scholarly journals Future developments and advances in disinfectants and application modes for use in departments, military units and medical facilities in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
A A Ivanov ◽  
A B Seleznev ◽  
N V Komissarov ◽  
E V Ivchenko ◽  
A B Yudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Electric Power Station ◽  
The North ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Chemical Solutions ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Extreme North

There were performed test and development review concerning disinfection procedures in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North, an assessment of their sophistication, and determination of possible ways to enhancement of efficiency. It was found that long-term low temperatures, geographical distance and hard-to-reach territories, weak natural self-regeneration mechanism of biocenosis, development of human hypersensitivity to infectious agents, congestion of personnel at camping and operation places define the urgency of creation of modern chemical and technical disinfectants which are effective in the north. The basic requirements to these disinfectants were formulated. Thus, process chemical solutions should not become frozen over a period that biocide effect takes; disinfectants to use in human presence should meet the operational criteria for sealable inhabited objects. Engineering tools should be equipped with productive snowmelters, heat-insulated rooms, all-terrain running gear, liquid fuel -powered cauldrons, heaters, electric power station. Promising directions of new disinfectants advancing and development were determined. It’s necessary to study infectious and parasitic morbidity in the Arctic and Extreme North, the causes and conditions governing its structure and dynamics, specificity of epidemic process. The establishment of special climate chambers with variable capacities for materials and goods disinfection mode development, including the use of engineering tools; it is essential to choose or develop the study methods of arctic climatic factors influence on test microorganisms, operating procedure behavior of disinfection, worked objects’ properties. The studies of microbial contamination specifics seemed perspective, both in the environment and within inhabited objects, under long-term exposure of low temperatures; the search of biocidic technologies and factors for making disinfectants, modes and methods of application; substantiation of disinfection procedures tactics. Instructional and methodological base preparing will allow to perform perspective studies and disinfection procedures in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North in accordance with contemporary requirements.

scholarly journals Predictors of invertebrate biomass and rate of advancement of invertebrate phenology across eight sites in the North American Arctic

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-257
Author(s):  
Rebecca Shaftel ◽  
Daniel J. Rinella ◽  
Eunbi Kwon ◽  
Stephen C. Brown ◽  
H. River Gates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Chick Survival ◽  
The North ◽  
Phenological Mismatch ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
North American Arctic

AbstractAverage annual temperatures in the Arctic increased by 2–3 °C during the second half of the twentieth century. Because shorebirds initiate northward migration to Arctic nesting sites based on cues at distant wintering grounds, climate-driven changes in the phenology of Arctic invertebrates may lead to a mismatch between the nutritional demands of shorebirds and the invertebrate prey essential for egg formation and subsequent chick survival. To explore the environmental drivers affecting invertebrate availability, we modeled the biomass of invertebrates captured in modified Malaise-pitfall traps over three summers at eight Arctic Shorebird Demographics Network sites as a function of accumulated degree-days and other weather variables. To assess climate-driven changes in invertebrate phenology, we used data from the nearest long-term weather stations to hindcast invertebrate availability over 63 summers, 1950–2012. Our results confirmed the importance of both accumulated and daily temperatures as predictors of invertebrate availability while also showing that wind speed negatively affected invertebrate availability at the majority of sites. Additionally, our results suggest that seasonal prey availability for Arctic shorebirds is occurring earlier and that the potential for trophic mismatch is greatest at the northernmost sites, where hindcast invertebrate phenology advanced by approximately 1–2.5 days per decade. Phenological mismatch could have long-term population-level effects on shorebird species that are unable to adjust their breeding schedules to the increasingly earlier invertebrate phenologies.

Methodologies for Evaluating and Qualifying External Pipeline Coatings for Northern Pipelines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Papavinasam ◽  
A. Doiron ◽  
T. Panneerselvam ◽  
Y. Lafrenie`re ◽  
M. Attard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
The North

The design of coatings must be adequate to protect pipelines under long-term, severe environmental conditions, including the extreme climatic conditions that will apply in the North before the pipe is installed and operation begins. Practices and standardised methodologies for evaluating and qualifying pipeline coatings for application in northern pipelines are discussed. Results from laboratory and field experiments, carried out under the conditions to which coatings will be exposed during construction, are presented. Based on 1-year laboratory experiments in which samples were exposed to temperatures as low as −45°C and limited data from the field experiments, it is concluded that Canadian Standards Association (CSA) standards CSA Z662, CSA Z245.20 and CSA Z245.21 adequately cover evaluation of coatings for northern pipelines. However, in order to evaluate the effects of low-temperatures, the specimens should be exposed for at least 4 months. Coatings qualified by CSA Z245.21 (System B1 and B2) are less affected from exposure to low-temperatures than those qualified by CSA Z245.21 (System A1) and CSA Z245.20.

PATTERNS OF DIVERSITY IN THE CANADIAN INSECT FAUNA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (S165) ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Danks
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The West ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
The North ◽  
Historical Factors

AbstractThe diversity of the Canadian insect fauna decreases and its composition (at all taxonomic levels) changes as climates become progressively more harsh toward the north. This climatic trend dominates patterns of diversity, but many other factors interact to produce the observed patterns. In the arctic, species richness is greatest in the west. Farther south, overall species richness is greatest in the west (especially British Columbia), associated with coastal and cordilleran habitats, and to a somewhat smaller degree in the southeast (especially Ontario), associated with deciduous forests and particularly with transitional forests which occupy a large area of southeastern Canada. However, certain taxa are better represented in the west or in the east, depending on present-day habitats and on historical factors. These conclusions, based chiefly on a sample of taxa of different types, are possible only because basic systematic work has been carried out to distinguish and map the species. Preliminary data on numerical patterns, such as the numbers of species relative to different potential resources such as host plants in different zones, tend to suggest that the occurrence of species in the north may depend so heavily on climatic factors that potential resources are not fully exploited and the effects of interspecific interactions on diversity are reduced.

scholarly journals STRAIGHT TO THE NORTH: ARCTIC EXPLORATION IN ARTISTS’ WORKS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1/2021) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Maksimov ◽  
◽  
A.B. Mambetova ◽  
A.I. Krivichev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Graphic Arts ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arctic Exploration ◽  
Art Community ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
Creative Team

The article provides an overview on the history of the Kola Arctic region and the Arctic artistic exploration based on the “Straight to the North” temporary exhibition in Murmansk Regional Art Museum, 2019. Pieces of icon painting, decorative and applied arts, books, household items, painting and graphic arts and collection of the Kola Peninsula minerals were exhibited there. Some art works are described in details: paintings of Russian artists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and Soviet artists, including painters from Murmansk and members of “The Arctic” creative team in 1978–1985. The authors analysed, how social and economic development of the Kola Arctic region influenced new art styles and directions: from plein air painting under the Extreme North conditions to industrial landscapes and creation of an art community. The authors dedicate the article to the memory of Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, the leader of “The Arctic” creative team Arvi Ivanovich Huttunen (31.08.1922–27.08.2020).

scholarly journals STAFF FOR THE ARCTIC: ON T HE WAY TO A N EW MANAGEMENT CULTURE FOR THE NORTH DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-264
Author(s):  
ALGIRDAS MANIUSHIS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
The North ◽  
Modern System ◽  
The Russian Federation

The long-term success of Russia and its competitiveness in global markets depend crucially on the implementation of the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. And the successful implementation of large-scale projects and programs involved in the Strategy requires appropriate managerial personnel. The article deals with the formation of a modern system of training, retraining and advanced training of managerial personnel in the interests of sustainable development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Attraction of investments as the main factor in the development of the macroregion siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 01059
Author(s):  
Oleg Repinskiy ◽  
Maria Gubanischeva ◽  
Natalya Romaneskul
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Main Factor

The macroregion Siberia possess large reserves of natural resources, which makes it possible to create a modern high-tech infrastructure for their extraction and processing. The production of final products in this region can become a driving force for the development of the Russian economy in the medium and long term. Unlocking the potential of Siberia and the Far East requires significant investments comparable to the money spent by the USSR for the development of Western Siberia, the North, the Arctic and the construction of the BAM (the Baikal-Amur Mainline). The volume of public investment is insufficient for the dynamic development of the region, so to obtain additional investment funds stimulation of the private sector of the economy is required. Potential investors have the sufficient financial resources, but it is necessary to improve an investment climate in Russia. It will allow the country to attract the maximum amount of money. To improve the investment climate one should make significant changes in the management, legal, banking and other aspects of business activity in Russia.

HYDROLOGICAL REGIONS IN SCANDINAVIA AND FINLAND

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAGNAR MELIN
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
The North ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

The rivers of Scandinavia and Finland are studied with regard to regime, regional distribution, and long-term variations in discharge. The regime studies are based on monthly mean coefficients, i.e. the relation between the monthly means and the average annual discharge for a 30-year period. Within the two main areas of nival highland and lowland regime and Atlantic snow and rain regime (Fig. 1), different regime types have been studied (Figs. 2 and 3, tables 2-4). The regional distribution has been estimated with correlation coefficients and relations between means for one year expressed as a percentage of the mean discharge of 1931-60. Some of the correlation coefficients are shown in Table 5. The variations of 30- and 10-year mean discharge in percentage of the mean discharge 1911-60. have been studied by the method of moving averages from the year 1901 (Figs. 4-9). As to the 30-year records there are four regions with different trends, the North Calotte with two parts, the Arctic Sea part and the inland, the Scandinavian high mountain district, Vestland in Norway, and the eastern lowland (Fig. 10). The relations between discharge, precipitation, and temperature are discussed. Based on the results of the studies, mainly those of regional distribution together with other elements such as the situation of drainage areas and runoff values, hydrological regions have been delineated, Fig. 11.

Soviet terms for the north of the USSR

Polar Record ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (69) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Precise Meaning ◽  
The North ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
The Arctic Region

There has for long been discussion among Soviet geographers on the definition of various terms in Soviet usage to indicate the northern part of the USSR. Some of these terms—“the Arctic” [Arktika], “the Arctic region” [arkticheskaya oblast'], “the sub-Arctic” [subarktika], “the polar regions” [Zapolyar'ye]—are normally used to denote areas defined according to physical criteria. Such criteria are similar to those usually applied outside the USSR, such as the “10° C. July isotherm”, the “tree line”, or the “limit of continuous permafrost”, and, again as in the non-Soviet world, the terms have no generally accepted precise meaning and must be defined by each user. But in addition to these terms for natural regions, there are certain terms in predominantly economic and administrative usage: “the north” [sever], “the far north” [dal'niy sever], “the extreme north” [krayniy sever], “the northern marches” [severnyye okrainy], and “the Soviet north” [sovetskiy sever]. Some explanation of their current connotations may be helpful to those studying Soviet literature.

scholarly journals Military-Political Situation in the Arctic: Hotspots of Tension and Ways of De-Escalation

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
Andrey V. ZAGORSKIY ◽  
◽  
Andrey A. TODOROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Exercises ◽  
Harsh Climate ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
Arctic Area ◽  
The Military

The article describes the politico-military situation in the Arctic, including the development of military capabilities of states in the region, the coastal infrastructure, the scales and the manner of military exercises, as well as the dynamics of the military landscape in the Arctic. The authors argue that the mili-tary capabilities in most parts of the Arctic remain moderate, primarily due to harsh climate restraints. However, military activity both of NATO member-states and Russia has increased considerably recently in the Euro-Arctic area adjacent to the North Atlantic, in particular in the waters of the Barents and the Nor-wegian seas. Mutual military deterrence in this area represents a "new old" normal that will shape the security situation in the Arctic in the long term. The article concludes by considering possible options for preventing escalation and minimizing the concerns of the sides by restoring a full, regular and institutionalized military dialogue between Russia and the rest of the Arctic states.

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