scholarly journals Modelling Emergency Evacuation of Classroom with Different Age Profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Devi Vanumu ◽  
Aditya Arya ◽  
Hari Krishna Gaddam ◽  
K. Ramachandra Rao
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Building Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Error Method

Evacuation characteristics of pedestrians can be captured under two different conditions - one in immediate and another in non-immediate. The safe and quick evacuation of pedestrians from a building in any situation depends on pedestrian and building characteristics. Understanding the behaviour of pedestrians in emergency situations such as earthquake or fire accident helps in designing buildings for safe evacuation. In view of the limited research on this problem in the Indian subcontinent, this study aims to capture the pedestrian flow characteristics in emergency situations by conducting several experiments in a classroom environment. As a part of the experimental study, the students were instructed to behave as if they were in an emergency evacuation situation. Data was collected on pedestrians with different age profiles such as high school, under graduate and post graduate students considering various scenarios that includes different door widths. Several factors such as number of pedestrians, width of the door, average age of the pedestrians, Body Mass Index, proportion of females, number of students and classroom capacity are considered and their influence on evacuation characteristics was analysed. Based on the observations, an evacuation model has been developed using least square error method. Results show that the variables such as door width and number of students are crucial in representing evacuation time of the classroom. It was found that the relationship between total evacuation time (TET) and door width is represented by power function. This is contrast to the findings of existing literature which shows that the relationship between flow and door width is linear. Our results are best supported by the fact that the TET is exponentially varying with door width till a particular value and remains constant for further increase in door width which is realistic in nature. It is anticipated that the results of the study would provide guidelines to various agencies on managing evacuations. This can also lead to suggestions on optimization of layouts while designing various building access facilities in an academic environment.

scholarly journals Simulation of Passenger Evacuation Process in Cruise Ships Based on A Multi-Grid Model

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Hu ◽  
Wei Cai ◽  
Haiou Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Grid Model ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Space Layout ◽  
The Relationship

The evacuation of the cruise ship is directly related to the safety of passengers during accidents. The method for avoiding and reducing casualties in accidents has become a research frontier of maritime safety. This paper presents the simulation of a passenger evacuation process using a multi-grid model. In the model, directions of passengers’ movement are extended and the relationship between passengers’ orientation and the walking speed under the inclining condition is also analyzed in detail. Considering the space layout, the attraction of the mainstream crowd and exclusion between individuals, the probability of passengers’ transfer between grids is established. The deck of the cruise ship is taken as the evacuation scenario and four parameters are defined for the scenario according to International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines. The process of evacuation in the cruise ship is simulated under upright and inclining conditions. Through the analysis of simulation results, evacuation bottleneck data and the relation between inclined angles and evacuation time are obtained. This work may provide a reference for formulating emergency evacuation plans for cruise ships.

scholarly journals Study on Emergency Evacuation and Intervention Behavior of Population with Spatial Knowledge Integrity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yan Mao ◽  
Jing Jing Xiong ◽  
Wu He
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Emergency Scenarios ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The level of spatial knowledge integrity of a population is crucial for fire escape behavior. The use of appropriate interventions for people with different levels of spatial knowledge can effectively improve evacuation efficiency. However, different emergency situations also have different effects on evacuation behavior. In this paper, we combine spatial knowledge integrity, intervention behavior and emergency situations in a fire evacuation study. To complete this study, 128 participants were recruited using VR technology, classified into spatial knowledge completeness, and studied crowd evacuation through different intervention behaviors in different simulated emergency scenarios. The results of the study showed that participants with complete spatial knowledge had shorter evacuation distances and times. Secondly, leader interventions guided evacuation better for participants with incomplete spatial knowledge in low-hazard emergencies, while range interventions were better for participants with complete spatial knowledge. Thirdly, in high-risk emergencies, leader intervention was better than range intervention for evacuation, regardless of spatial knowledge completeness. Fourth, the interaction between spatial knowledge completeness and intervention behavior was significant, positively influencing the evacuation time and distance of participants.

Analysis on Game Behaviors of Passengers in Emergency Evacuation in Subway Station

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 576-582
Author(s):  
Ling Hong ◽  
Rui Hua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Emergency Event ◽  
Game Features ◽  
Special Environment ◽  
The Relationship

This paper proceeds from safety which is fundamental guarantee of rail transit sustainable development with the special environment of stations to analyze effects of passengers’ psychologies and behaviors and information of the emergency in the process of emergency evacuation, and studies the game features passengers and ‘emergency event’ and passengers in between. Firstly, single passageway is studied. Then the concept of relative density is presented, the relationship among evacuation time with passenger flow volume, running velocity of passengers, density, length and width of passageway are found out. Finally suggestions are made on contingency measures against the emergency.

The Impact of Competitive Quasi-Market on Service Delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Idoko Peter
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
State University ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research the impact of competitive quasi market on service delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria. Both primary and secondary source of data and information were used for the study and questionnaire was used to extract information from the purposively selected respondents. The population for this study is one hundred and seventy three (173) administrative staff of Benue State University selected at random. The statistical tools employed was the classical ordinary least square (OLS) and the probability value of the estimates was used to tests hypotheses of the study. The result of the study indicates that a positive relationship exist between Competitive quasi marketing in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (CQM) and Transparency in the service delivery (TRSP) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a negative effect on Observe Competence in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (OBCP) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a positive effect on Innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. This means that a unit increases in Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) will result to a corresponding increase in innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) by a margin of 22.5%. It was concluded that government monopoly in the provision of certain types of services has greatly affected the quality of service experience in the institution. It was recommended among others that the stakeholders in the market has to be transparent so that the system will be productive to serve the society effectively

A Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling: Prestige Perception in Tourism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Kayak
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Destination Brand ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intention To Revisit ◽  
Brand Prestige

This study aims to investigate destination brand prestige, and to explore the mediating effects of destination brand worldness between destination brand prestige and intention to revisit. Research is designed to collect primary data from the Taiwanese tourists. Partial least squares structural equation modeling is used to test the effects. The research model is appropriately implemented in Smart PLS 3 and a full mediation has existed through the empirical findings. The study shows how destination brand worldness mediates the relationship between destination brand prestige and intention to revisit.

scholarly journals Does Foreign Direct Investment Influence Renewable Energy Consumption? Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3470
Author(s):  
Xueqing Kang ◽  
Farman Ullah Khan ◽  
Raza Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Shams Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Relationship

In selected South Asian countries, the study intends to investigate the relationship between urban population (UP), carbon dioxide (CO2), trade openness (TO), gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), and renewable energy (RE). Fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) models for estimation were used in the study, which covered yearly data from 1990 to 2019. We used Levin–Lin–Chu, Im–Pesaran–Shin, and Fisher PP tests for the stationarity of the variables. The outcomes of the panel cointegration approach looked at whether there was a long-run equilibrium nexus between selected variables in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. The FMOLS approach was also used to assess the relationship, and the results suggest that there is a significant and negative nexus between FDI and renewable energy in south Asian nations. The study’s findings reveal a strong and favorable relationship between GDP and renewable energy use. In South Asian nations (Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh), the FMOLS and DOLS findings are nearly identical, but the authors used the DOLS model for robustification. According to the findings, policymakers in South Asian economies (Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh) should view GDP and FDI as fundamental policy instruments for environmental sustainability. To reduce reliance on hazardous energy sources, the government should also reassure financial sectors to participate in renewable energy.

An improved de Laval nozzle experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 030641902110341
Author(s):  
Nicholas Goodman ◽  
Brian J Leege ◽  
Peter E Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Laval Nozzle ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Isentropic Flow ◽  
Hands On ◽  
De Laval Nozzle ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Exposing students to hands-on experiments has been a common approach to illustrating complex physical phenomena that have been otherwise modelled solely mathematically. Compressible, isentropic flow in a duct is an example of such a phenomenon, and it is often demonstrated via a de Laval nozzle experiment. We have improved an existing converging/diverging nozzle experiment so that students can modify the location of the normal shock that develops in the diverging portion to better understand the relationship between the shock and the pressure. We have also improved the data acquisition system for this experiment and explained how visualisation of the standing shock is now possible. The results of the updated system demonstrate that the accuracy of the isentropic flow characteristics has not been lost. Through pre- and post-laboratory quizzes, we show the impact on student learning as well.

Design and optimization of bump (compression surface) for diverterless supersonic inlet

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002110029
Author(s):  
Irsalan Arif ◽  
Hassan Iftikhar ◽  
Ali Javed
Keyword(s):  
Fitness Function ◽  
Supersonic Jet ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Pressure Recovery ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Inlet System ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Supersonic Inlet

In this article design and optimization scheme of a three-dimensional bump surface for a supersonic aircraft is presented. A baseline bump and inlet duct with forward cowl lip is initially modeled in accordance with an existing bump configuration on a supersonic jet aircraft. Various design parameters for bump surface of diverterless supersonic inlet systems are identified, and design space is established using sensitivity analysis to identify the uncertainty associated with each design parameter by the one-factor-at-a-time approach. Subsequently, the designed configurations are selected by performing a three-level design of experiments using the Box–Behnken method and the numerical simulations. Surrogate modeling is carried out by the least square regression method to identify the fitness function, and optimization is performed using genetic algorithm based on pressure recovery as the objective function. The resultant optimized bump configuration demonstrates significant improvement in pressure recovery and flow characteristics as compared to baseline configuration at both supersonic and subsonic flow conditions and at design and off-design conditions. The proposed design and optimization methodology can be applied for optimizing the bump surface design of any diverterless supersonic inlet system for maximizing the intake performance.

scholarly journals Auditors, Underwriters, and Firm Owners’ Interaction in an IPO Environment: The Case of OECD Nations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6281
Author(s):  
Sheela Sundarasen ◽  
Kamilah Kamaludin ◽  
Izani Ibrahim ◽  
Usha Rajagopalan ◽  
Nevi Danila
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Firm Owners ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the effects of interactions among key stakeholders, i.e., auditors, underwriters, and firm owners on IPOs’ first-day returns in selected OECD nations. It also examines the alteration effects of legal origin (Common law and Civil law) on the relationship between the interacted key stakeholders and IPOs’ first-day returns. A total of four thousand one hundred and sixty-four IPOs from twenty-eight OECD nations are included in this study. Since it is cross-sectional data, a two-stage least square regression is applied. The empirical outcomes indicate that, in general, the interacted reputable underwriters and auditors have a positive impact on IPOs’ first-day return. The relationship is modified between common law and civil law nations, whereby in civil law nations, no significance is demonstrated except for the interaction between the reputable auditors and underwriters. In the common law nation, interactions between reputable auditors and ownership retention have an impact on IPOs’ first-day return. The research findings provide outlooks into an IPO framework for issuers, investors, and regulators. Issuers may want to weigh carefully the costs and benefits of hiring credible auditors and underwriters when going public as they act as signaling agents. As for the investors, they should take into consideration the involvement of reputable underwriters and auditors and the degree to which the IPO firms retain ownership, as the interactive effects give clear signals on firm valuation and IPOs’ first-day returns. Regulators may find the findings informative concerning the creation of a more organized regulatory and financial system that could lead to a deeper and more open financial market.

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