scholarly journals THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE IN COVID-19 PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Belopasov ◽  
Ekaterina M. Samoilova ◽  
Vladimir P. Baklaushev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Radiological Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Course Outcomes

Based on the available publications, the article systematizes the forms of damage to the central nervous system in СOVID-19patients. Along with a description of clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, methods of laboratory, instrumental and radiological diagnosis with the discussion of the nosological forms. An interdisciplinary approach and international cooperation are required to study the problems pathogenesis, course, outcomes, and the development of new methods of diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Postoperative agitation syndrome in young children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
V.I. Snisar ◽  
O.S. Pavlysh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Inhalation Anesthesia ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting ◽  
The Central Nervous System

One of the complications of the postoperative period in children is postanesthetic agitation, a significant emotional and uncontrollable worry, clouding of consciousness, feeling of anxiety and fear, inappropriate behavior, irritability, inconso­lable crying, aggressive and negative attitude towards parents and medical staff. Postoperative agitation is very important for clinicians and hospitals, it has a risk of harming a patient, staying longer in the ward after anesthesia, and increasing the period of postoperative recovery. The frequency of postoperative agitation depends on age group. Most often agitation occurs in young children. There is evidence that agitation can also be due to the immature nervous system and a consequence of pathological conditions of the central nervous system (asthenoneurotic syndrome, encephalopathy, hyperactivity syndrome, perinatal posthypoxic and organic brain lesions, history of prematurity, epilepsy, psychophysical and speech delay, etc.). That is why the goal of our research was to study the patterns of clinical manifestations of postoperative agitation syndrome in children with prenatal da­mage to the central nervous system. The work was performed based on the analysis of the postoperative period in 109 young children: 59 patients with acquired hydrocephalus, who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and 50 children without neurological disorders in whom reconstructive surge­ries were carried out. Depending on the type anesthetic management, each group was divided into two subgroups: children, who received inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane, and those, who received total intravenous anesthesia using propofol. In the postoperative period, the behavior of children was assessed on a Pediatric Ane­sthesia Emergence Delirium scale 30 minutes after anesthesia was completed. Criterion for the development of agitation was the presence of excitement in a child with a score of ≥ 10 points. Study showed that young children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system and children whose anesthetic provision is carried out using sevoflurane are the most vulnerable to the development of agitation syndrome. Agitation in such children is more pronounced and longer. These cases require prediction, detection and active surveillance.

scholarly journals Autoantibodies Against Ubiquitous and Confined Antigens in Patients With Ocular, Neuro-Ophthalmic and Congenital Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Goldberg-Murow ◽  
Carlos Cedillo-Peláez ◽  
Luz Elena Concha-del-Río ◽  
Rashel Cheja-Kalb ◽  
María José Salgar-Henao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Toxoplasma gondii infection can trigger autoreactivity by different mechanisms. In the case of ocular toxoplasmosis, disruption of the blood-retinal barrier may cause exposure of confined retinal antigens such as recoverin. Besides, cross-reactivity can be induced by molecular mimicry of parasite antigens like HSP70, which shares 76% identity with the human ortholog. Autoreactivity can be a determining factor of clinical manifestations in the eye and in the central nervous system. We performed a prospective observational study to determine the presence of autoantibodies against recoverin and HSP70 by indirect ELISA in the serum of 65 patients with ocular, neuro-ophthalmic and congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis. We found systemic autoantibodies against recoverin and HSP70 in 33.8% and 15.6% of individuals, respectively. The presence of autoantibodies in cases of OT may be related to the severity of clinical manifestations, while in cases with CNS involvement they may have a protective role. Unexpectedly, anti-recoverin antibodies were found in patients with cerebral involvement, without ocular toxoplasmosis; therefore, we analyzed and proved cross-reactivity between recoverin and a brain antigen, hippocalcin, so the immunological phenomenon occurring in one immune-privileged organ (e.g. the central nervous system) could affect the environment of another (egg. the eye).

scholarly journals Neurobrucellosis mimicking primary vasculitis of the central nervous system: we should perform a metagenomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid prior to brain biopsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Barrionuevo Mathias ◽  
Fernando Gatti ◽  
Gustavo Bruniera ◽  
Vitor Paes ◽  
Gisele Sampaio Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Context Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is characterized by the inflammation of small and medium CNS arteries; the clinical manifestations include headache, cognitive impairment and focal neurological deficits. The gold standard test for diagnosis is brain biopsy. Neurobrucellosis is an infection associated with cattle farming, which leads to neurological and psychiatric symptoms. We report a case of neurobrucellosis mimicking PACNS. Case report Male, 32 years old, with fever, headache, dizziness and cognitive impairments for 30 days. History of stroke 2 years before, with mild sequelae right hemiparesis; investigation showed suspected intracranial dissection. On physical examination, he had apathy, preserved strength, reduced reflexes with plantar flexor responses. General laboratory tests, autoantibodies and serology were normal. Brain MRI showed deep left nucleocapsular gliosis and cerebral angiography revealed stenosis of the ICA and MCA. CSF showed 42 cells/ mm³, glucose 46 mg/dL, protein 82 mg/dL. Blood PCR was negative for Brucella. Immunophenotyping of the CSF and PET-CT excluded neoplasia. Brain biopsy was inconclusive for vasculitis. Metagenomic analysis of the CSF detected 78% of Brucella genetic material. Serum agglutination test was 1:40 for brucella. Conclusions PACNS is diagnosed by exclusion. The patient filled criteria for possible PACNS, image compatible with vascular stenosis, but inconclusive brain biopsy. Brucellosis is an endemic disease in underdeveloped countries that can present as CNS vasculitis. Metagenomic analysis allows the detection of different pathogens using a single method. The case illustrates the use of metagenomics in rare diseases characterized by vasculitis, with change in clinical outcomes and conduct.

scholarly journals Central nervous system virion detection in acute measles: histopathological, ultrastructural and pathogenetic aspects

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
C.L.P. Lancellotti ◽  
C.E.P. Corbett ◽  
M.I.S. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Alterations

Histopathological and ultrastructural studies of 23 patients who died with clinical diagnosis of measles were carried out. In 12 cases viral nucleocapsids were searched by electron microscopy and detected in 100% of the cases in the lungs and in 50% of the cases in the central nervous system. They were mostly intranuclear. Histopathological changes associated to neurological alterations and the detection of virion are discussed in relation to acute and delayed clinical manifestations.

scholarly journals Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: A Report of Three Cases from a Single Colombian Center

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Coronel-Restrepo ◽  
Fabio Bonilla-Abadía ◽  
Omar A. Cortes ◽  
Jorge H. Izquierdo ◽  
Alberto M. Shinchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
System A ◽  
Primary Angiitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Low Incidence

The primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is an entity with a very low incidence and prevalence. It is not clear why the inflammatory process of this entity is limited to the cerebral vasculature without systemic manifestations. Its clinical manifestations are very heterogeneous and make clinical diagnosis difficult. In most cases, a brain biopsy is required. Only the clinical suspicion and the ability to recognize the possible clinical and imagenological patterns of presentation make an accurate diagnosis possible. The vast majority of the treatment recommendations are given by series of case reports. The following paper described the clinical, imagenological, and histopathological characteristics of three Colombian patients with PACNS. The strategic therapeutic used in shown.

scholarly journals Modern aspects of neuropathogenesis and neurological manifestations of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
L.A. Dziak ◽  
O.S. Tsurkalenko ◽  
K.V. Chekha ◽  
V.M. Suk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Coronavirus infection is a systemic pathology resulting in impairment of the nervous system. The involvement of the central nervous system in COVID-19 is diverse by clinical manifestations and main mechanisms. The mechanisms of interrelations between SARS-CoV-2 and the nervous system include a direct virus-induced lesion of the central nervous system, inflammatory-mediated impairment, thrombus burden, and impairment caused by hypoxia and homeostasis. Due to the multi-factor mechanisms (viral, immune, hypoxic, hypercoagulation), the SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause a wide range of neurological disorders involving both the central and peripheral nervous system and end organs. Dizziness, headache, altered level of consciousness, acute cerebrovascular diseases, hypogeusia, hyposmia, peripheral neuropathies, sleep disorders, delirium, neuralgia, myalgia are the most common signs. The structural and functional changes in various organs and systems and many neurological symptoms are determined to persist after COVID-19. Regardless of the numerous clinical reports about the neurological and psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 as before it is difficult to determine if they are associated with the direct or indirect impact of viral infection or they are secondary to hypoxia, sepsis, cytokine reaction, and multiple organ failure. Penetrated the brain, COVID-19 can impact the other organs and systems and the body in general. Given the mechanisms of impairment, the survivors after COVID-19 with the infection penetrated the brain are more susceptible to more serious diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, cognitive decline, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Given the multi-factor pathogenesis of COVID-19 resulting in long-term persistence of the clinical symptoms due to impaired neuroplasticity and neurogenesis followed by cholinergic deficiency, the usage of Neuroxon® 1000 mg a day with twice-day dosing for 30 days. Also, a long-term follow-up and control over the COVID-19 patients are recommended for the prophylaxis, timely determination, and correction of long-term complications.

scholarly journals Cerebral vasculitis: clinical features and diagnostic principles

2001 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (3-4) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
I. G. Salikhov ◽  
E. I. Bogdanov ◽  
A. T. Zabbarova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cerebral Vasculitis ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Primary Vasculitis

Cerebral vasculitis (CV) is a severe, potentially disabling disease that usually develops in the presence of rheumatic, infectious, medicinal, or malignant diseases. In rare cases, isolated (primary) vasculitis of the central nervous system (CNS) is observed [17, 33]. The complex pathogenesis, polymorphism of clinical manifestations, and the absence in most cases of reliable non-invasive diagnostic criteria for CV complicate early diagnosis and treatment. In this regard, it seems relevant to analyze the features of clinical manifestations and diagnostic capabilities in cerebrovascular pathology caused by vasculitis.

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