Occupational Exposure to Blood and Other Body Fluids Among Healthcare Workers in Three Teaching Hospitals, Southeast Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei ◽  
Fateme Behmanesh Pour ◽  
Jamshid Ordoni Avval ◽  
Saeede Osmani ◽  
Sedighe Mokhtari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Teaching Hospitals

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to HIV among healthcare workers in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi . Akpuh ◽  
Ajayi Ikeoluwapo ◽  
Adebowale Ayo ◽  
Idris H Suleiman ◽  
Patrick Nguku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State

Abstract Background Rivers State is among the states with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria. Occupational exposure to HIV through blood or body fluids of HIV/AIDS patients is a recognised risk factor of HIV infections among healthcare workers. We identified the determinants of occupational exposures to HIV among healthcare workers in Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission (PMTCT) sites within Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers State. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 341 healthcare providers from 22 public and 22 private health facilities in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt metropolis. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression models (p-value = 0.05). Results Respondents’ mean age was 35.9±SD8.4 years, 270 (80.1%) and 171(50.7%) were females, and from public health facilities respectively. Prevalence of occupational exposure of healthcare workers to HIV in the past 12 months was 153 (45.0%), and 96 (63.3%) experienced such exposure more than once. Contacts with potentially infectious body fluid accounted for the largest proportion 51 (33.3%); followed by needle stick prick 49 (32.6%). About 189 (56.1%) had safety information at their disposal and this serves as a reminder on safety precautions. The likelihood of occupational exposure was significantly higher among doctors (AOR=2.22, 95% C.I=1.16-4.25,) but lower among environmental health workers (AOR=0.10, 95% C.I=0.02-0.46,) than nurses/midwives when other factors were included in the model. Conclusion Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids remains a frequent occurrence among healthcare workers; highest among doctors in PMTCT sites in the study area. Provision of protective safety materials, training and enforcement of adherence to universal precaution strategies are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to HIV among healthcare workers in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi . Akpuh ◽  
Ajayi Ikeoluwapo ◽  
Adebowale Ayo ◽  
Idris H Suleiman ◽  
Patrick Nguku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State

Abstract Background: Rivers State is among the states with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria. Occupational exposure to HIV through blood or body fluids of HIV/AIDS patients is a recognised risk factor of HIV infections among healthcare workers. We identified the determinants of occupational exposures to HIV among healthcare workers in Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission (PMTCT) sites within Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 341 healthcare providers from 22 public and 22 private health facilities in PMTCT sites in the Port Harcourt metropolis. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression models (p-value = 0.05). Results: Respondents’ mean age was 35.9±SD8.4 years, 270 (80.1%) and 171(50.7%) were females and from public health facilities respectively. Prevalence of occupational exposure of healthcare workers to HIV in the past 12 months was 153 (45.0%) and 96 (63.3%) experienced such exposure more than once. Contact with potentially infectious body fluid accounted for the largest proportion 51 (33.3%) followed by needle stick prick 49 (32.6%). About 189 (56.1%) had safety information at their disposal that serves as a reminder on safety precautions. The likelihood of occupational exposure was significantly higher among doctors (AOR=2.22, 95% C.I=1.16-4.25,) but lower among environmental health workers (AOR=0.10, 95% C.I=0.02-0.46,) than nurses/midwives when other factors were included in the model. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids remains a frequent occurrence among healthcare workers, highest among doctors in PMTCT sites in the study area. Provision of protective safety materials, training and enforcement of adherence to universal precaution strategies is highly recommended. Key Words: Occupational exposure, HIV, healthcare workers, private facility, public facility, PMTCT, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

scholarly journals Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
Yohannes Tekalegn ◽  
Demelash Woldeyohannes ◽  
Bruce John Edward Quisido
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Analysis Model

Abstract Background Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids is a major risk factor for the transmission of blood-borne infections to healthcare workers. There are several primary studies in Ethiopia yet they might not be at the national level to quantify the extent of occupational blood and body fluid exposures (splash of blood or other body fluids into the eyes, nose, or mouth) or blood contact with non-intact skin among the healthcare workers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of occupational blood and body fluid exposure of healthcare workers in Ethiopia. Methods PubMed, Science Direct, Hinari, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched; withal, the references of appended articles were also checked for further possible sources. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the included studies. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. Results Of the 641 articles identified through the database search, 36 studies were included in the final analysis. The estimated pooled lifetime and 12-month prevalence on occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers were found to be at 54.95% (95% confidence interval (CI), 48.25–61.65) and 44.24% (95% CI, 36.98-51.51), respectively. The study identified a variation in healthcare workers who were exposed to blood and body fluids across Ethiopian regions. Conclusion The finding of the present study revealed that there was a high level of annual and lifetime exposures to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to HIV among healthcare workers in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi . Akpuh ◽  
Ajayi Ikeoluwapo ◽  
Adebowale Ayo ◽  
Idris H Suleiman ◽  
Patrick Nguku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State

Abstract Background Rivers State is among the states with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria. Occupational exposure to HIV through blood or body fluids of HIV/AIDS patients is a recognised risk factor of HIV infections among healthcare workers. We identified the determinants of occupational exposures to HIV among healthcare workers in Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission (PMTCT) sites within Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers State. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 341 healthcare providers from 22 public and 22 private health facilities in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt metropolis. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression models ( p-value = 0.05 ). Results Respondents’ mean age was 35.9±SD8.4 years, 270 (80.1%) and 171(50.7%) were females, and from public health facilities respectively. Prevalence of occupational exposure of healthcare workers to HIV in the past 12 months was 153 (45.0%), and 96 (63.3%) experienced such exposure more than once. Contacts with potentially infectious body fluid accounted for the largest proportion 51 (33.3%); followed by needle stick prick 49 (32.6%). About 189 (56.1%) had safety information at their disposal and this serves as a reminder on safety precautions. The likelihood of occupational exposure was significantly higher among doctors (AOR=2.22, 95% C.I=1.16-4.25,) but lower among environmental health workers (AOR=0.10, 95% C.I=0.02-0.46,) than nurses/midwives when other factors were included in the model. Conclusion Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids remains a frequent occurrence among healthcare workers; highest among doctors in PMTCT sites in the study area. Provision of protective safety materials, training and enforcement of adherence to universal precaution strategies are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Occupational Exposures to Blood and Body Fluids among Healthcare Workers in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
Yohannes Tekalegn ◽  
Demelash Woldeyohannes ◽  
Bruce John Edward Quisido
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Care Workers

Background: Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids is a major risk factor for the transmission of blood-borne infections to healthcare workers. There are several primary studies in Ethiopia yet they might not be at the national level to quantify the extent of occupational blood and body fluid exposures among the healthcare workers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of occupational blood and body fluid exposure of health-care workers in Ethiopia. Methods: PubMed, Science Direct, Hinari, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched; withal, the references of appended articles were also checked for further possible sources. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the included studies. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health-care workers in Ethiopia. Results: Of the 641 articles identified through the database search, 37 studies were included in the final analysis. The estimated pooled lifetime and 12-month prevalence on occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers were found to be at 54.15% (95% confidence interval (CI): 47.54,60.75) and 44.24% (95%CI: 36.98,51.51), respectively. The study identified a variation in healthcare workers whom were exposed to blood and body fluids across Ethiopian regions. Conclusion: The finding of the present study revealed that there was a high level of annual and lifetime exposures to blood and body fluids among the healthcare workers of Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Occupational Exposure to HIV among Health CareWorkers in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, 2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akpuh Ndubuisi ◽  
Adebowale Ayo ◽  
Ajayi IkeOluwapo ◽  
Idris Suleiman H ◽  
Mahmood Dalhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State

Abstract Background Rivers State is one of the states with high HIV prevalence rate in Nigeria. Occupational exposure to pathogen infecting blood and or body fluids of HIV/AIDS patients is attributable to HIV infections among healthcare workers. We identified the determinants of occupational exposures to HIV among healthcare workers in PMTCT sites within Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers State. Methods Adescriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 341 healthcare providers from 22 public and 22 private health facilities in PMTCT sites in the Port Harcourt metropolis. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression models (p-value = 0.05). Results Respondents’ mean age was 35.9±SD8.4 years, 270 (80.1%) and 171(50.7%) were females and from public health facilities respectively. Prevalence of occupational exposure of healthcare workers to HIV in the past 12 months was 153 (45.0%) and 96 (63.3%) experienced such exposure more than once. Contact with potentially infectious body fluid accounted for the largest proportion 51 (33.3%) followed by needle stick prick 49 (32.6%). About 189 (56.1%) had safety information at their disposal that serves as areminder on safety precautions. The likelihood of occupational exposure was significantly higher among doctors (AOR=2.22, 95% C. I=1.16-4.25,) but lower among Environmental health workers (AOR=0.10, 95% C. I=0.02-0.46,) than Nurses/Midwives when other factors were included in the model. Conclusion Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids remains a frequent occurrence among healthcare workers in PMTCT sites in the study area. Adherence to universal precaution strategies should target all health care workers.

European Recommendations for the Management of Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Hepatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Enis Uruci
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

Exposure prevention is the primary strategy to reduce the risk of occupational bloodborne pathogen infections in healthcare workers (HCW). HCWs should be made aware of the medicolegal and clinical relevance of reporting an exposure, and have ready access to expert consultants to receive appropriate counselling, treatment and follow-up. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV), and demonstration of immunisation before employment are strongly recommended. HCWs with postvaccinal anti-HBs levels, 1-2 months after vaccine completion, .or=10 mIU/mL are considered as responders. Responders are protected against HBV infection: booster doses of vaccine or periodic antibody concentration testing are not recommended. Alternative strategies to overcome non-response should be adopted. Isolated anti-HBc positive HCWs should be tested for anti-HBcIgM and HBV-DNA: if negative, anti-HBs response to vaccination can distinguish between infection (anti-HBs .or=50 mIU/ml 30 days after 1st vaccination: anamnestic response) and false positive results(anti-HBs .or=10 mUI/ml 30 days after 3rd vaccination: primary response); true positive subjects have resistance to re-infection. and do not need vaccination The management of an occupational exposure to HBV differs according to the susceptibility of the exposed HCW and the serostatus of the source. When indicated, post-exposure prophylaxis with HBV vaccine, hepatitis B immunoglobulin or both must be started as soon as possible (within 1-7 days). In the absence of prophylaxis against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, follow-up management of HCV exposures depends on whether antiviral treatment during the acute phase is chosen. Test the HCW for HCV-Ab at baseline and after 6 months; up to 12 for HIV-HCV co-infected sources. If treatment is recommended, perform ALT (amino alanine transferase) activity at baseline and monthly for 4 months after exposure, and qualitative HCV-RNA when an increase is detected. Introduction Bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) represent an important hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs) (1). In the general population, HCV prevalence varies geographically from about 0.5% in northern countries to 2% in Mediterranean countries, with some 5 million chronic carriers estimated in Europe; while HBV prevalence ranges from 0.3% to 3%. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year in Europe 304 000 HCWs are exposed to at least one percutaneous injury with a sharp object contaminated with HBV, 149 000 are exposed to HCV and 22 000 to HIV. The probability of acquiring a bloodborne infection following an occupational exposure has been estimated to be on average.

Barriers to infection prevention and control practice among Amhara region teaching hospitals in Ethiopia: Qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walelegn Worku Yallew ◽  
Abera Kumie ◽  
Feleke Moges Yehuala
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
And Control

Healthcare workers have good perception towards infection prevention, but there has been a poor practice towards it. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore barriers to practice of infection prevention and control practice in teaching hospitals in Amhara region. A phenomenological approach used to explore the lived experience of healthcare workers and management staffs towards infection prevention practice and control. The data was collected from ten in-depth interviews and 23 focus group discussion participants, by face to face interview using open ended interview performed in safe and quiet places. Data was managed using OpenCode software version 4.03 and contents were analyzed thematically. Totally ten different barriers were identified, such as availability of facilities, shortage of material supply, lack of maintenance of facilities and equipment, high patient flow, experience, emergency situation, healthcare worker behaviour and healthcare worker’s information about infection prevention, low awareness of patients and visitors and overflow of families and visitors to the hospital. For effective infection prevention practice implementation, barriers should be considered via identifying specific organizational, healthcare worker, patients and visitors as targets.

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