scholarly journals Probabilistic predictive mathematical model of chronic respiratory conditions to reduce the risk of disability in case of poisoning with substances with a pulmonotoxic effect.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
N G Vengerovich ◽  
M A Yudin ◽  
Yu O Konshakov ◽  
S V Chepur ◽  
I M Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Respiratory State ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

In the experimental model of poisoning of rats with phosgene of severe degree (single administration in Tox dose 1 of Lt50 - 3.92 mgґmin/l), the parameters of the respiratory system and histopathological changes of the lung parenchyma were investigated. It was established that 45 days after exposure to phosgene, half of the surviving animals formed a complex of persistent physiological, functional, and structural changes in the syndrome of the syndrome and the chronic respiratory state (J68.4 ICD-10). The main independent predictors from the number of laboratory and functional parameters in the acute period of pulmonary toxicant poisoning (6 hours) were established by the method of mathematical analysis, on the basis of which a model was developed to predict the likelihood of chronic respiratory states in poisoned animals as consequences of severe phosgene poisoning. It is shown that an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the blood plasma by 25% determines the likelihood of late effects of more than 0.95. The obtained mathematical model will allow predicting the characteristics of the flow of affected, in need of emergency medical prevention of chronic respiratory conditions in the provision of medical care in the acute period of pulmonary toxicity poisoning.

Suppression of cell proliferation and programmed cell death by dexamethasone during postnatal lung development

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. L477-L483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Luyet ◽  
Peter H. Burri ◽  
Johannes C. Schittny
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Postnatal Lung Development

Prematurely born babies are often treated with glucocorticoids. We studied the consequences of an early postnatal and short dexamethasone treatment (0.1–0.01 μg/g, days 1–4) on lung development in rats, focusing on its influence on peaks of cell proliferation around day 4 and of programmed cell death at days 19–21. By morphological criteria, we observed a dexamethasone-induced premature maturation of the septa ( day 4), followed by a transient septal immatureness and delayed alveolarization leading to complete rescue of the structural changes. The numbers of proliferating (anti-Ki67) and dying cells (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) were determined and compared with controls. In dexamethasone-treated animals, both the peak of cell proliferation and the peak of programmed cell death were reduced to baseline, whereas the expression of tissue transglutaminase (transglutaminase-C), another marker for postnatal lung maturation, was not significantly altered. We hypothesize that a short neonatal course of dexamethasone leads to severe but transient structural changes of the lung parenchyma and influences the balance between cell proliferation and cell death even in later stages of lung maturation.

scholarly journals Morphological and structural variants of cellular and stromal interaction in a focus of destruction in acute lung abscess and lung gangrene in term of formation and stabilisation of fibrin-associated processes

2008 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Ya. N. Shoikhet ◽  
A. V. Lepilov ◽  
Yu. G. Motin ◽  
A. P. Bochkarev
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Lung Abscess ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Cell Reaction ◽  
Acute Lung Inflammation ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Bilateral Lung ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Purulent and destructive lung diseases are often complicated by loss of anatomic structure of lung tissue, development of lung cirrhosis with subsequent respiratory and heart failure. We performed pathomorphological examination of operational and post mortem lung tissue specimens from 116 inpatients of 25 to 78 years of age with acute lung abscess or lung gangrene who was treated at a pulmonology center from 1999 to 2005. Acute lung inflammation tending to suppuration was characterized by pronounced cell reaction with no "fibrin blockage" and resulted in extended histolysis and abscess formation. "Young" fibrin was often found. Microvessels were fully passable, full-blooded with no fibrin into lumen. At subacute stage, fibrin was "maturing" with subsequent organization and growth of granulated tissue. Clinically, there were sequestered lung abscesses. Massive deposits of "young" and "maturing" fibrin formed "fibrin cocoon" with macrophages and neutrophils bricked up inside. Cell reaction was weak. There were swelling and desquamation of endothelium of microvessels, massive fibrin deposits into vessel lumen and prominent perivascular impregnation with fibrin. This pathological variant could lead to formation of abscess or pulmonary fibrosis with carnification. In cases of massive subtotal or total, often bilateral lung injury with weak delimiting of purulent and destructive process massive destructive zones with resting lung parenchyma faintly impregnated with fibrin were seen. There were no features of fibrin deposition inside microvessels. Functional activity of neutrophils and macrophages was greatly decreased. Therefore, the most favourable pathohistological variant appears to be formation of fibrin blockage consisted of "young" fibrin deposits; prominent cell reaction and absence of microcirculatory block. Structural changes of cells and stroma should be considered during pathological examination in order to provide optimal treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Clinico-physiological profile of patients of pulmonary impairment after tuberculosis at a tertiary care centre

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2999
Author(s):  
Gajendra V. Singh ◽  
Antriksh Srivastava ◽  
Vinisha Chandra ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Rishabh Goel
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Pulmonary Impairment

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a unique infectious disease that more often results in permanent structural changes in the lung parenchyma. It is by virtue of these changes that the patients even after bacteriological cure continue to suffer the after effects of the disease. Objective of study was to assess the clinico-physiological profile of patients of pulmonary impairment after tuberculosis (PIAT) attending S. N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.Methods: Over the time period of 2 years, 350 patients of healed pulmonary tuberculosis were identified and studied about their clinico-physiological profile. This profile included age, sex, category of treatment, pulmonary function test pattern, exercising capacity, exercise tolerance and quality of life.Results: It was found that majority of the patients were males, >60 years of age and had taken Category-II treatment. Most of the patients were having an obstructive pattern on PFT, poor exercise tolerance and exercise capacity and a poor quality of life.Conclusions: Patients of healed pulmonary TB continue to experience respiratory symptoms owing to the permanent anatomical changes in the lung conferred by the disease.

Simulation of frequency dependence of compliance and resistance in healthy man

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bobbaers ◽  
J. Clement ◽  
J. Pardaens ◽  
K. P. Woestijne
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Infinite Number ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Pleural Pressure ◽  
Bronchial Wall ◽  
Sinusoidal Input

The frequency dependence of effective compliance, Ceff, and resistance, Reff, are reproduced by means of a two- or four-compartment linear mathematical model with pleural pressure as a sinusoidal input. The model simulates the mechanical properties of lung parenchyma, alveolar gas, bronchial wall, and cheeks, as well as the distribution of gaseous resistances and inertances within the airways. Values, representative for a young healthy adult, are assigned to these various parametersmit appears from this study: 1) that the gas inertance produces a very marked increase of Ceff, noticeable already below 1 cycle/smto obtain a frequency independence of Ceff between 0 and 2 cycles/s, it is necessary to introduce a marked inhomogeneity in the model. 2) Such an inhomogeneity is realized by simulating a pleural pressure difference of 6 cmH2O between the compartments of the bialveolar model. It can be shown that this corresponds to a total pleural pressure difference of about 9 cmH2O in a model consisting of an infinite number of compartments. 3) The influence of the compressibility of alveolar gas and of mechanical properties of the bronchial wall and of the cheeks on Ceff and Reff is small or negligible.

scholarly journals Molecular and Histopathological Changes Associated with Keratoconus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Lotfy Khaled ◽  
Inas Helwa ◽  
Michelle Drewry ◽  
Mutsa Seremwe ◽  
Amy Estes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Corneal Transplantation ◽  
Leading Indicators ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Molecular Defects ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Corneal Thinning

Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal thinning disorder that leads to loss of visual acuity through ectasia, opacity, and irregular astigmatism. It is one of the leading indicators for corneal transplantation in the Western countries. KC usually starts at puberty and progresses until the third or fourth decade; however its progression differs among patients. In the keratoconic cornea, all layers except the endothelium have been shown to have histopathological structural changes. Despite numerous studies in the last several decades, the mechanisms of KC development and progression remain unclear. Both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of KC. Many previous articles have reviewed the genetic aspects of KC, but in this review we summarize the histopathological features of different layers of cornea and discuss the differentially expressed proteins in the KC-affected cornea. This summary will help emphasize the major molecular defects in KC and identify additional research areas related to KC, potentially opening up possibilities for novel methods of KC prevention and therapeutic intervention.

Research on Damping Properties of Seperated and Manually Adjustable Shock Absorber Oriented to Damping Matching

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Feng Song ◽  
Gong Ke Yang ◽  
Chun Xiao Du
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Damping Properties ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Test Use ◽  
The Mathematical Model

On the basis of the structure characteristics of the seperated manually adjustable damper and its working principles, establish the shock absorber mathematical model, at the same time, get test data and curves of seperated manually adjustable shock absorber damping characteristics by bench test. Use MATLAB to simulate the characteristic curve of the speed of the shock absorber based on the mathematical model. The simulation curves and experimental curves were compared to verify the correctness and accuracy of the model. Further simulation and analysis affect of parts of structural changes on the damping characteristics. In order to provide a theoretical basis to structural parameters designing and vehicle damping matching.

scholarly journals Acute Presentation of Amiodarone Toxicity with Pleural Involvement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Ramachandran ◽  
Jaicob Varghese ◽  
Meera Haridas ◽  
Rajesh Venkitakrishnan ◽  
Jolsana Augustine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Amiodarone Therapy ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia ◽  
Acute Presentation ◽  
Massive Pleural Effusion ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Pleural Involvement

Amiodarone is a frequently prescribed anti-arrhythmic drug which is used to treat ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. Although it has excellent efficacy in controlling or preventing common arrhythmias, it is potentially associated with a variety of adverse effects, the most serious of these being pulmonary toxicity. Amiodarone-associated toxicities are usually seen in solid organs like lung, spleen and thyroid due to extension of its pharmacokinetic properties. The presentation is often subacute. Acute presentation with pleural involvement is distinctly uncommon in amiodarone toxicity and can pose diagnostic challenges. Here the case presented is of a 67 year old female with multiple co-morbidities on amiodarone therapy, who presented with massive pleural effusion and respiratory failure. Typical radiological findings along with exclusion of alternate causes with appropriate tests led to a diagnosis of amiodarone toxicity involving lung parenchyma, pleura, liver and other organs. She responded to withdrawal of drug, steroid therapy and supportive care.

scholarly journals Ultra-high-resolution computed tomography shows changes in the lungs related with airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine asthma model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Woo Jung ◽  
Jung Suk Oh ◽  
Boram Bae ◽  
Yoon Hae Ahn ◽  
Lucy Wooyeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Asthma Model

AbstractIn vivo presentation of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) at the different time points of the allergic reaction is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate how AHR manifests in the airway and the lung parenchyma in vivo following exposure to different stimuli and in the early and late phases of asthma after allergen exposure. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma model was established using 6-week female BALB/c mice. Enhanced pause was measured with a non-invasive method to assess AHR. The dynamic changes of the airway and lung parenchyma were evaluated with ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (128 multi-detector, 1024 × 1024 matrix) for 10 h. While the methacholine challenge showed no grossly visible changes in the proximal airway and lung parenchyma despite provoking AHR, the OVA challenge induced significant immediate changes manifesting as peribronchial ground glass opacities, consolidations, air-trapping, and paradoxical proximal airway dilatations. After resolution of immediate response, multiple episodes of AHRs occurred with paradoxical proximal airway dilatation and peripheral air-trapping in late phase over a prolonged time period in vivo. Understanding of airflow limitation based on the structural changes of asthmatic airway would be helpful to make an appropriate drug delivery strategy for the treatment of asthma.

scholarly journals Pachymic acid inhibits inflammation and cell apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model with pneumonia by regulating NF-κB and MAPK pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-93
Author(s):  
Yanjun Gui ◽  
Lijuan Sun ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Jinzhu Luo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Mapk Pathways ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Pachymic Acid ◽  
Triterpene Compound

Pneumonia is a common infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms that infect the lung parenchyma. Anti-infective drugs are one of the preferred choices for the treatment of pneumonia. Pachymic acid (PA) is a lanolin triterpene compound from Poria cocos, which has antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Although PA inhibits inflammatory response in a variety of diseases, its role in pneumonia is not clear. In this study, we established that PA improved histopathological changes in the lungs of rats with pneumonia. PA inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the serum of rats having pneumonia. In addition, PA inhibited the apoptosis of cells from rat lung tissues. Mechanically, PA inhibited inflammation and cell apoptosis via NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Therefore, PA could serve as a promising drug for treating pneumonia.

Effects of passive smoking on adult nasal respiratory mucosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (10) ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Elwany ◽  
Y H Saeed ◽  
I Talaat
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Respiratory Mucosa ◽  
Passive Exposure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mucosal Changes

AbstractObjective:The present study aimed to investigate nasal mucosal changes in response to passive exposure to cigarette smoke.Study design:The study included 20 women aged 35–51 years who were scheduled for non-rhinological surgical procedures, and who had at least 10 years' prolonged passive exposure to household cigarette smoke. During surgery, two 1-mm3 biopsies of nasal mucosa were taken from the lower border of the inferior turbinate. Specimens were processed and examined with light and transmission electron microscopy.Results:Examination of the nasal mucosa showed several histopathological changes. The severity of structural changes increased with duration of smoke exposure. No allergic or neoplastic changes were seen.Conclusion:Passive exposure to cigarette smoke has a deleterious effect on the nasal respiratory mucosa. Prolonged passive smoke exposure may also induce other, significant changes not detected in the present study.

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