scholarly journals Exploring the Effect of Train Design Features on the Boarding and Alighting Time by Laboratory Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Seriani ◽  
Taku Fujiyama
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Design Features ◽  
University College ◽  
London Underground ◽  
Vertical Gap ◽  
Pedestrian Accessibility ◽  
The Doors

The objective of this work is to study the effect of design features such as door width, vestibule setback and vertical gap on passengers’ boarding and alighting time (BAT) at metro stations. Simulated experiments were performed at University College London’s Pedestrian Accessibility Movement Environment Laboratory (PAMELA). The mock-up included a hall or entrance to the train and a relevant portion of the platform in front of the doors. Different scenarios were tested based on existing stations. Results were compared to observations at Green Park Station of the London Underground (LU). Results from PAMELA showed that wider doors (1.80 m), larger vestibule setback (800 mm) and smaller vertical gap (50 mm) reduced the average boarding time. However, the average alighting time presented no significant differences due to other phenomenon such as congestion or formation of lines of flow at doors. The observation at LU presented a reduction of the BAT when a small vertical gap (170 mm) was presented. More experiments are needed at PAMELA to test the effect of the design features for different densities and types of passengers.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effect of Boarding and Alighting Ratio on Passengers’ Behaviour at Metro Stations by Laboratory Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Seriani ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandez ◽  
Nattanon Luangboriboon ◽  
Taku Fujiyama
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
University College ◽  
London Underground ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Load Conditions ◽  
Pedestrian Accessibility ◽  
The Doors

The objective of this work was to study the effect of the ratio between passengers boarding and alighting on the passengers’ behaviour at metro stations. A mock-up of a vehicle and the relevant portion of the platform was built to run a series of simulation experiments at University College London’s Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory (PAMELA). Different scenarios were tested based on the next generation London Underground trains. The scenarios were classified according to different load conditions. Four types of behaviour are described. In most cases boarding is first, and passengers compete for space to enter the train. In the case of alighting, first passengers are faster than the rest of alighters due to the space available on the platform as boarding passengers give way to those who are getting off the train. In addition, alighters form lanes of flow depending on the number of passengers waiting to board the train on the platform. With respect to the train, if the density inside the train is higher than 4 passengers per square metre, then the flow at the doors starts to decrease. More experiments are needed to study the relationship between platform density and boarding and alighting time.

Laboratory Experiments on Negotiation and Social Conflict

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten De Dreu ◽  
Peter Carnevale
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Conflict Negotiation ◽  
Cumulative Knowledge ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article describes how laboratory experiments are used by social psychologists and those in related fields to study conflict, negotiation, and mediation. In a laboratory experiment, the researcher experimentally controls one or more variables in controlled, artificial settings that induce processes likely to occur naturally. Laboratory experiments are the primary method used to establish cause-and-effect relationships among variables and to reduce alternative explanations; thus they are primarily concerned with validity of explanation. In this article, we describe several basic design features including conceptual replication, precise manipulation, and the use of a moderator variable, which all help assess the processes underlying a research finding. These design features foster conceptual internal validity, which describes the impact of one variable on another and the quality of such an explanation. Conceptual internal validity provides a basis for generalization of findings and thus new research. It also fosters strong inference, which helps build cumulative knowledge. Laboratory experiments are not well suited to answer all questions and problems – for example, they may not produce deep understanding of a particular historical event and must be supplemented by other methods, such as surveys and case studies.

Corrigendum

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-161 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
London Underground ◽  
Thomas Merton ◽  
The Doors

In a paper to celebrate the centenary of the birth of F. A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell, which was published in Notes and Records 41, pp. 191-210 (1987), I wrote that ‘I was told that he was never in a bus or on the London Underground...' This has led to a comment by W. R. Merton, who was Cherwell’s scientific assistant in the latter stages of the 1939-1945 war: My predecessor James Tuck* persuaded him to go on the Underground one day when his car was out of action. Unfortunately it stopped at Piccadilly with the doors firmly closed. After some minutes the ‘Prof’ turned to Tuck and demanded peevishly why he didn’t get out and do something! When my father** was made one of the scientific advisers to the Ministry of Production he called on the ‘Prof’ for a little advice. The first thing you must demand is a car, he was told, ‘I went on a bus once recently and immediately caught Pink Eye - you see the trouble with people like us is that we have no immunity! ’ * Who went on to invent the ‘Tuck Lenses’ used for the implosion of plutonium in atomic bombs. ** Sir Thomas Merton, F.R.S., and Treasurer of the Society.

Covering of cometary nucleus by refractory crust and its evolution into asteroid-like body

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Kh.I. Ibadinov
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Cometary Nucleus ◽  
Sublimation Rate ◽  
Cometary Nuclei ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Brightness Decrease ◽  
Crust Thickness ◽  
Ice Sublimation ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractFrom the established dependence of the brightness decrease of a short-period comet dependence on the perihelion distance of its orbit it follows that part of the surface of these cometary nuclei gradually covers by a refractory crust. The results of cometary nucleus simulation show that at constant insolation energy the crust thickness is proportional to the square root of the insolation time and the ice sublimation rate is inversely proportional to the crust thickness. From laboratory experiments resulted the thermal regime, the gas productivity of the nucleus, covering of the nucleus by the crust, and the tempo of evolution of a short-period comet into the asteroid-like body studied.

When Does Voice Have to be More Than Only Listening? Procedural Justice Effects as a Function of Confident Leadership

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
David De Cremer ◽  
Maarten Wubben
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Negative Emotions

The present research examined how voice procedures and leader confidence affect participants’ negative emotions and willingness to withdraw. It was predicted that receiving voice would be valued out of instrumental concerns, but only when the enacting leader was high in confidence. Two laboratory experiments indeed showed an interaction between type of voice (pre-decisional vs. post-decisional) and leader’s confidence (low vs. high) on participants’ negative emotions and willingness to withdraw. In particular, post-decision voice only led to more negative responses than did pre-decision voice when the enacting leader was high in confidence. Negative emotions mediated this interaction effect of type of voice on willingness to withdraw. Implications for integrating the leadership and procedural justice literatures are discussed.

Review of Laboratory Experiments in Psychology.

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 536-536
Author(s):  
Peter G. Polson
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments

Cleansing the doors of misperception.

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Fadiman ◽  
Peter H. Addy
Keyword(s):  
The Doors
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