scholarly journals Peculiarities of choromosomal polymorphism Glyptotendipes glaucus meigen, 1818 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from lake Chaika of the national park “Curonian spit”

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Evgeniya A. Kalinina ◽  
Natalya V. Vinokurova
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Mapping ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Curonian Spit ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Glyptotendipes Glaucus

Background. The genus Glyptotendipes includes widespread species of chironomids with the largest phytophilous larvae, which constitute a large percentage of the total biomass of invertebrates. Glyptotendipes glaucus (Meigen, 1818) is the dominant species of chironomids in Lake Chaika of the National Park “Curonian Spit”. Materials and methods. The material of the study included 51 Glyptotendipes glaucus fourth – instar larvae collected in Lake Chaika of the National Park “Curonian Spit”. Larvae were fixed in Carnoy’s liquid (ethanol : glacial acetic acid = 3 : 1) at the collection site. The slides of polytene chromosomes from salivary glands of the larvae were prepared according to the standard aceto – orsein technique. Chromosome mapping was carried out according to Belyanina and Durnova (1998). Results. The level of inversion polymorphism for given populations was determined. Two new inversion sequences glaD6 and glaD7 were detected and localized. Ectopic contact type of T-T between the chromosome G(IV) and the arm of F(III), as well as the monomorphy of the chromosome III(EF) Glyptotendipes glaucus were first identified in the Kaliningrad region. The value of the ratio of the number of inversion sequences to the number of genomic combinations corresponded to its level for previously studied reservoirs in Kaliningrad city. Conclusion. The prevalence of the inversion sequences glaA2, glaA3, glaB2 glaB3, glaB4, glaB6, glaC3, glaD2, glaD3, glaD5, glaG4 in chromosomes I(AB), II(CD) and IV(G) Glyptotendipes glaucus of Lake Chaika indicates the greatest variability and dynamism of this parts of the genome of the species.

scholarly journals Karyotype and inversion polymorphism of natural populations Glyptotendipes glaucus (meigen), 1818 (diptera, chironomidae) from the small reservoirs of Kaliningrad

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia V Vinokurova ◽  
Evgeniya A Kalinina ◽  
Edgar E Stol’
Keyword(s):  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Inversion Polymorphism ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Glyptotendipes Glaucus

Background. A larvae of family Chironomidae are the most mass and widespread species of macrozoobenthos and play an important role in the lives of almost all types of reservoirs. They constitute a convenient model in the analysis of anthropogenic influences. Besides, chironomids have the largest polytene chromosomes in nature that allow carrying out cytogenetic analysis of the impact of various toxic substances on chromosomal aberrations. Materials and methods. The karyotype and chromosomal inversion polymorphism one of the species phytophilic chironomids Glyptotendipes glaucus (Meigen, 1818) from five reservoirs of Kaliningrad (ponds Chistyi and Mel’nichnyi, system of ponds Karasevka, lakes Pen’kovoe and Shkol’noe) was studied. Cytological mapping of chromosomes was performed by system of Belyanina and Durnova (1998). Results. The levels of natural inversion polymorphism for each populations were determined. Comparison of inversion polymorphism with early data for Saratov, Bryansk and Kaliningrad regions was carried. The preservation of tendencies of distribution and prevalence gomo-and heterozygotic inversions of glaB1.2, glaB2.2 and also consolidation in the karyofund of populations sequence glaA2 in the heterozygous state in ponds Karasevka and Chistyi was observed. The characteristic for an earlier research of populations Glyptotendipes glaucus of Kaliningrad the presence inversion sequences glaG4 and glaD2 is retained. The level of inversion polymorphism for reservoirs of Kaliningrad has decreased and has approached nearer to data for Bryansk and Saratov regions. Conclusion. Based on these results we can offer a working hypothesis of a direct dependence of value of chromosomal polymorphism on the level of pollution of reservoirs ions of heavy metals (Kaliningrad), long-living radionuclides (Bryansk region), nitrates and ions of ammoniac nitrogen (Saratov region).

scholarly journals Standing crops of dominant combretum species at three browsing levels in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Dayton
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Combretum Apiculatum ◽  
Different Levels

In red bushwillow veld near the Sand River in the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, a determination was made of the standing crops of Combretum apiculatum and C. zeyheri at browsing levels delineated by the maximum feeding heights of impala (1,5 m), kudu (2,5 m) and giraffe (5,5 m). Using harvested sample trees, logarithmic or linear regression equations were generated which related basal diameter or stem height to biomass or percentage of total biomass at the different levels. Biomass was divided into two components: current shoots and wood plus bark. Regression forms and variables which produced the highest correlation coefficients changed with changes in species or browsing level, however, most equations were logarithmic with basal diameter as the independent variable.

scholarly journals Prey species and prey selection of dholes at three different sites in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
KHWANRUTAI CHARASPET ◽  
Ronglarp - Sukmasuang ◽  
NORASET KHOEWSREE ◽  
MANANYA PLA-ARD ◽  
YUWALUK CHANACHAI
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Khao Yai National Park ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Charaspet K, Sukmasuang R, Khoewsree N, Pla-ard M, Chanachai Y. 2020. Prey species and prey selection of dholes at three different sites in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 5248-5262. The study of prey species and prey selection of Dholes at 3 different sites was conducted at Khao Yai National Park, Salak Pra, and Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries from 2013 to 2020. Information on Dhole prey at the sites was collected from the residues of dhole scats, from which the selection index, the relative biomass of the prey, and the relative amounts of the consumed prey were calculated. The data were collected simultaneously with the use of camera traps at each site. The study revealed that there were 13 species of Dhole prey with body weight over 5 kg. The result indicated that there were 7 species of even-toed ungulates. The relative biomass of even-toed ungulates ranged between 76.78 - 90.50% of the total biomass of all the Dholes’ consumed prey for all study sites. The dietary diversity index unveiled a similar index in all areas, which proved the adequacy of the analyzed scats. However, the Niche breadth index, which indicates the relevance of prey selection and prey species to the appearances of the prey at each site, was found to be high at Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Khao Yai National Park, while the index was found to be low at Salak Pra Wildlife Sanctuary. The results revealed that Dholes consumed viverrid species and Malayan porcupine more often at the site where there were large carnivores. The recommendation from this study was the conservation and restoration of the ungulate populations, the main prey, as it greatly affects the conservation of the Dhole populations in Thailand.  Grassland and salt lick sites, water sources improvements are also important to promote prey population. The conservation of wildlife prey by releasing them to nature, as currently conducted, has an effect on the increase of Dholes’ prey species.

Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 3102-3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona F. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
European Species ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Banding ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons

The polytene chromosomes of four closely related Eusimulium (Roubaud) morphospecies from Europe have been examined. These are Eusimulium vernum (Macquart), E. costatum (Friedrichs), E. cryophilum (Rubtzov), and E. carpathicum (Knoz). Interspecific comparisons indicate that vernum and costatum are homosequential in chromosomal banding pattern; however, costatum does differ from vernum in possessing a conspicuous chromocenter. Both species may have B chromosomes, but these are not identical. Three kinds of vernum populations are found: pure X0Y0 (with undifferentiated X and Y chromosomes), pure X0Y1 (with males heterozygous for IIS-1 ve), and mixed X0Y0/X0Y1 populations. Only two European vernum cytotypes are indicated. Eusimulium cryophilum and E. carpathicum share a suite of autosomal polymorphisms as well as a fixed paracentric (IL-2) and a fixed pericentric (IIIP-1) inversion with respect to the vernum "Knebworth" standard. They differ from one another by three fixed inversions (IIS-1, IIIS-3, and IIIS-4). It is argued that at least two siblings, cryophilum A and cryophilum B, exist within cryophilum s.l. Sections 86B and 91C in the long arm of chromosome III appear to be extremely labile for breakage and reunion phenomena because several tandem or near-tandem inversions occur in this area. A cytophylogeny of the taxa under study is presented.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Education Programmes of Protected Areas and Possibilities of Using Them in Nonformal Learning

Pedagogika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Asta Klimienė ◽  
Ramutis Klimas
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Cultural Competency ◽  
National Park ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Local School ◽  
Curonian Spit ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interest In Science

The learning in non-traditional environment can help to identify attractive activities, gain for each necessary social, and cultural competency. Non-formal education can help solve many problems in protected areas. In mostly all protected areas in Lithuania are educational activities – and this is one of aim of this institutions and also one of the educational components. Recently, but both the pupils and the public interest in science education has decreased. The protected areas organized various educational activities but by the research data 29 % respondents are not visited protected areas and not interested in them. The analysis of proposed educational activities in protected areas and opinions of the respondents, it is noted that the most popular educational activity in Lithuania is the tour (51.3 %). But sometimes the tour is called education. Only the Curonian Spit National Park carried out a study educational project with a local school, and only in Samogitia (Žemaitija) National park is the eco-education center.

scholarly journals Into the great wide open: do alien plants spread from rivers to dry savanna in the Kruger National Park?

NeoBiota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Petr Pyšek ◽  
Martin Hejda ◽  
Jan Čuda ◽  
Guin Zambatis ◽  
Klára Pyšková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Tridax Procumbens

Protected areas play an important role as refuges from invasive species impacts on biodiversity. Within the MOSAIK (Monitoring Savanna Biodiversity in the Kruger National Park) project, plant species were recorded in a representative set of 60 plots, 50 × 50 m in size, across the entire KNP, distributed so as to cover a range of savanna habitats, i.e. perennial rivers, seasonal rivers and dry crests, and two main bedrock types (granite and basalt). The data were used to assess the role of rivers in the dispersal of alien plants and study whether the alien plant species spread from rivers to open dry savanna. The resulting dataset provided the first thorough information on the spatial distribution of naturalised alien plants in KNP. In total, we recorded 20 plant species that are alien to the park, four of them considered invasive: Parthenium hysterophorus, Opuntia stricta, Xanthium strumarium and Zinnia peruviana. The most widespread species in KNP was Tridax procumbens, recorded in 11 plots (i.e. 18% of all sampled), four other species were found in > 10% of the plots. One species, Bidens bipinnata, was not previously reported from the park and represents a new record. The majority of aliens were concentrated along perennial rivers (60% of all occurrences), but some were repeatedly recorded at seasonal rivers as well and two of the most invasive species in KNP, Opuntia stricta and Parthenium hysterophorus, occurred also on dry crests away from water. The average number of alien species per plot was low (1.6), as was their mean percentage contribution to all species in a plot (2.2%), but some plots harboured as many as seven species and contributed up to 11.9%. Moreover, only 21 plots (35%) were alien-species free. In terms of the total species number per habitat, perennial rivers had significantly more aliens than crests and were marginally significantly richer than seasonal rivers. By recording all naturalised alien species occurring in the plots – many of them are not invasive but may become so in the future – and by using the GloNAF database of global distribution of naturalised species, we assessed the invasion potential of the recorded species.

scholarly journals Phasmomantella gen. nov., a spectacular new genus of praying mantis from southern Central Vietnam (Mantodea, Mantidae, Deroplatyinae, Euchomenellini)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier H.C. Vermeersch
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Praying Mantis ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Southern Central

The new genus Phasmomantella gen. nov. is created to accommodate the new species P. nuichuana gen. et sp. nov. described from five adult females from Núi Chúa National Park in southern Central Vietnam. A second species, Phasmomantella pallida (Roy, 2001) gen. et comb. nov., is transferred from Euchomenella where it was originally described based on a single male specimen from the Nha Trang region in the Khánh Hòa Province. Phasmomantella gen. nov. is placed in the tribe Euchomenellini of the subfamily Deroplatyinae. A comprehensive diagnosis and detailed descriptions are presented along with high-resolution photographs, measurements and a distribution map. The standardised measurements are illustrated and a new key is proposed for the tribe Euchomenellini. The unique biogeography and habitats of the collection site within Núi Chúa National Park are discussed in the light of possible endemism and importance for nature conservation.

The Hadeninae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2380 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL G. POGUE
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
National Park ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Smoky Mountains ◽  
Elevational Range ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Fifty-two species of Hadeninae are recorded from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina, USA. Of the six hadenine tribes, five are present in the Park. They include 13 species of Orthosiini, one species of Tholerini, ten species of Hadenini, nine species of Leucaniini, and 19 species of Eriopygini. A total of 160 localities were collected across the Park. The three most diverse localities in the Park were Purchase Knob with 44 species, Big Cove Road with 32 species, and Foothills Parkway with 24 species. The most widespread species in the Park was Pseudorthodes vecors from 59 localities. The most abundant species was Polia detracta with 210 specimens. Images of adults, description/diagnosis, flight period, collected localities, abundance, elevational range, general distribution, and larval hosts are presented for each species.

scholarly journals Carbon Value Analysis of Batang Gadis National Park, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 08010
Author(s):  
Dini Novalanty Ohara Daulay ◽  
Jafron Wasiq Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
National Park ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
The World

Global warming is an important issue in the world which it gives a negative effect on human life. One indicator of global warming is increasing greenhouse gas i.e. carbondioxide from human activities. Deforestation and forest degradation are the second largest contributor of carbon into the atmosphere, after the use of fossil fuels by industry and transportation. As lungs of the world, forest is enable to produce renewable energy sources i.e. biomass. Forest carbon stock in above ground biomass (AGB) is the greatest effect source on deforestation and forest degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a study the potential of carbon in forest. The purpose of this research is to determine carbon stock value in Batang Gadis National Park, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The carbon potential stored in this forest vegetation is calculated using AGB allometric equation by using data in diameter at breast height (dbh = 1.3 m), height, and density of the wood for trees. Data obtained from secondary data is Asset Assessment Report which State Controlled Forest Natural Resources Batang Gadis National Park, 2016. Study locations were Pagar Gunung and Sopo Tinjak Villages. Carbon stock values were calculated and analyzed with assumption that a half of biomass part is carbon stock which using Australian carbon price about AUD $ 11.82 Australia (Australian dollars) and EU € 5 (US $ 6). The results showed that the total biomass in Pagar Gunung and Sopo Tinjak Villages amounted to 259.83 tonnes and 160.89 tonnes. From the results of the total biomass, the total carbon stocks (C) and CO2 stocks in both villages are 210.36 tonnes (129.92 tonnes in Pagar Gunung Village and 80.45 tonnes in Sopo Tinjak Village) and 772.03 tonnes (476.79 tonnes in Pagar Gunung Village and 295.24 tonnes in Sopo Tinjak Village). By using the carbon price prevailing in the market place Australia Emission Trading System (ETS) and the EU ETS (AUD $ 11.82/t CO2e and € 5 (US $ 6)/t CO2e), the value of carbon stock that can be produced from Batang Gadis National Park (Pagar Gunung and Sopo Tinjak Villages) is about Rp. 92,499,921.72 (in AUD $) or Rp. 61,654,433.67 (in US $).

scholarly journals Hiperdominansi Jenis dan Biomassa Pohon di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Andes Hamuraby Rozak ◽  
Sri Astutik ◽  
Zaenal Mutaqien ◽  
Didik Widyatmoko ◽  
Endah Sulistyawati
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Average Biomass ◽  
Schima Wallichii

Hiperdominansi jenis dan biomassa adalah suatu konsep yang menjelaskan pentingnya sebagian kecil jenis dan biomassa relatif terhadap rata-rata biomassa pohon pada suatu kawasan hutan. Pemahaman pada konsep ini berimplikasi pada upaya monitoring kawasan hutan khususnya bagi spesies penyumbang biomassa terbesar dan membantu pemahaman pada proses restorasi ekologinya. Analisis hiperdominansi jenis dan kontribusi pohon besar (DBH>50 cm) terhadap biomassa pohon telah dilakukan di kawasan hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP). Sejumlah 26 plot pengamatan telah dibuat pada 26 level ketinggian yang berbeda (1013-3010 m dpl) dan dikelompokkan menjadi tiga zona yaitu zona submontana, montana, dan subalpine. Pohon-pohon yang terdapat dalam plot pengamatan kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok diameter yaitu pohon kecil (5-30 cm), pohon sedang (30-50 cm), dan pohon besar (>50 cm). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hiperdominansi jenis terjadi di hutan TNGGP. Empat jenis pohon dari 114 jenis yang teridentifikasi yaitu Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, dan Castanopsis acuminatissima merepresentasikan 56,96% dari total biomassa pohon yang ada di plot TNGGP. Lebih lanjut, pohon kecil dan besar diketahui sebagai penyumbang biomassa yang sangat signifikan dibandingkan pohon sedang. Pada level plot penelitian, pohon dengan DBH>50 cm yang berjumlah 192 individu (atau 13%) dari 1471 individu pohon mampu merepresentasikan 61,4% dari total biomassanya. Namun demikian, pada level kawasan hutan, pohon kecil dan pohon besar memiliki kontribusi yang sama signifikannya terhadap biomassa per hektarnya yaitu masing-masing sebesar 40,9% dan 38,77%. Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hanya sedikit jenis pohon saja mampu merepresentasikan sebagian besar dari total biomassa pohon. Pohon-pohon kecil dan besar diketahui memainkan peranan yang penting dalam biomassa di hutan TNGGP.Hyperdominance of Tree Species and Biomass in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, IndonesiaAbstractThe hyperdominance of tree species and biomass is a concept explaining the importance of a small portion of species and biomass relative to the average of biomass in a forested area. Understanding this concept has important implication on forest monitoring, especially to monitor the most significant species that show high contributes on biomass and its ecological restoration. Hyperdominance analysis of tree species and large trees (DBH > 50 cm) contribution to tree biomass were investigated in tropical mountain forest of Mount Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP). A total of 26 sample plots were installed in 26 different altitude between 1013 and 3010 m asl and grouped into three zones i.e. submontane, montane, and subalpine zones. Trees within plot were identified, measured, and grouped into three groups i.e. small (DBH 5-30 cm), medium (DBH 30-50 cm), and large trees (DBH>50 cm). The result showed that there were hyperdominant in TNGGP. Four species from 114 identified tree species i.e. Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, and Castanopsis acuminatissima represented 56.96% of the total biomass in the plot level. Furthermore, only 13% of trees from 1471 trees responsible for 61.4% of the total tree biomass in the plot level. However, small and large trees have similar significant contribution to the average biomass in the forest level i.e. 40.9% and 38.77%, respectively. These results suggest that only few species represent a huge amount of biomass. Both small and large trees play important role in the forest biomass of TNGGP.

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