scholarly journals Variability of cytogenetic disturbances in Lonicera caerulea (blue honeysuckle) population in an active fault zone

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Irina G Boyarskikh ◽  
Alena I Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Abnormal Mitoses ◽  
Blue Honeysuckle

Background. In active fault zones, geophysical and geochemical anomalies may have a genotoxic effect on plants growing there, as one of the factors of evolutionary transformation of plant populations. Materials and methods. We applied a cytogenetic analysis to evaluate the genotoxic effect on a Lonicera caerulea L. (blue honeysuckle) natural population in one of the active fault zones in the Altai Mountains. Results. We derived principal cytogenetic indices (i.e., mitotic, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase indices as well as proportion and range of abnormal mitoses) for meristematic cells of Lonicera caerulea seedlings. The increase in the mitotic activity of meristematic cells from the sites in the local fault zone is connected with the occurrence of the prophase-metaphase block to prevent consequences of an increased cell death (as a result of abnormal mitoses in these phases) and to compensate their losses by a greater number of divisions. We observed the increase in the proportion of abnormal mitoses in samples from almost all the test sites, compared with the control site. This demonstrates the increase in the genotoxic effect of geophysical and geochemical anomalies in these sites. The range of abnormal mitoses of samples from all the test sites shows the increase in the proportion of abnormalities in metaphase, compared to the control site where they can be equally found in metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Conclusion. The results demonstrate changes of mitotic activity, frequency of occurrence and the spectrum of mitotic anomalies in the root meristem of blue honeysuckle, which grows in conditions with contrast geophysical characteristics.

scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY GEODYNAMICS OF THE GAROMAI ACTIVE FAULT (SAKHALIN ISLAND)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-567
Author(s):  
N. F. Vasilenko ◽  
A. S. Prytkov
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Relative Deformation ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Deformation Processes

In the northern Sakhalin Island, the tectonic activity of the fault zones is a potential threat to the industrial infrastructure of the petroleum fields. Recently, the background seismicity has increased at the Hokkaido‐Sakhalin fault that consists of several segments, including the Garomai active fault. In the studies of the regional deformation processes, it is important not only to analyze the seismic activity, but also to quantitatively assess the dynamics of deformation accumulation in the fault zones. In order to study the contemporary geodynamics of the Garomai fault, a local GPS/GLONASS network has been established in the area wherein trunk oil and gas pipelines are installed across the fault zone. Based on the annual periodic measurements taken in 2006–2016, we study the features of surface deformation and calculate the rates of displacements caused by the tectonic activity in the fault zone. During the survey period, no significant displacement of the fault wings was revealed. In the immediate vicinity of the fault zone, multidirectional horizontal displacements occur at a rate up to 1.6 mm/yr, and uplifting of the ground surface takes place at a rate of 3.4 mm/yr. This pattern of displacements is a reflection of local deformation processes in the fault zone. At the western wing of the fault, a maximum deformation rate amounts to 1110–6 per year. The fault is a boundary mark of a transition from lower deformation rates at the eastern wing to higher ones at the west wing. In contrast to the general regional compression setting that is typical of the northern Sakhalin Island, extension is currently dominant in the Garomai fault zone. The estimated rates of relative deformation in the vicinity of the Garomai fault give grounds to classify it as ‘hazardous’.

scholarly journals ORACLES ON FAULTS: A PROBABLE LOCATION OF A “LOST” ORACLE OF APOLLO NEAR OROVIAI (NORTHERN EUBOEA ISLAND, GREECE) VIEWED IN ITS GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CONTEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mariolakos ◽  
V. Nikolopoulos ◽  
I. Bantekas ◽  
N. Palyvos
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Geological Environment ◽  
Active Fault Zone ◽  
Rocky Slope ◽  
Central Greece

At a newly discovered archaeological site at Aghios Taxiarches in Northern Euboea, two votive inscribed stelae were found in 2001 together with hellenistic pottery next to ancient wall ruins on a steep and high rocky slope. Based on the inscriptions and the geographical location of the site we propose the hypothesis that this is quite probably the spot where the oracle of “Apollo Selinountios” (mentioned by Strabo) would stand in antiquity. The wall ruins of the site are found on a very steep bedrock escarpment of an active fault zone, next to a hanging valley, a high waterfall and a cave. The geomorphological and geological environment of the site is linked directly to the regional geodynamical context of Central Greece, a region of tectonic turmoil throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene, characterised by distinct landscapes produced by the activity of active fault zones, intense seismicity, and in part, volcanism and hydrothermal activity. The geomorphological and geological similarities of the Ag. Taxiarches site with those of the oracle at Delphi, seem to provide further support to the hypothesis that the former site can well be that of an ancient oracle, given the recently established connections between the geological environment at Delphi and Apollo’s oracle there. Definitive verification of our hypothesis can only be obtained by further, detailed archaeological study, whereas geological/geomorphological, geochemical, and geochronological studies would be necessary to clarify the connection that the cave lying next to the wall remains may had with the site’s function.

scholarly journals Seismotectonics of Malatya Fault, Eastern Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1098-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diğdem Acarel ◽  
Musavver Didem Cambaz ◽  
Fatih Turhan ◽  
Ahu Kömeç Mutlu ◽  
Remzi Polat
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
North Anatolian Fault Zone ◽  
Active Structure ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
Internal Deformation ◽  
Seismic Hazard Estimation

Abstract Turkey is located in a seismically active region with a complex tectonic history. In order to perform seismic risk assessment precisely, major fault zones (North Anatolian Fault Zone and East Anatolian Fault Zone) that are well defined are monitored continuously. It is a widely known fact that intraplate settings, such as Anatolian Plate, in which devastating earthquakes may occur, need to be observed densely. In this study, we investigate the seismotectonics of Malatya Fault within the Malatya Ovacık Fault Zone (MOFZ), which is one of the major agents responsible for internal deformation acting on Anatolian Plate. Recent geological and paleoseismological studies underline the necessity of comprehending the seismicity and latency of a major earthquake in this fault zone.We applied traditional techniques to investigate data of such a region. Earthquakes that occured in the vicinity of Malatya Fault between the years 2011 and mid-2019 are employed in a detailed analysis. The results of this study are constrained by the distribution of sensor networks in the region, yet allowing to define an active structure which is not included in the active fault map of Turkey, therefore, making a significant contribution to seismic hazard estimation.

scholarly journals Observed Evidences of Frequency-Dependent Site Spectral Amplification due to Strong Structural Control of Active Reverse Faults at Different Three Localities in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Thabet
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the present study, observed active fault zone related site amplification is calculated based on Fourier acceleration spectrum (FAS) at three different localities in Japan. For this purpose, the FASs are calculated using 26432 earthquakes recorded at 126 K-NET and KiK-net seismic stations, which are distributed on the fault zones and upthrown and downthrown sides. This observed amplification is strongly frequency-dependent because of the presence of the near-surface low-velocity flower fault structure and the deeper fault zone. Moreover, the amplification patterns at each study area are tectonic-specific patterns. Sources inside the active fault zones could produce amplification at high frequencies at stations on both fault zone and far away from the fault zone. This is because of the impact of the near-surface fault zone. Sources outside the active fault zones could not produce significant amplification at high frequencies, whereas remarkable high amplification at low frequencies exhibits a gradual increase through stations on hanging walls, fault zones, and footwalls. Remarkably, low-frequency amplification due to sources outside the active fault zones at stations on footwalls is much higher than those observed on hanging walls. Interestingly, the peaks of the low-frequency amplification are corresponding to wavelengths that approximately equalize the width of the fault zone. Diffuse field theory inversion using earthquake horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (EHVSR) could successfully detect the presence of fault zone low-velocity layers. However, analyzing the fault zone related site effects using HVSR is not effective because of the strong amplification related structural control of the active fault zones on the ground motions.

scholarly journals Observed Evidences of Frequency-Dependent Site Amplification Due to Structural Control of Active Reverse Faults at Different Localities in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Thabet
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Observed active fault zone related site amplification is calculated based on Fourier acceleration spectrum (FAS) at three different localities in Japan. The FASs are calculated using 26432 earthquakes recorded at 126 K-NET and KiK-net seismic stations, which are distributed on the fault zones, upthrown and downthrown sides. This observed amplification is strongly frequency-dependent because of the presence of the near-surface low-velocity flower fault structure and the deeper fault zone. Moreover, the amplification patterns at each study area are tectonic-specific patterns. Sources inside the active fault zones could produce amplification at high frequencies at stations on both fault zone and far away from the fault zone, because of the impact of the near-surface fault zone. Sources outside the active fault zones yield remarkable high amplification at low frequencies exhibiting a gradual increase through stations on hanging walls, fault zones, and footwalls. Interestingly, the peaks of the low-frequency amplification are corresponding to wavelengths that approximately equalize the width of the fault zone. The presence of fault zone low-velocity layers could be successfully detected by the diffuse field theory inversion.

scholarly journals Carbonaceous Materials in the Fault Zone of the Longmenshan Fault Belt: 1. Signatures within the Deep Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone and Their Implications

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Kuo ◽  
Jyh-Rou Huang ◽  
Jiann-Neng Fang ◽  
Jialiang Si ◽  
Haibing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Earthquake Fault ◽  
Active Fault Zone ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Slip ◽  
Longmenshan Fault

Graphitization of carbonaceous materials (CM) has been experimentally demonstrated as potential evidence of seismic slip within a fault gouge. The southern segment of the Longmenshan fault, a CM-rich-gouge fault, accommodated coseismic slip during the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake and potentially preserves a record of processes that occurred on the fault during the slip event. Here, we present a multi-technique characterization of CM within the active fault zone of the Longmenshan fault from the Wenchuan earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling-1. By contrast with field observations, graphite is pervasively and only distributed in the gouge zone, while heterogeneously crystallized CM are present in the surrounding breccia. The composite dataset that is presented, which includes the localized graphite layer along the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake principal slip zone, demonstrates that graphite is widely distributed within the active fault zone. The widespread occurrence of graphite, a seismic slip indicator, reveals that surface rupturing events commonly occur along the Longmenshan fault and are characteristic of this tectonically active region.

Spring phenological adaptation of improved blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) germplasm to a temperate climate

Euphytica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 213 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Gerbrandt ◽  
Robert H. Bors ◽  
Ravindra N. Chibbar ◽  
Thomas E. Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
Blue Honeysuckle
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