophysical properties of KfrA-type proteins as a novel class of cytoskeletal, coiled-coil plasmid-encoded proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adamczyk ◽  
E. Lewicka ◽  
R. Szatkowska ◽  
H. Nieznanska ◽  
J. Ludwiczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Dna Binding Sites ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background DNA binding KfrA-type proteins of broad-host-range bacterial plasmids belonging to IncP-1 and IncU incompatibility groups are characterized by globular N-terminal head domains and long alpha-helical coiled-coil tails. They have been shown to act as transcriptional auto-regulators. Results This study was focused on two members of the growing family of KfrA-type proteins encoded by the broad-host-range plasmids, R751 of IncP-1β and RA3 of IncU groups. Comparative in vitro and in silico studies on KfrAR751 and KfrARA3 confirmed their similar biophysical properties despite low conservation of the amino acid sequences. They form a wide range of oligomeric forms in vitro and, in the presence of their cognate DNA binding sites, they polymerize into the higher order filaments visualized as “threads” by negative staining electron microscopy. The studies revealed also temperature-dependent changes in the coiled-coil segment of KfrA proteins that is involved in the stabilization of dimers required for DNA interactions. Conclusion KfrAR751 and KfrARA3 are structural homologues. We postulate that KfrA type proteins have moonlighting activity. They not only act as transcriptional auto-regulators but form cytoskeletal structures, which might facilitate plasmid DNA delivery and positioning in the cells before cell division, involving thermal energy.

scholarly journals Isolation of the Novel Phage PHB09 and Its Potential Use against the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Yanxi Liu ◽  
Mengjiao Liu ◽  
Ran Hu ◽  
Jun Bai ◽  
Xiaoqing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence Analysis

Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect target bacteria. Recently, bacteriophages have been considered potential biological control agents for bacterial pathogens due to their host specificity. Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a reemerging pathogen that causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.). The economic impact of this pest and the development of resistance to antibiotics and copper sprays in Psa and other pathovars have led to investigation of alternative management strategies. Phage therapy may be a useful alternative to conventional treatments for controlling Psa infections. Although the efficacy of bacteriophage φ6 was evaluated for the control of Psa, the characteristics of other DNA bacteriophages infecting Psa remain unclear. In this study, the PHB09 lytic bacteriophage specific to Psa was isolated from kiwifruit orchard soil. Extensive host range testing using Psa isolated from kiwifruit orchards and other Pseudomonas strains showed PHB09 has a narrow host range. It remained stable over a wide range of temperatures (4–50 °C) and pH values (pH 3–11) and maintained stability for 50 min under ultraviolet irradiation. Complete genome sequence analysis indicated PHB09 might belong to a new myovirus genus in Caudoviricetes. Its genome contains a total of 94,844 bp and 186 predicted genes associated with phage structure, packaging, host lysis, DNA manipulation, transcription, and additional functions. The isolation and identification of PHB09 enrich the research on Pseudomonas phages and provide a promising biocontrol agent against kiwifruit bacterial canker.

scholarly journals A65 Characterization of endolysin gene of bacteriophages infecting Listeria spp. isolated from dairy industry wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanco Fernández ◽  
M E Barrios ◽  
R V Cammarata ◽  
C Torres ◽  
V A Mbayed
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Abstract Bacteriophages and their endolysins, enzymes that degrade the cell walls of bacteria, are emerging as alternative tools to detect and inhibit growth of pathogen bacteria. Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis, a serious invasive disease that affects both humans and a wide range of animals. Listeria spp. are ubiquitous in the dairy farm environment and could be present in dairy-processing plants and wastewater. All Listeria-specific bacteriophages found to date are members of the Caudovirales, of the Siphoviridae or Myoviridae families. Myophages infecting Listeria have been recently classified by the ICTV in the Spounavirinae subfamily, as well as in the P100 virus genus. The aim of this work was to isolate Listeria spp. bacteriophages and their endolysin codifying genes from wastewater of a dairy industry. Wastewater with and without treatment was sampled during the course of a year, and isolation of bacteriophages was performed after an enrichment step using as hosts L. innocua, L. ivanovii, and L. monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b. Bacteriophages infecting L. innocua and L. ivanovii were isolated (n = 24) from 3 out of 12 samples. Bacteriophages were purified, and the host range was determined using spot test and EOP against five collection strains and several field isolates of Listeria spp. Two bacteriophages of narrow and broad host range, vB_Lino_VEfB7, and vB_Liva_VAfA18, were selected for further characterization. High titer stocks of bacteriophages were purified by centrifugation with ammonium acetate, and morphological information on the purified bacteriophages was obtained by negative staining and transmission electronic microscopy. Their morphology, size, and contractile tails indicated that these bacteriophages belonged to the Myoviridae family. Bacteriophage genomes were extracted using phenol-chloroform, followed by ethanol precipitation, and tested by digestion with RNAsa A and DNAse I. RFLP was performed, digesting genomes with restriction enzymes HindIII and NcoI. Consistent with the morphological findings, bacteriophages contained dsDNA genomes but showed different RFLP patterns. A PCR designed to amplify conserved domains of endolysins—PGRP and CwlA—was applied to characterize this gene. Another PCR was designed to amplify the complete endolysin gene, and the complete sequence of this gene was obtained and analyzed. Substitution model selection and a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the endolysin gene was carried out using IQ-Tree software. The sequences of the endolysin gene indicated that the codified enzyme is an N-acetyl-muramoyl-L-alanine amidase, related to A511 and P100 species of the recently described P100virus genus. Further evolutionary analyses are needed to evaluate their belonging to this species or their taxonomy within this genus.

On tropical mistletoes: tractable models for evolutionary ecology, ecosystem function, and phytochemistry

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Wide Range

In 2001, I synthesised published information on mistletoe–animal interactions, demonstrating the pervasive influence these hemiparasites have on community composition and proposing that mistletoes represent keystone resources. Although the review was global in scope, I noted “Tropical regions, in particular, are underrepresented in the mistletoe literature, and it is unclear if mistletoe is as important in structuring these highly diverse ecosystems as in less diverse temperate areas”. Since then, research on tropical mistletoes has burgeoned, as a growing number of researchers use these forest and woodland hemiparasites to address a wide range of ecological and evolutionary questions. In this commentary, I highlight some recent findings, revisit and refine some emergent inferences, and suggest that tropical mistletoes offer many opportunities for further research, representing tractable models to address many unanswered questions in the life sciences. As well as reinforcing the role of mistletoes as facilitators for plant communities and keystone resources for animal assemblages, research on mistletoe pollination, seed dispersal, and host-range, challenge the established views about the ecological maintenance and evolutionary trajectory of specialization.

scholarly journals Emergence and Dissemination of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Producing CTX-M-1-Like Enzymes in Spain Are Associated with IncFII (CTX-M-15) and Broad-Host-Range (CTX-M-1, -3, and -32) Plasmids

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 796-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Novais ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
Raquel Moreira ◽  
Luísa Peixe ◽  
Fernando Baquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Narrow Host Range

ABSTRACT The spread of CTX-M-1-like enzymes in Spain is associated with particular plasmids of broad-host-range IncN (bla CTX-M-32, bla CTX-M-1), IncL/M (bla CTX-M-1), and IncA/C2 (bla CTX-M-3) or narrow-host-range IncFII (bla CTX-M-15). The identical genetic surroundings of bla CTX-M-32 and bla CTX-M-1 and their locations on related 40-kb IncN plasmids indicate the in vivo evolution of this element.

Limits to the host range of the highly polyphagous tephritid fruit fly Anastrepha ludens in its natural habitat

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Birke ◽  
E. Acosta ◽  
M. Aluja
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractAnastepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a highly polyphagous fruit fly that is able to develop in a wide range of hosts. Understanding the limits of this pest's host range could provide valuable information for pest management and plant breeding for pest resistance. Previous studies have shown that guavas (Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) L.), are not attacked under natural conditions by A. ludens. To understand this phenomenon, guavas were exposed to natural infestation by A. ludens and to other fruit fly species that infest guavas in nature (Anastrepha striata Schiner, Anastepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastepha obliqua (Macquart)). Once the susceptible phenological stage of guavas was determined, fruit infestation levels were compared between A. ludens and A. striata. Choice and non-choice tests were performed under field-cage conditions. Under field conditions, guavas were susceptible to A. striata and A. fraterculus attack all the way from when fruit was undeveloped to when fruit began to ripen. No infestation by A. ludens was recorded under natural conditions. Similar results were obtained when forced exposures were performed, indicating that unripe guavas were preferred by A. striata over ripe fruit, and that infestation rates were higher at early fruit maturity stages. Under forced oviposition conditions, A. ludens larvae were unable to develop in unripe guavas but did so in fully ripe fruit. However, A. ludens fitness parameters were dramatically affected, exhibiting reduced survival and reduced pupal weight compared to conspecifics that developed in a natural host, grapefruit. We confirm that P. guajava should not be treated as a natural host of this pestiferous species, and suggest that both behavioral aspects and the fact that larvae are unable to adequately develop in this fruit, indeed represent clear limits to A. ludens's broad host range.

Role of the N-terminal region and of β-sheet residue Thr29 on the activity of the ω2 global regulator from the broad-host range Streptococcus pyogenes plasmid pSM19035

2005 ◽  
Vol 386 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Welfle ◽  
Florencia Pratto ◽  
Rolf Misselwitz ◽  
Joachim Behlke ◽  
Juan C. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Global Regulator ◽  
Β Sheet

AbstractThe dimeric regulatory protein wild-type ω (wt ω

scholarly journals Pathological Characterization and Molecular Analysis of Elsinoe Isolates Causing Scab Diseases of Citrus in Jeju Island in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-W. Hyun ◽  
L. W. Timmer ◽  
S.-C. Lee ◽  
S.-H. Yun ◽  
S.-W. Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Differential Hosts ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Two scab diseases are recognized currently on citrus: (i) citrus scab caused by Elsinoe fawcettii, which has several pathotypes; and (ii) sweet orange scab caused by E. australis. Pathogenicity and cultural characteristics among 36 isolates collected from Jeju Island were investigated. Of 30 isolates from satsuma mandarin, yuzu, and kinkoji, all were E. fawcettii; 27 were similar to the Florida broad host range pathotype and 3 were similar to the Florida narrow host range pathotype by inoculation of differential hosts. Six isolates from natsudaidai were nonpathogenic to satsuma mandarin, rough lemon, sour orange, grapefruit, cleopatra mandarin, and natsudaidai leaves, and were only pathogenic to natsudaidai fruit. Isolates from natsudaidai usually produced unique tomentose colonies on potato dextrose agar compared with isolates from other citrus species. The colonies were relatively fast growing, radially sulcate, larger, and more expansive than the gummy, mucoid colonies of other isolates. Isolates from Florida, Australia, Argentina, and Jeju Island (Korea) were genetically differentiated using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. E. fawcettii from Korea, Florida, and Australia, E. australis from Argentina, and natsudaidai isolates clustered closely within groups, but were clearly distinguishable among groups.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Fungi Causing Thread Blight Diseases on Cacao in Ghana

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3033-3042
Author(s):  
Ishmael Amoako-Attah ◽  
Ali S. Shahin ◽  
M. Catherine Aime ◽  
George T. Odamtten ◽  
Eric Cornelius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Hair Type ◽  
Horse Hair ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Ribosomal Repeat

Theobroma cacao (chocolate tree) is currently under serious threat from thread blight disease (TBD), which has been attributed to the causal agent Marasmiellus scandens in other regions of the world. TBD in Ghana has similar symptomology but variable signs. This study sought to determine whether TBD in Ghana was caused by a single agent and whether Marasmiellus scandens was a significant agent of TBD. Forty-eight isolates were collected from eight geographical locations in Ghana for morphological and molecular characterization. Disease signs occurred as vegetative rhizomorphs or hyphal aggregates, which were classified into five morphotypes: A, abundant thin, black, “horse hair”-type rhizomorphs; B, scattered brown rhizomorphs; C, whitish to brownish-white; D, faint cream or dull white; and E, aggregates of shiny or silky white hyphae. Sequencing and analyses of three loci—the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal repeat, nuclear large subunit, and mitochondrial small subunit—detected four species, all members of the Marasmiaceae, causing TBD-like disease. These were identified as Marasmius crinis-equi (morphotype A), Marasmius tenuissimus (morphotypes B and C), Marasmiellus palmivorus (morphotype E), and Marasmiellus scandens (morphotype D). Marasmius tenuissimus, the most frequently isolated TBD fungus in this study, is primarily an Asian fungus and not previously associated with diseases of cacao. Marasmiellus palmivorus, the second most frequently isolated fungus, is a pan-tropical pathogen with a broad host range; this is the first report of the fungus causing TBD on cacao. Marasmius crinis-equi also has a broad pan-tropical distribution and host range and causes thread blight on several tropical tree crops. Surprisingly, Marasmiellus scandens, the most frequently cited agent of TBD in cacao, made up only 8% of the isolates.

scholarly journals Role of the parCBA Operon of the Broad-Host-Range Plasmid RK2 in Stable Plasmid Maintenance

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (22) ◽  
pp. 6023-6030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla L. Easter ◽  
Helmut Schwab ◽  
Donald R. Helinski
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Plasmid Stability ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Stable Maintenance ◽  
Plasmid Stabilization ◽  
Plasmid Rk2

ABSTRACT The par region of the stably maintained broad-host-range plasmid RK2 is organized as two divergent operons,parCBA and parDE, and a cis-acting site. parDE encodes a postsegregational killing system, andparCBA encodes a resolvase (ParA), a nuclease (ParB), and a protein of unknown function (ParC). The present study was undertaken to further delineate the role of the parCBA region in the stable maintenance of RK2 by first introducing precise deletions in the three genes and then assessing the abilities of the different constructs to stabilize RK2 in three strains of Escherichia coli and two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The intact parCBA operon was effective in stabilizing a conjugation-defective RK2 derivative in E. coli MC1061K and RR1 but was relatively ineffective in E. coli MV10Δlac. In the two strains in which the parCBA operon was effective, deletions in parB, parC, or bothparB and parC caused an approximately twofold reduction in the stabilizing ability of the operon, while a deletion in the parA gene resulted in a much greater loss ofparCBA activity. For P. aeruginosaPAO1161Rifr, the parCBA operon provided little if any plasmid stability, but for P. aeruginosaPAC452Rifr, the RK2 plasmid was stabilized to a substantial extent by parCBA. With this latter strain, parAand res alone were sufficient for stabilization. Thecer resolvase system of plasmid ColE1 and theloxP/Cre system of plasmid P1 were tested in comparison with the parCBA operon. We found that, not unlike what was previously observed with MC1061K, cer failed to stabilize the RK2 plasmid with par deletions in strain MV10Δlac, but this multimer resolution system was effective in stabilizing the plasmid in strain RR1. The loxP/Cre system, on the other hand, was very effective in stabilizing the plasmid in all threeE. coli strains. These observations indicate that theparA gene, along with its res site, exhibits a significant level of plasmid stabilization in the absence of theparC and parB genes but that in at least oneE. coli strain, all three genes are required for maximum stabilization. It cannot be determined from these results whether or not the stabilization effects seen with parCBA or thecer and loxP/Cre systems are strictly due to a reduction in the level of RK2 dimers and an increase in the number of plasmid monomer units or if these systems play a role in a more complex process of plasmid stabilization that requires as an essential step the resolution of plasmid dimers.

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