scholarly journals Field Theory in Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Méndez Omaña
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Field Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physical Situation ◽  
Social Event ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Psychological Space ◽  
Plausibility Control ◽  
Natural Way

The aim of this paper is to present K. Lewin’s Field Theory in practice, applying it to evacuation simulations. The construction of the field is discussed from the scratch in order to define the psychological space of a social event. Then, we illustrate the interplay of the physical and the psychological aspects of a mathematical model of human behavior presenting and discussing evacuation simulations of one event. At first we simulate the physical situation and then we calculate an evacuation time applying an elementary microscopic model. An empirical plausibility control is presented. When we apply mathematical modeling or cybernetic methods to social sciences we are said to be careful. Nevertheless, a social event might be considered, on a natural way, as a set of time series, from the point of view of statistics. In this paper we restrict ourselves to introduce probabilities of random variables associated to the physical and the psychological space and define a measure for the evacuation simulation: The entropy of the event, merging the physical and the psychological spaces.

To the Question of the Classification Patterns of Social Stratification in the Countries of the World (Brief Overview of Some Concepts and Author’s Comment)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
S. N. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World

The author considers the problems of typification of society. Some concepts of typification of social stratification models in different countries formulated and justified in historical and legal, historical, sociological, and economic scientific literature are reviewed. The circumstances that make it difficult to formulate universal concepts designed for application in the complex of social Sciences are identified. These circumstances include insufficient consideration of legal factors, including the position of the legislator, the specifics of the corporate legal status, and the characteristics of the mechanism for changing individual legal status. The author offers a variant of classification of society types from the point of view of legal registration of their structure. The possibility of distinguishing types such as consolidated companies and segmented companies is justified.

Defending the Difference

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Natural Entities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Dreyfus argues that there is a basic methodological difference between the natural sciences and the social sciences, a difference that derives from the different goals and practices of each. He goes on to argue that being a realist about natural entities is compatible with pluralism or, as he calls it, “plural realism.” If intelligibility is always grounded in our practices, Dreyfus points out, then there is no point of view from which one can ask about or provide an answer to the one true nature of ultimate reality. But that is consistent with believing that the natural sciences can still reveal the way the world is independent of our theories and practices.

scholarly journals The Learning to Learn Competence in Early Childhood Preservice Teachers: An Outdoor and e/m-Learning Experience in the Museum

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Daniel Abril-López ◽  
Hortensia Morón-Monge ◽  
María del Carmen Morón-Monge ◽  
María Dolores López Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning To Learn ◽  
Outdoor Experience ◽  
Outdoor Experiences

This study was developed with Early Childhood Preservice Teachers within the framework of the Teaching and Learning of Social Sciences over three academic years (2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019–2020) at the University of Alcalá. The main objective was to improve the learning to learn competence during teacher training from an outdoor experience at the Museum of Guadalajara (Spain), using e/m-learning tools (Blackboard Learn, Google Forms, QR codes, and websites) and the inquiry-based learning approach. To ascertain the level of acquisition of this competence in those teachers who were being trained, their self-perception—before and after—of the outdoor experience was assessed through a system of categories adapted from the European Commission. The results show a certain improvement in this competence in Early Childhood Preservice Teachers. Additionally, this outdoor experience shows the insufficient educational adaptation of the museum to the early childhood education stage from a social sciences point of view. Finally, we highlight the importance of carrying out outdoor experiences from an inquiry-based education approach. These outdoor experiences should be carried out in places like museums to encourage contextualized and experiential learning of the youngest in formal education.

scholarly journals Phenomenology and Hermeneutics in Brazilian Religious Studies

Open Theology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-257
Author(s):  
Eduardo Gross
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short History ◽  
Phenomenological Hermeneutics

Abstract Brazilian Religious Studies have a short history, with prevalence of descriptive and social sciences approaches. Sometimes phenomenology and hermeneutics are perspectives claimed as philosophical guides or as methods to be used, but often obscurities remain among these claims. Critiques against such perspectives have been formulated, but these are not always careful regarding fundamental issues concerning them. With better clarification of phenomenological hermeneutics’ principles, it is possible to offer useful guidance for understanding Religious Studies as an important discipline in Humanities, without unbalanced views of it that favor simply an empiricist point of view.

STOCHASTIC FIELD THEORY AND RENORMALIZATION GROUP APPROACH TO CRITICAL BEHAVIORS IN THERMO FIELD DYNAMICS

1989 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
pp. 2185-2210
Author(s):  
B. BHATTACHARYA
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Renormalization Group ◽  
Finite Temperature ◽  
Internal Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Stochastic Field ◽  
Stochastic Fields ◽  
Renormalization Group Approach

We have studied here the critical behaviors in a simple model from the point of view of the renormalization group at finite temperature utilizing the Stochastic field theoretic approach towards a finite temperature field theory. To this end, thermofield dynamics has been formulated in terms of Stochastic fields in the external and internal space and the thermal average of the two-point correlation function of the internal field functions is related with the order parameter. The thermodynamical functions and the critical phenomena are then studied constructing the generating functionals involving Stochastic fields.

ON ROBERTS’ PROOF OF THE TURAEV-WALKER THEOREM

1996 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 427-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICCARDO BENEDETTI ◽  
CARLO PETRONIO
Keyword(s):  
Euler Characteristic ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Algebraic Approach ◽  
Fusion Rule ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Witten Invariant ◽  
Manifolds With Boundary ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Skein Theory ◽  
Natural Way

In this paper we discuss the beautiful idea of Justin Roberts [7] (see also [8]) to re-obtain the Turaev-Viro invariants [11] via skein theory, and re-prove elementarily the Turaev-Walker theorem [9], [10], [13]. We do this by exploiting the presentation of 3-manifolds introduced in [1], [4]. Our presentation supports in a very natural way a formal implementation of Roberts’ idea. More specifically, what we show is how to explicitly extract from an o-graph (the object by which we represent a manifold, see below), one of the framed links in S3 which Roberts uses in the construction of his invariant, and a planar diagrammatic representation of such a link. This implies that the proofs of invariance and equality with the Turaev-Viro invariant can be carried out in a completely “algebraic” way, in terms of a planar diagrammatic calculus which does not require any interpretation of 3-dimensional figures. In particular, when proving the “term-by-term” equality of the expansion of the Roberts invariant with the state sum which gives the Turaev-Viro invariant, we simultaneously apply several times the “fusion rule” (which is formally defined, strictly speaking, only in diagrammatic terms), showing that the “braiding and twisting” which a priori may exist on tetrahedra is globally dispensable. In our point of view the success of this formal “algebraic” approach witnesses a certain efficiency of our presentation of 3-manifolds via o-graphs. In this work we will widely use recoupling theory which was very clearly exposed in [2], and therefore we will avoid recalling notations. Actually, for the purpose of stating and proving our results we will need to slightly extend the class of trivalent ribbon diagrams on which the bracket can be computed. We also address the reader to the references quoted in [2], in particular for the fundamental contributions of Lickorish to this area. In our approach it is more natural to consider invariants of compact 3-manifolds with non-empty boundary. The case of closed 3-manifolds is included by introducing a correction factor corresponding to boundary spheres, as explained in §2. Our main result is actually an extension to manifolds with boundary of the Turaev-Walker theorem: we show that the Turaev-Viro invariant of such a manifold coincides (up to a factor which depends on the Euler characteristic) with the Reshetikhin-Turaev-Witten invariant of the manifold mirrored in its boundary.

Experimental Study of an Airplane Accident Evacuation/Rescue Simulation Using 3D Kinematic Digital Human Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
Test Field ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Emergency Exit ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

The 3D mass evacuation simulation of an airplane accident is experimentally verified. Evacuee motion has been experimentally investigated by building a test field that emulates the interior of an actual regional airliner with a capacity of approximately 100 passengers. The experiment results indicate that the evacuation time tends to be affected by the number of passengers and the evacuee guidance at the emergency exit. The results also indicate that any evacuation delay in exiting by individual passengers only slightly affects the total evacuation time because of evacuee congestion in the aisles. Moreover, the importance of evacuation guidance notification was investigated based on the evacuation-order variance. Finally, the experimental results were compared to the corresponding simulation results. Simulations using appropriate evacuee walking speeds can provide valid evacuation times, which are the most important factor in designing evacuation drills. Consequently, these results should be applied to existing 3D simulations using precise KDH models for more accurate mass evacuation/rescue simulations.

Simulation and Experiment of Mass Evacuation to a Tsunami Evacuation Tower

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Group Population ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

A 3D mass evacuation simulation using precise kinematic digital human (KDH) models and an experimental study are discussed. The tidal wave associated with the large tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake was responsible for more than 90% of the disaster casualties. Unfortunately, it is expected that other huge tsunamis could occur in Japan coastal areas if an earthquake with magnitude greater than 8 occurred along the Nankai Trough. Therefore, recent disaster prevention plans should include evacuation to higher buildings, elevated ground, and construction of tsunami evacuation towers. In the evacuation simulation with 500 KDHs, the mass consists of several subgroups. It is shown that the possible evacuation path of each group should be carefully determined to minimize the evacuation time. Several properties such as evacuee motion characteristics of KDHs, number of evacuees, exit gates and, number of injured persons were carefully considered in the simulation. Evacuee motion was also experimentally investigated by building a test field that simulates the structure of an actual tsunami evacuation tower for accommodating approximately 120 evacuees. The experimental results suggest that an appropriately divided group population may effectively reduce the overall group evacuation time. The results also suggest that the fatigue due to walking during evacuation adversely affect the total evacuation time, especially the ascent of stairways. The experimental data can be used to obtain more accurate simulations of mass evacuation.

scholarly journals Control Systems and Number Theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Fuhuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Functions ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
State Equation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Feedback Connection ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Natural Way

We try to pave a smooth road to a proper understanding of control problems in terms of mathematical disciplines, and partially show how to number-theorize some practical problems. Our primary concern is linear systems from the point of view of our principle of visualization of the state, an interface between the past and the present. We view all the systems as embedded in the state equation, thus visualizing the state. Then we go on to treat the chain-scattering representation of the plant of Kimura 1997, which includes the feedback connection in a natural way, and we consider theH∞-control problem in this framework. We may view in particular the unit feedback system as accommodated in the chain-scattering representation, giving a better insight into the structure of the system. Its homographic transformation works as the action of the symplectic group on the Siegel upper half-space in the case of constant matrices. Both ofH∞- and PID-controllers are applied successfully in the EV control by J.-Y. Cao and B.-G. Cao 2006 and Cao et al. 2007, which we may unify in our framework. Finally, we mention some similarities between control theory and zeta-functions.

scholarly journals Consideraciones sobre una semiología de la ciencia

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (51) ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
Javier Echeverría
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
Theory Of Science ◽  
Logical Atomism

One of the main deficiencies of the twentieth century philosophy of science, in spite of evident achievements in the logical analysis and reconstruction of scientific theories, is the separation between formal sciences and those sciences with empirical contents. This distinction derives from Carnap and it was generally admitted by the Vienna Circle since the publication of “Formalwissenschaft und Realwissenschaft” in Erkenntnis in 1935. Later philosophy of science, in spite of other criticism of the neopositivist programme, has maintained this separation. It can be claimed that Realwissenschaften, physics in particular, have determined the development of later philosophy of science. Analyses of scientific theories most of the time refer to physical theories, and occasionally to biological ones. There is still a lot to be done in the field of mathematics and logic, in order to analyse and reconstruct their theories. But even if this task is undertaken, and some progress has been done lately, there is still a lot of work to do before a general theory of science can be proposed which transcends such a division between formal and empirical sciences, let alone the human or social sciences. This paper is intended as a contribution to supersede the first dichotomy between formal and physical sciences. One of the main problems in order to make some progress along these lines is that since its origins logical positivism had a deficient theory of knowledge, and the same happened with analytical philosophy developed immediately afterwards. This paper thus criticises examples of such a type of theory of knowledge, as expressed in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus, and Russell’s Philosophy of Logical Atomism. The core argument is as follows: these theorizations are inadequate for scientific knowledge; this type of knowledge, particularly the notion of ‘sign’ cannot be adapted to the simple scheme proposed in those works. The criticism here undertaken is developed from a rationalist point of view, in a sense which is closer to Leibniz and Saussure, than to recent philosophers fascinated with the word ‘reason’. Some new proposals are put forward, necessarily provisional, which justify the term, which in turn could be perfectly substituted by another, of Semiology of Science.

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