scholarly journals Cytogenetic comparison of chironomid midge Glyptotendipes glaucus (Meigen, 1818) (Diptera, Chironomidae) populations from Northwest Russia and Ukraine (Chernobyl zone)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sergey V Zhirov
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Radioactive Pollution ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Balbiani Rings ◽  
Polythene Chromosomes ◽  
Glyptotendipes Glaucus ◽  
Chernobyl Zone

Functional characters of polythene chromosomes and chromosomal rearrangements in salivary glands of 177 larvae of Glyptotendipes glaucus (Diptera, Chironomidae) from reservoirs of Russia and Ukraine (Chernobyl) have been analysed. Similarity of the populations studied based on a pool of chromosomal reorganizations has been established. The general types of inversions in chromosomal arms A, B, D and E have been detected. Influence of radioactive pollution (Chernobyl) on functional changes of a nucleus, Balbiani rings, puffs, morphology of disks and interdisks is revealed. 

scholarly journals Protein synthesis in salivary glands of Drosophila hydei after experimental gene induction

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F H G Koninkx
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Radioactive Label ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Drosophila Hydei ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Polythene Chromosomes

Several treatments, namely incubation at 37 degrees C, in the presence of arsenite, 2,4-dinitrophenol or vitamin B-6, or release from anaerobiosis induce the same set of puffs in the polythene chromosomes of salivary glands of Drosophila hydei. Analysis of changes in protein-synthetic patterns (as determined by radioautography of sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoretograms of extracts from [35S]methionine-labelled salivary glands) showed that concomitant with puff induction by these various treatments the same six strongly labelled polypeptide bands appeared. The amount of radioactive label in these peptides accounted for 25% of the total incorporation of [35S]methionine, except during incubation at 37 degrees C when it accounted for about 50%. The rate of synthesis of these peptides was maximal 1 h after the start of the puff-inducing treatment. The rate of decay of the rate of synthesis showed first-order kinetics both after removal of the puff-inducing stimulus or in the presence of actinomycin, with a half-life of approx. 4h.

scholarly journals Effect of lead on polytenic chromosomes from salivary glands of Chironomus Plumosus L. and Glyptotendipes Glaucus Mg. (Diptera, Chironomidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Belonogova ◽  
Natalia A. Durnova ◽  
Anna S. Sheremetyeva
Keyword(s):  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Activity Factor ◽  
Genetic Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
Glyptotendipes Glaucus

Background. Experimental conditions allow to determine the structural and functional changes of polytene chromosomes under the influence of free ions of an individual metal. Materials and methods. C. plumosus (L.) and G. glaucus (Mg) larvae were placed in solutions of lead nitrate: 0.01, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/l. Exposure 12 h. Analysis of preparations of polytene chromosomes was carried out using the Carl Zeiss PrimoStar microscope. The functional activity factor of the nucleolus organizer (NOR), the coefficient of genetic activity of the Balbiani ring (BRR) was calculated. Results. Equations of the dependence of the change in the coefficients: NOR = 5,1870,01 lnC for C. plumosus and NOR = 2,110,03 lnC for G. glaucus; BRR = 1,5040,04 lnC for C. plumosus and BRR = 2,018 + 0,03 lnC for G. glaucus. Conclusion. With an increase in the concentration of lead in both C. plumosus and G. glaucus decreases NOR, which implies a decrease in the intensity of protein biosynthesis processes. BRR decreases in C. plumosus and increases in G. glaucus. The different genome reactions of the two species indicate the existence of different mechanisms of adaptation to lead ions

MR-sialography as functional separate imaging of salivary gland for evaluation of radiation-induced xerostomia

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 16522-16522
Author(s):  
M. Yokokawa ◽  
N. Uchida ◽  
A. Wada ◽  
A. Kawaguchi ◽  
M. Notani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Functional Changes

16522 Background: For head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who receive curative irradiation (RT), RT-induced xerostomia is a frequent and troublesome adverse event diminishing quality of life. In this prospectve study, morphological changes in salivary glands were evaluated by means of MR volume calculation and examination of the functional changes in MR-sialography as compared with subjective symptoms. Materials and Methods: Sixteen HNC patients (15 squamous cell carcinomas and 1 lymphoma) scheduled to receive more than 44 Gy to the primary tumor were registered (median dose to salivary glands: 60 Gy). MRI was performed prior to start of RT (pre-RT), as well as 2–4 weeks after completion of RT (post-RT). Evaluations were undertaken as follows: 1) Subjective symptoms of oral dry sensation were scaled by visual analogue scale (pre-RT VAS, post-RT VAS); 2) Changes in depictions of MR-sialography (heavy T2WI) following tartaric acid stimulation were graded into three categories (good,fair, poor); and, 3) Changes in salivary gland volume were measured as reduction ratio(%) = (pre-RT volume - post -RT volume) / pre-RT volume × 100. Results: Post-RT VAS of oral dry sensation was greater than that of pre-RT (p=0.001). Clinical symptoms (changes in VAS) did not correlate with salivary gland reduction ratio nor radiation dosage for either the parotid (PG) or submandibular glands (SG). RT dosage and reduction ratio correlated well (r=0.62). Reactivity of MR-sialography stimulated by tartaric acid became poor after RT. The mean RT dosages to PG and SG of the poor group were higher than those of the good group (p<0.05). Conclusions: MR-sialography after RT showed a poor response to secretion stimulation, which correlated with RT dosage. Moreover, MR- sialography with secretion stimulation may have the potential to be a non-invasive and sensitive method by which to assess the severity of xerostomia of each gland separately as ‘functional MR - sialography‘. More cases and longer follow up, and dose-volume histogram evaluation of each salivary gland are required to confirm the results. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Evolutionary implications of duplications and Balbiani rings in Drosophila. A study of Drosophila serrata

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mavragani-Tsipidou ◽  
N. Kyrpides ◽  
Z. G. Scouras
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Balbiani Ring ◽  
Intercalary Heterochromatin ◽  
Developmental Profile ◽  
Balbiani Rings ◽  
Drosophila Serrata ◽  
Tandem Duplications

Drosophila serrata, a species of subgroup montium, exhibits in its salivary-gland chromosomes a high number of inverted tandem duplications and a well-formed Balbiani ring. A photographic map, the duplications, and the Balbiani ring of this species are presented. Also presented are the most prominent puffs during normal larval development and after ecdysone treatment, as well as intercalary heterochromatin regions of the above chromosomes. These data are discussed and compared with those of Drosophila auraria, another species of subgroup montium. All the inverted tandem duplications found in both species are homozygous and are not accompanied by other types of chromosomal rearrangements. These results argue in favor of the relatively old origin of these structures. The similarity of the structure and the developmental profile of the Balbiani ring 1 in both species may indicate a necessary role served by the Balbiani ring 1 and hence its selection during evolution.Key words: Drosophila, duplications, Balbiani ring, ecdysone, intercalary heterochromatin.

scholarly journals Aquatic silk proteins in Chironomus: A review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena J. Thorat ◽  
Bimalendu B. Nath
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Balbiani Ring ◽  
Silk Proteins ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Chironomid Midges ◽  
Balbiani Rings ◽  
Literature Database

Silk proteins secreted by salivary glands in the dipteran insect, Chironomus play a significant role as proteinaceous adhesives for construction of underwater housing nests by larvae. To date, only three Chironomus species, C. tentans Fabricius, C. pallidivittatus Malloch and C. riparius Meigen have been explored for characterization of their aquatic silk protein. Genes coding for silk proteins are located on specific chromosomal ‘puffs’ called Balbiani rings as well as non-Balbiani ring regions.  Expression of these genes is closely regulated by developmental and hormonal alterations and environmental factors. Furthermore, pilot studies have postulated that silk proteins probably occur in diverse size classes grouped into large (~1000 kDa), intermediate (100-200 kDa) and small (≤100 kDa). Barring few preliminary reports that date back to the 1990s, the physical and bioproperties of silk from chironomid midges remain largely unknown, leading to paucity of updated information. This review was therefore aimed to compile existing literature database and to highlight the wide possibilities for commercialization of midge larval silk as a novel biopolymer.

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