scholarly journals The role of mammography in breast cancer radiomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-199
Author(s):  
Veronika G. Govorukhina ◽  
Serafim S. Semenov ◽  
Pavel B. Gelezhe ◽  
Vera V. Didenko ◽  
Sergey P. Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Digital Pixel ◽  
Tumor Biopsies

Mammography is still the only screening method for breast cancer. Although digital mammography is the most common and widely used method for detecting breast cancer, it is ineffective at detecting and assessing intratumoral heterogeneity. Due to the small size of the tissue sample or tumor, biopsies often fail to represent the entire tumor. For this reason, selecting a treatment and determining a patients prognosis becomes difficult. In this case, medical imaging is a noninvasive approach that can provide a more comprehensive view of the entire tumor, act as a virtual biopsy, and be useful for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy. Radiomics with texture analysis allows you to look at an image as a group of numerical data, moving beyond the usual visual perception and into a deeper analysis of digital, pixel data to improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis. Radiogenomics is a natural extension of radiomics that focuses on determining gene expression based on radiologic tumor phenotype. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of mammography in breast cancer radiomics and radiogenomics. The article presents a literature review of relevant Russian scientific articles found in databases such as PubMed, Medline, Springer, eLibrary, and Google Scholar. The information obtained was then pooled, structured, and analyzed to examine the role of mammography in breast cancer screening radiomics.

scholarly journals miR-205 in Breast Cancer: State of the Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ilaria Plantamura ◽  
Alessandra Cataldo ◽  
Giulia Cosentino ◽  
Marilena V. Iorio
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Breast Physiology ◽  
Cancer Types

Despite its controversial roles in different cancer types, miR-205 has been mainly described as an oncosuppressive microRNA (miRNA), with some contrasting results, in breast cancer. The role of miR-205 in the occurrence or progression of breast cancer has been extensively studied since the first evidence of its aberrant expression in tumor tissues versus normal counterparts. To date, it is known that the expression of miR-205 in the different subtypes of breast cancer is decreasing from the less aggressive subtype, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive breast cancer, to the more aggressive, triple negative breast cancer, influencing metastasis capability, response to therapy and patient survival. In this review, we summarize the most important discoveries that have highlighted the functional role of this miRNA in breast cancer initiation and progression, in stemness maintenance, in the tumor microenvironment, its potential role as a biomarker and its relevance in normal breast physiology—the still open questions. Finally, emerging evidence reveals the role of some lncRNAs in breast cancer progression as sponges of miR-205. Here, we also reviewed the studies in this field.

scholarly journals Role of Positron Emission Tomography for the Monitoring of Response to Therapy in Breast Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Humbert ◽  
Alexandre Cochet ◽  
Bruno Coudert ◽  
Alina Berriolo‐Riedinger ◽  
Salim Kanoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

Critical role of FoxO3a transcription factor in response to therapy with EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib and lapatinib, in breast cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21018-21018
Author(s):  
J. Krol ◽  
E. Lam ◽  
C. Coombes
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Egfr Inhibitors ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines

21018 Background: Inhibition of the EGF-receptor is a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. The PI3-K/PKB signalling pathway plays an important role in cell proliferation, survival and malignant transformation. The Forkhead box group O transcriptional factor, FoxO3a, is a direct downstream target of PKB. Here we studied the role of the FoxO3a in response to the EGFR inhibitors Gefitinib and Lapatinib. Methods: Response of breast cancer cell lines to treatment with Gefitinib and Lapatinib was evaluated by proliferation assay and FACS analysis. Expression of FoxO3a and its downstream targets was analysed using Western blotting. Sub-cellular localisation of FoxO3a was analysed by confocal microscopy. FoxO3a mRNA level was measured by RTq-PCR. siRNA transfections were performed using Oligofectamine reagent. Immunohistological staining was performed on patient samples to validate our findings. Results: Treatment of a panel of breast cancer cell lines with both inhibitors resulted in decreased proliferation due to G1-arrest and apoptosis in two sensitive cell-lines, BT474 and SKBR3. Western blot analysis revealed that response to the treatment was associated with a decrease in PKB and FoxO3a phosphorylation and thus the nuclear relocalisation of FoxO3a. Confocal microscopy confirmed that treatment induced nuclear translocation of FoxO3a only in sensitive but not resistant cells. This relocation of FoxO3a was accompanied by an induction of FoxO3a mRNA and its principal targets, p27kip1 and Bim. Transfection of the sensitive BT474 cells with FoxO3a specific siRNA resulted in a significant reduction in FoxO3a protein expression and Gefitinib-induced cell death. Comparison of immunohistochemical staining of biopsies from breast cancer patients before and after Gefitinib treatment revealed that therapy resulted in a significant increase in nuclear FoxO3a staining. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate for the first time that the EGFR-family inhibitors, Gefitinib and Lapatinib, specifically target FoxO3a to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This finding helps to define the mechanism of action of Gefitinib and Lapatinib and may provide novel insights into the molecular basis for resistance to these inhibitors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Spectroscopy (MRS) in Breast Cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. MRI.S991
Author(s):  
Uma Sharma ◽  
Rani Gupta Sah ◽  
Naranamangalam R. Jagannathan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Breast cancer is a major health problem in women and early detection is of prime importance. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides both physical and physiologic tissue features that are useful in discriminating malignant from benign lesions. Contrast enhanced MRI is valuable for diagnosis of small tumors in dense breast and the structural and kinetic parameters improved the specificity of diagnosing benign from malignant lesions. It is a complimentary modality for preoperative staging, to follow response to therapy, to detect recurrences and for screening high risk women. Diffusion, perfusion and MR elastography have been applied to breast lesion characterization and show promise. In-vivo MR spectroscopy (MRS) is a valuable method to obtain the biochemical status of normal and diseased tissues. Malignant tissues contain high concentration of choline containing compounds that can be used as a biochemical marker. MRS helps to increase the specificity of MRI in lesions larger than 1cm and to monitor the tumor response. Various MR techniques show promise primarily as adjunct to the existing standard detection techniques, and its acceptability as a screening method will increase if specificity can be improved. This review presents the progress made in different MRI and MRS techniques in beast cancer management.

An integrated screening method for evaluating the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particulates: Role of microscopic techniques in assessing pulmonary macrophage clearance functions

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-827
Author(s):  
David B. Warheit ◽  
Lena Achinko ◽  
Mark A. Hartsky
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pulmonary Response ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages ◽  
Integrated Screening

There is a great need for the development of a rapid and reliable bioassay to evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particles. A number of methods have been proposed, including lung clearance studies, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, and in vitro cytotoxicity tests. These methods are often limited in scope inasmuch as they measure only one dimension of the pulmonary response to inhaled, instilled or incubated dusts. Accordingly, a comprehensive approach to lung toxicity studies has been developed.To validate the method, rats were exposed for 6 hours or 3 days to various concentrations of either aerosolized alpha quartz silica (Si) or carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Cells and fluids from groups of sham and dust-exposed animals were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Alkaline phosphatase, LDH and protein values were measured in BAL fluids at several time points postexposure. Cells were counted and evaluated for viability, as well as differential and cytochemical analysis. In addition, pulmonary macrophages (PM) were cultured and studied for morphology, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis by scanning electron microscopy.

The Diagnosis of Lupus Anticoagulants by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - The Central Role of Phosphatidyl Serine

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Kelsey ◽  
K J Stevenson ◽  
L Poller
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Test System ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulants ◽  
Different Types

SummaryLiposomes of pure phospholipids were used in a modified APTT test system and the role of phosphatidyl serine (PS) in determining the sensitivity of the test system to the presence of lupus anticoagulants was assessed. Six consecutive patients with lupus anticoagulants and seven haemophiliacs with anticoagulants directed at specific coagulation factors, were studied. Increasing the concentration of phospholipid in the test system markedly reduced the sensitivity to lupus anticoagulants but had marginal effect on the specific factor inhibitors. The same effect was achieved when the content of PS alone was increased in a vehicle liposome of constant composition.The results suggest that the lupus anticoagulants can best be detected by a screening method using an APTT test with a reagent of low PS content. The use of a reagent rich in PS will largely abolish the lupus anticoagulant’s effect on the APTT. An approach using the two different types of reagent may facilitate differentiation of lupus inhibitors from other types of anticoagulant.

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