scholarly journals Emotional Response to Humour Perception and Gelotophobia Among Healthy Individuals and Patients with Schizophrenia and Depression, with Signs of a High Clinical Risk of Psychosis

10.17816/cp65 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Daria D. Volovik ◽  
Maria A. Omelchenko ◽  
Alyona M. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
High Clinical Risk

Introduction. Investigating early changes in the emotional sphere within the schizophrenia course is a perspective direction in clinical psychology and psychiatry. Intactness of positive emotions, in particular, humour perception, may be a very important resource for patients. At the same time, humour perception is very sensitive to pathological conditions, such as the fear of being laughed at, known as gelotophobia. Those with gelotophobia perceive laughter as dangerous, rather than pleasant, and they can hardly distinguish between teasing and ridicule. Gelotophobia was confirmed to be expressed among people with mental disorders. Nonetheless, knowledge relating to the fear of being laughed at, was mostly generated among the non-clinical samples. Objectives. Thus, the aim of the study was to provide more clinical data on gelotophobia manifestations associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders; the emotional response and facial expression of patients with gelotophobia were studied, in particular, regarding their perception of humour, including during the early stages of disorders, by comparison with healthy individuals. Methods. n=30 controls and n=32 patients with schizophrenia and with depression with signs of a high clinical risk of psychosis took part. Two short videos, comic and neutral, were shown to the participants, while videotaping their facial expression, followed each by a self-reported measure of emotional responses. Participants also completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the PhoPhiKat30 and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Results. Gelotophobia was significantly higher within the clinical group. It correlated with a lower frequency of grins among the patients during the comic video, while this was not the case in the control group. Gelotophobia was related to state and trait anxiety in both groups, but only in the clinical group did state anxiety increase after watching the comic video. Gelotophobia correlated with alexithymia and was twice higher among the patients compared to the controls. Conclusion. Thus, gelotophobia has not only quantitative, but also qualitative specifics in patients with schizophrenia, and those with depression with signs of a clinically high risk of psychosis, compared to healthy controls.

scholarly journals Значение тканевой гипоксии и эндотелиальной активации в патогенезе эндокринной офтальмопатии

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-50
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Vascular Cell Adhesion ◽  
Vascular Cell ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule 1

The study included 47 people (18 men and 29 women) at the age of 43 [35; 50] years. A clinical group was formed by 32 patients with moderate severity of GO. The control group consisted of 15 healthy individuals. Opthalmologic examination and blood sampling were conducted to determine the concentration of antibodies to the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSAbs), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1). An increase in the sVCAM-1 concentration was revealed in all patient of the clinical groups in comparison with the control (p<0,05). There were no statistically signifi cant diff erences in HIF-1α level in all groups (p>0,05). A direct correlation between sVCAM-1 and HIF-1α concentration was found (r=0,343; p<0,05), which probably indicates that factors contributing to the development of tissue hypoxia can activate endothelial cells and may intensify the infl ammatory processes of soft retrobulbar tissues.

scholarly journals Effect of specific melodic scales of Indian music in reducing state and trait anxiety – a randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIRTHANA U KUNIKULLAYA
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Group D

Music is an aesthetic stimulus that evokes a subjective experience in every individual involved in it. Music as a modality to reduce anxiety and stress has been researched scientifically across the world, but evidence regarding Indian musical scales (ragas) is meager. Healthy individuals were randomly divided into 4 groups where 3 groups [A(Ahir bhairav), B (Kaunsi Kanada), C (Bhimpalas)] received music intervention (10 minutes) while Group D was the control group. Anxiety was scored using State trait anxietyinventory (STAI) before and after the intervention.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship between Autistic Traits, Ruminative Thinking, and Suicidality in a Clinical Sample of Subjects with Bipolar Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Liliana Dell’Osso ◽  
Ivan Mirko Cremone ◽  
Giulia Amatori ◽  
Andrea Cappelli ◽  
Alessandro Cuomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Group 4

(1) Background: Previous literature reported in both subjects with Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and Bipolar disorder (BD) higher levels of autistic traits, linked to a greater suicidality risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the presence of autistic traits in a sample of individuals with BD or BPD, with a specific focus on suicidality. (2) Methods: We recruited two clinical samples of subjects (BPD and BD) and a control group without a diagnosis according to DSM-5 (CTL). Subjects were assessed with the AdAS Spectrum, the RRS and, for evaluating suicidality, the MOODS-SR. (3) Results: The CTL group showed significantly lower scores of both BD and BPD on AdAS Spectrum, RRS, and suicidality scores. BPD subjects showed significantly lower scores than BD ones in most of AdAS Spectrum domain scores. Correlation and regression analyses highlighted specific patterns of association among AdAS Spectrum domains, RRS, and suicidality in each clinical group. (4) Conclusions: Both BPD and BD individuals show greater levels of autistic traits, which seem to be distributed in a continuum featuring the highest levels among BD subjects. In both disorders, higher autistic traits were linked to suicidal tendencies, although with different patterns of association between BD and BPD subjects.

scholarly journals Developmental competencies, temperament, parenting practices and psychosocial adversities in internalizing disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poornima Viswanathan ◽  
M. Thomas Kishore ◽  
Shekhar Seshadri ◽  
Binu V.S.
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interpersonal Competence ◽  
Clinical Group

<p>Research on the etiology of internalizing disorders has focused on biological and environmental factors, however, the role of developmental competencies has not been explored much. The aim of the current report is to understand the developmental competencies, temperament, parenting practices and psychosocial adversities in internalizing disorders. The relationship of each of these domains with functional impairment was also explored. The developmental competencies considered in this study include interpersonal competence, emotion regulation, executive functioning, adaptive behaviour and self-concept. The sample consisted of 30 children and adolescents with internalizing disorders belonging to the age group of six to 18, and one of their parents. Descriptive statistics and correlational analyses were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that positive parenting shares an inverse relationship with functional impairment; other variables were not found to be related to impairment. On comparison with non-clinical samples in previous studies, interpersonal competence and self-concept were found to be at lower levels in the current sample. A model of a bidirectional relationship between individual and environmental factors together contributing to internalizing disorders has been proposed. The study will be continued on a larger scale on a clinical group and control group to test the significance of this model.</p>

scholarly journals Threat perception in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIE D. HENRY ◽  
COURTNEY VON HIPPEL ◽  
TED RUFFMAN ◽  
YAEL PERRY ◽  
PETER G. RENDELL
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Point Light ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractIt has been suggested that, relative to the other basic emotions, the perception of threat-related emotion is disproportionately impaired in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Yet research has not assessed how schizophrenia-spectrum disorders affect the ability to make direct appraisals of threat. In the present study, participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were compared with controls on two danger rating tasks that involved differentiating between faces and situations normatively judged to be either high or low in threat. It was also assessed whether danger ratings were related to clinical symptoms, as well as performance on an emotion recognition measure that depicted emotions in point-light animation (biological motion). While the two groups did not differ in their ability to differentiate high- from low-danger stimuli, or overall danger attributed to faces, overall danger attributed to situations was greater for the clinical group. The clinical group also showed a selective deficit recognizing fear on the bioemotion task, but only for the control group was recognition of threat-related emotions associated with danger ratings. These data are consistent with other evidence showing that there may be a disconnect between the usual processes used to make inferences regarding potential threat in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. (JINS, 2010, 16, 805–812.)

scholarly journals Reconocimiento de expresión facial emocional en el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad en la infancia

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mireia Oliva-Macías ◽  
Pamela Parada-Fernández ◽  
Imanol Amayra ◽  
Esther Lázaro ◽  
Juan F. López-Paz
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Emotional Facial Expression ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract: Recognition of emotional facial expression in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood. The main symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. In addition to cognitive and behavioral deficits present in ADHD, having difficulties in social skills has also been observed in different studies. The objective of this study was to analyze performance in recognizing emotional facial expression in this group. For this, a clinical group with ADHD was compared to a control group. Emotional facial expression recognition tools were applied. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in non-contextualized static emotions. However, differences were found in non-contextualized dynamic emotions, contextualized scenarios and secondary social skills. In addition, a more comprehensive analysis identified a subgroup of children with ADHD that performed better than the other ADHD group of children and similarly to the control group.Resumen: Los síntomas principales del trastorno de déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) son la inatención, la hiperactividad y la impulsividad. Además de los déficits cognitivos y conductuales presentes en el TDAH, se ha observado en diferentes estudios la presencia de dificultades en las habilidades sociales. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el rendimiento en el reconocimiento de expresión facial emocional en este colectivo. Para ello, se comparó un grupo clínico con TDAH con un grupo control. Se emplearon herramientas de reconocimiento de expresión facial emocional. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las emociones estáticas no contextualizadas entre los dos grupos. Sin embargo, sí se encontraron diferencias en las emociones dinámicas no contextualizadas, en escenarios contextualizados y habilidades sociales secundarias. Además, un análisis más exhaustivo identificó un subgrupo de niños con TDAH con un rendimiento similar al presentado por el grupo control y superior al resto de niños del grupo TDAH. 

scholarly journals State anxiety biases estimates of uncertainty during reward learning in volatile environments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P Hein ◽  
Lilian A Weber ◽  
Jan de Fockert ◽  
Maria Herrojo Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Perceptual Inference ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Informational Uncertainty

AbstractPrevious research established that clinical anxiety impairs decision making and that high trait anxiety interferes with learning rates. Less understood are the effects of temporary anxious states on learning and decision making in healthy populations. Here we follow proposals that anxious states in healthy individuals elicit a pattern of aberrant behavioural, neural, and physiological responses comparable with those found in anxiety disorders, particularly when processing uncertainty in unstable environments. In our study, both a state anxious and a control group learned probabilistic stimulus-outcome mappings in a volatile task environment while we recorded their electrophysiological (EEG) signals. By using a hierarchical Bayesian model, we assessed the effect of state anxiety on Bayesian belief updating with a focus on uncertainty estimates. State anxiety was associated with an underestimation of environmental and informational uncertainty, and an increase in uncertainty about volatility estimates. Anxious individuals deemed their beliefs about reward contingencies to be more precise and to require less updating, ultimately leading to impaired reward-based learning. We interpret this pattern as evidence that state anxious individuals are less tolerant to informational uncertainty about the contingencies governing their environment and more uncertain about the level of stability of the world itself. Further, we tracked the neural representation of belief update signals in the trial-by-trial EEG amplitudes. In control participants, both lower-level precision-weighted prediction errors (pwPEs) about the reward outcomes and higher-level volatility-pwPEs were represented in the ERP signals with an anterior distribution. A different pattern emerged under state anxiety, where a neural representation of pwPEs was only found for updates about volatility. Expanding previous computational work on trait anxiety, our findings establish that temporary anxious states in healthy individuals impair reward-based learning in volatile environments, primarily through changes in uncertainty estimates and potentially a degradation of the neuronal representation of hierarchically-related pwPEs, considered to play a central role in current Bayesian accounts of perceptual inference and learning.

scholarly journals Developmental competencies, temperament, parenting practices and psychosocial adversities in internalizing disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poornima Viswanathan ◽  
M. Thomas Kishore ◽  
Shekhar Seshadri ◽  
Binu V.S.
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interpersonal Competence ◽  
Clinical Group

<p>Research on the etiology of internalizing disorders has focused on biological and environmental factors, however, the role of developmental competencies has not been explored much. The aim of the current report is to understand the developmental competencies, temperament, parenting practices and psychosocial adversities in internalizing disorders. The relationship of each of these domains with functional impairment was also explored. The developmental competencies considered in this study include interpersonal competence, emotion regulation, executive functioning, adaptive behaviour and self-concept. The sample consisted of 30 children and adolescents with internalizing disorders belonging to the age group of six to 18, and one of their parents. Descriptive statistics and correlational analyses were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that positive parenting shares an inverse relationship with functional impairment; other variables were not found to be related to impairment. On comparison with non-clinical samples in previous studies, interpersonal competence and self-concept were found to be at lower levels in the current sample. A model of a bidirectional relationship between individual and environmental factors together contributing to internalizing disorders has been proposed. The study will be continued on a larger scale on a clinical group and control group to test the significance of this model.</p>

Adolescents’ self-mutilation - Relationship with dependent behaviour

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bolognini ◽  
B. Plancherel ◽  
J. Laget ◽  
P. Stéphan ◽  
O. Halfon
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study, which was carried out in the French-speacking part of Switzerland, was to examine the relationship between suicide attempts and self-mutilation by adolescents and young adults. The population, aged 14-25 years (N = 308), included a clinical sample of dependent subjects (drug abuse and eating disorders) compared to a control sample. On the basis of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview ( Sheehan et al., 1998 ), DSM-IV criteria were used for the inclusion of the clinical population. The results concerning the occurrence of suicide attempts as well as on self-mutilation confirm most of the hypotheses postulated: suicidal attempts and self-mutilation were more common in the clinical group compared to the control group, and there was a correlation between suicide attempts and self-mutilation. However, there was only a partial overlap, attesting that suicide and self-harm might correspond to two different types of behaviour.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis among Myositis Patients in Southwest of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasem Saki ◽  
Karim Mowla ◽  
Reza Arjmand ◽  
Forough Kazemi ◽  
Somayeh Fallahizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Introduction: Parasitic myositis is caused by some parasites such as T. gondii and T. canis. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence T. gondii and T. canis in patients with myositis and healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 108 samples were randomly selected as the control (54 healthy individuals) and test (54 myositis patients) groups. IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii and IgG antibodies against T. canis were measured by the ELISA. The detection of chronic and acute toxoplasmosis was performed by the ELISA IgG avidity. The presence of T. gondii in blood was evaluated by the nested-PCR. Results: Of 108, 33 (30.6%) cases were detected positive for IgG against T. gondii that 19 (35.2%) and 14 (25.9%) were observed in myositis patients and healthy individuals, respectively (P=0.296). Of 19 positive cases, 12 (63.2%) and 7 (36.8%) cases were detected as chronic and acute toxoplasmosis, respectively, while, all positive cases in the control group had chronic toxoplasmosis (P=0.013). One (1.9%) sample was detected positive for anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgM and two (3.7%) samples were found positive for IgG against T. canis by the ELISA that these positive cases were observed only in myositis patients (P=1.000 P=0.495, respectively). B1 T. gondii gene was amplified in 12 (63.2%) and 1 (7.1%) in myositis patients and healthy subjects (P=0.001). Conclusions: Our findings showed that there was a relatively high prevalence of acute toxoplasmosis in myositis patients in comparison with the control subjects in southwest of Iran.

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