scholarly journals Breeding For Organic Farming : Obtaining And Evaluation Of Flax Somaclonal Families

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Andra Mikelsone ◽  
Dace Grauda ◽  
Veneranda Stramkale ◽  
Isaak Rashal
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Indirect Indicator ◽  
High Level ◽  
Agronomical Traits ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Technical Plant

Plant calli culture could be used as a source of genetic changes (somaclonal variation). There are known several flax varieties, bred on the basis of somaclonal variation, with improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant height, seed yield and other traits. This method is useful for obtaining the new initial material for flax breeding, including for intensification of breeding for organic farming. Goal of the study was to obtain plants-regenerants from the calli culture of the fibre flax variety ‘Vega 2’ and to evaluate their agronomical traits and resistance to powdery mildew. For obtaining plants-regenerants was used early elaborated protocol of somatic calli cultivation. Agronomically important traits, such as total and technical plant height, number of seed vessels, number of seeds in a seed vessel, and resistance to diseases were evaluated. Most of somaclonal families had higher total and technical plant height in comparison with the initial variety ‘Vega 2’. In the opposite, number of seed vessels and number of seeds in a seed vessel had a tendency to decrease. It was concluded that even changes in not desirable direction may be recognised as an indirect indicator of the rather high level of induced somaclonal variation, which can occurred also in traits, which were not evaluated during this experiment, therefore there is a potential to exploit flax somaclonal variation in applied breeding programs as an additional source of variability.

scholarly journals Manifestation of transgression on the productivity traits of soybean hybrids of the second generation (F2)

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
T. N. Shtuts
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Method Evaluation ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Research Results ◽  
High Level ◽  
M 14 ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The purpose. To establish the rate and frequency of transgressions in terms of the productivity of soybean hybrids of the second generation. Methods. Field method (phenological observations), laboratory method (evaluation of the material under research). Results. The frequency and rate of positive transgressions of soybean populations of the second generation (F2) have been assessed. Combination Izumrudna/M № 14 has been allocated by a complex of valuable farming traits (the number of productive nodules, number of beans per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant). In addition, transgressive forms in other studied combinations have been identified, which will allow to obtain the best hybrids for further study. Conclusions. A high level of frequency and rate of manifestation of positive transgressions in soybean populations of the second generation has been established. The greatest number of positive transgressions has been found by the following traits: plant height, number of productive nodules, number of beans per plant, number of seeds per plant and weight of seeds per plant. Combinations Izumrudna/M № 14, Amethyst/M № 24, Triada/Rhapsodiya and Khutoryanochka/M № 7 have been characterized by a significant rate and frequency of positive transgressions according to the above-mentioned traits.

scholarly journals Мінливість господарсько-цінних ознак сої в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Л.Г. Білявська ◽  
А.М. Рибальченко
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Variability Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Мета статті – встановлення рівня мінливості господарсько-цінних ознак у генотипів сої  в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України. Для результативності роботи, спрямованої на створення високопродуктивних сортів, необхідно удосконалювати методи селекції. При цьому важливе значення має встановлення рівня мінливості у сортів та сортозразків сої. Методика дослідження. Для наукового обґрунтування мети і реалізації встановлених завдань та узагальнення результатів дослідження застосовували наступні методи: загальнонаукові (визначення напряму дослідження, планування і закладка досліду, проведення спостережень); спеціальні (польовий ‒ для спостереження за фенологічними фазами розвитку та станом рослин; лабораторний (вимірювально-ваговий) ‒ для визначення структурних показників та продуктивності рослин, виявлення господарсько цінних ознак рослин); математично-статистичний (для обробки експериментальних даних, визначення параметрів мінливості ознак і визначення достовірності одержаних результатів). Результати дослідження. У статті наведено  результати досліджень з вивчення мінливості господарсько-цінних ознак у сої в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України.  З’ясовано, що високий рівень мінливості мають ознаки «маса насіння з рослини» (V=22,8%) і «кількість бобів на рослині» (V=22,9%). Середнім рівнем мінливості характеризувалися ознаки «кількість насіння з рослини» (V=16,4,%), «маса 1000 насінин» (V=11,1%), «висота рослини» (V=13,4%), «висота прикріплення нижнього бобу» (V=17,1%). Елементи наукової новизни. Доведено, що на основі детального вивчення мінливості кількісних ознак  у генотипів сої можливо ефективно проводити селекційну роботу зі створення високопродуктивних сортів. У селекційному процесі необхідно орієнтуватися на стабільні показники кількісних ознак. У наших дослідженнях це «кількість насіння з рослини», «маса 1000 насінин», «висота рослини», «висота прикріплення нижнього бобу». Практична значущість. Вивчення мінливості господарсько-цінних ознак сої забезпечує результативне ведення селекції. The aim of the article is to establish the variability level of economically-valuable characteristics of soybean genotypes under the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It is necessary to improve the selection methods for the efficient work, aimed at creating highly-productive varieties. Moreover, it is important to establish the variability level of soybean varieties and variety samples. Methods of the research. The following methods were used to substantiate scientifically the purpose, implement the established tasks and summarize the research results: general-scientific (studying the direction of the research, planning and carrying out the experiment; conducting observations); special (field – to observe phenological development stages and the condition of plants; laboratory (measuring-weighing) – to determine structural indices and plant productivity, to detect economically-valuable plant signs); mathematical-statistical (to process experimental data, determine the parameters of variability signs and define the significance of the obtained results). The research results. The research results of studying the variability of economically-valuable characteristics of soybean under the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine have been given in the article. It has been established that the following characteristics have a high level of variability: the seed weight per plant (V=22.8%) and the number of pods on a plant (V=22.9%). Such characteristics as the number of seeds per plant (V=16.4%), the weight of 1000 seeds (V=11.1%), plant height (V=13.4%), and also the height of the lower pod attachment (V=17.1%) are characterized by the average level of variability. The elements of scientific novelty. It has been proved that based on the detailed studying the quantitative signs’ variability of soybean genotypes, it is possible to conduct effectively the selection work in creating highly productive varieties. In the selection process one should be oriented at stable indices of quantitative signs. In our research these are: the number of seeds per plant, the weight of 1000 seeds, plant height, and the height of the lower pod attachment. Practical importance. Studying the variability of economically-valuable characteristics of soybean ensures the effective selection.

scholarly journals Estimation ecological plasticity and stability of perspective selected samples of spring pebble vetch

1970 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
M.G. Barylko ◽  
I.V. Kolіsnyk ◽  
V.A. Zakharenko ◽  
A.V. Kolіsnyk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Established Plant ◽  
Stable Forms ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hybrid Lines ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Purpose. To establish the patterns of manifestation of the level of valuable traits of seed productivity and plant height in hybrid lines of Spring Pebble Vetch by determining the plasticity and stability and selection of valuable starting material for selection. Methods. Field method (phenological observations), laboratory method (evaluation of the material under research). Results. High levels of plasticity and stability of samples of Spring Pebble Vetch according to a complex of valuable traints were established (plant height, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant). Highly plastic on the basis of «plant height» were found hybrid lines from the combinations: Drobynka / Bilotserkivska 7, Bilokvitkova / selection 332/2. The medium-plastic forms Bilokvitkova / k-789, Drobynka / Hybrid 85, Mutant broadleaf / Bilotserkivska 7 were found to be stable. There were identified four highly plastic samples on the basis of «number of seeds per plant», « weight of seeds per plant »: Bilotserkivska 7/ Drobynka, Mutant broadleaf / Bilotserkivska 7, Toplesa / Hybrid 85, selection 332/2 / Bilotserkivska 7. There were found to be stable forms from combinations Drobynka / Bilotserkivska 7, Drobynka / Hybrid 85 and Bilokvitkova / selection 332/2. Conclusions. The plasticity and stability of hybrid lines of Spring Pebble Vetch were evaluated. The results of research were distinguished forms with a high level of plasticity on the sign of «plant height», «number of seeds per plant» and « weight of seeds per plant ». The lines were found plastic in which one of the parental forms are samples Drobinka, Bilotserkivska 7, selection 332/2 and Hybrid 85 with a high manifestation of these features. The Drobinka / Hybrid 85 combination line was allocated, which is a stable complex of valuable traits.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis in common bean cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽  
Lucas Silvério ◽  
Haroldo Tavares Elias ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The objective of this work was to determine the combining ability and heterosis, for productivity and yield components, in diallel hybrids derived from crossings between BRSMG-Talismã, IPR Uirapuru, FT Soberano, BRS Campeiro, IAC Tybatã, and IPR Juriti parent cultivars. Fifteen hybrids were generated from diallel crosses, excluding reciprocals. The general and specific combining abilities were significant for plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, 50-seed weight, and grain yield, indicating the occurrence of both additive and nonadditive genetic effects. The best strategy to be adopted is the use of BRS Campeiro, FT Soberano and BRSMG-Talismã cultivars in common bean breeding programs involving selection. The most promising combinations were 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'IAC Tybatã', 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'FT Soberano', 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IPR Juriti', and 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IAC Tybatã'. The parents of these hybrids presented high estimates of specific combining abilities. Hybridization of cultivars belonging to distinguished commercial groups propitiates higher heterosis values in the segregant population.

scholarly journals Cluster analysis in soybean varieties classification by economic characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
L. Bilyavska ◽  
A. Rybalchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

The aim of the study was to improve the method of soybean collection material assessment with the purpose of choosing pairs for hybridization using cluster analysis, to cluster samples according to the duration of growing period, plant height, the height of lower pod attachment, stem thickness in the lower part, the number of branches and productive joints on a plant, the number of pods and seeds per plant, the number of seeds in a pod, seed weight per plant, yield (g/m2 ), and the resistance to lodging and bean cracking. Based on the conducted cluster analysis of one hundred and forty-five soybean collection samples concerning the determined signs, it has been established that the collection material was distributed within five clusters. Soybean genotypes have been singled out as carriers of a high level of quantitative characteristics, especially the signs of yield potential which can be used as a promising selection material. The samples having analogous set of signs in the cluster and reliable distinction from others have been united in a separate cluster. The samples of the first cluster in the collection are characterized by average and close to average values of all the studied characteristics. The samples of the second cluster are characterized by high values as to the number of branches and productive joints on a plant and also the number of beans per plant. The third cluster consisted of samples having high values of the number of seeds in a bean. However, as to other signs, the samples of this group have low values. The samples of the fourth cluster are later-maturing, than those in the first three groups. They are characterized by larger plant height and the height of lower bean attachment. The fifth sample cluster is distinguished by the longest growing period and high values of the majority of signs except the number of seeds in a bean and also resistance to lodging and bean splitting. The parent forms were in four clusters out of five ones. The cluster analysis helped to conduct the choosing of parent pairs for hybridization and creation of soybean new initial material. The advantage of cluster analysis consists in being able to identify collection samples in balance according to the complex of valuable economic characteristics, rather than single out genotypes according to separate quantitative signs. Key words: soybean, selection, collection, sample, cluster, cluster analysis, initial material.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

scholarly journals Simple Sequence Repeat and S-Locus Genotyping to Assist the Genetic Characterization and Breeding of Polyploid Prunus Species, P. spinosa and P. domestica subsp. insititia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Halász ◽  
Noémi Makovics-Zsohár ◽  
Ferenc Szőke ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Attila Hegedűs
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
High Level ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Simple Sequence

AbstractPolyploid Prunus spinosa (2n = 4 ×) and P. domestica subsp. insititia (2n = 6 ×) represent enormous genetic potential in Central Europe, which can be exploited in breeding programs. In Hungary, 16 cultivar candidates and a recognized cultivar ‘Zempléni’ were selected from wild-growing populations including ten P. spinosa, four P. domestica subsp. insititia and three P. spinosa × P. domestica hybrids (2n = 5 ×) were also created. Genotyping in eleven simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and the multiallelic S-locus was used to characterize genetic variability and achieve a reliable identification of tested accessions. Nine SSR loci proved to be polymorphic and eight of those were highly informative (PIC values ˃ 0.7). A total of 129 SSR alleles were identified, which means 14.3 average allele number per locus and all accessions but two clones could be discriminated based on unique SSR fingerprints. A total of 23 S-RNase alleles were identified and the complete and partial S-genotype was determined for 10 and 7 accessions, respectively. The DNA sequence was determined for a total of 17 fragments representing 11 S-RNase alleles. ‘Zempléni’ was confirmed to be self-compatible carrying at least one non-functional S-RNase allele (SJ). Our results indicate that the S-allele pools of wild-growing P. spinosa and P. domestica subsp. insititia are overlapping in Hungary. Phylogenetic and principal component analyses confirmed the high level of diversity and genetic differentiation present within the analysed accessions and indicated putative ancestor–descendant relationships. Our data confirm that S-locus genotyping is suitable for diversity studies in polyploid Prunus species but non-related accessions sharing common S-alleles may distort phylogenetic inferences.

scholarly journals Diversity Assessment of Some Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes Cultivated in Northern Ghana Using Morphological and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Ruth Prempeh ◽  
Issahaku Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Land Races ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In Ghana, sesame is cultivated in some districts of northern Ghana. Genotypes cultivated are land races that are low yielding leading to decline in production. There is the need for improvement of these land races to generate high yielding cultivars. Characterization of genetic diversity of the sesame land races will be of great value in assisting in parental lines selection for sesame breeding programmes in Ghana. Twenty-five sesame land races were collected from five districts in northern Ghana noted for sesame cultivation. Seeds collected were planted in three replicates in randomized complete block design and were evaluated for a number of morphological characters. Data collected were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a dendrogram showing similarity between the accessions were drawn. Data on number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, and plant height at flowering were subjected to analysis of variance using GenStat Discovery Edition 4. Molecular genetic diversity was assessed by using thirty eight SSR markers widely distributed across sesame genome to characterize the materials. Twenty-one out of the 38 primers were polymorphic. Cluster analyses using the Euclidean similarity test and a complete link clustering method were used to make a dendrogram out of the morphological data. Analysis of variance showed that capsule number was significantly different; a range of 54.9 and 146.7 was produced. The number of seeds per capsule varied significantly and the variation between highest and lowest accession in seed production was 33%. Plant height was also significantly different ranging from 60.6 to 94.1 cm. Using morphological traits the accessions clustered into two major groups and two minor groups and variation among accessions were 10-61%. On the other hand, SSR marker-based dendrogram revealed five major and two minor groups. It showed that variation among the accessions was low, 10-20%. Heterozygosity was 0.52, total alleles produced were 410, and average allele per locus was 19.52. Six accessions, C3, C4, S5, W1, W3, and W5 fell in five different clusters in the SSR dendrogram and in six clusters in the morphomolecular based dendrogram. These accessions were noted for high capsule number per plant and seeds number per capsule and are recommended for consideration as potential parental lines for breeding programme for high yield.

scholarly journals Effect of sulphur on the seed yield and oil content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Swapan Kumar Paul ◽  
Mosa Morsheda Khatun ◽  
Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

Sulphur is a component of plant amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and enzyme structures which influence the productivity of oil seed and total oil content. The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of sulphur on the seed yield and oil content of sesame in Bangladesh. The experiment comprised three varieties of sesame viz. Binatil-2, Binatil-3 and BARI Til-4 and six levels of sulphur (S) viz. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg S ha–1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Dry matter production, crop characters, yield components, seed yield and oil content were significantly influenced by variety, level of sulphur and their interaction. The highest dry matter production plant–1 at 50 DAS (17.56 g), plant height (101.3 cm), number of branches plant–1 (3.66),  number of pods plant-1 (41.56), number of seeds pod-1 (58.83),  seed yield    (747.2 kg ha-1), stover yield (2243.0 kg ha–1) and oil content (40.03%) were obtained in BARI Til-4 while the corresponding lowest values of all parameters were recorded in Binatil-2. In case of sulphur application, the highest dry matter production plant–1 at 50 DAS (20.81 g), plant height (109.7 cm), number of branches plant–1 (3.87),  number of pods plant–1 (46.13),  number of seeds pod-1 (56.67),  seed yield (800.0 kg ha–1), stover yield (2787 kg ha–1 ) and oil content (43.97%) were obtained when crop was fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 while the lowest seed yield (502.2 kg ha–1), stover yield (1550.0 kg ha–1) and oil content (32.80%) were obtained in control (0 kg S ha–1). BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 produced the highest dry matter plant–1 at 50 DAS (24.80 g), number of pods plant–1 (51.13), seeds pod–1 (62.0) and seed yield (1011.0 kg ha–1). The highest oil content (43.97%) was also recorded in BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1, which was as good as that of BARI Til-4 fertilized with 40 kg S ha–1. Therefore, BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 can be considered as a promising practice in respect of seed yield and oil content of sesame in Bangladesh. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 33–38, March 2019

scholarly journals Somaclonal variation on in vitro callus culture potato cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia N. Bordallo ◽  
Derly H. Silva ◽  
José Maria ◽  
Cosme D. Cruz ◽  
Elizabeth P. Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Arbitrary Sequence ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Level

Synthetic seeds can be an alternative for those species in which botanical seeds are not viable. One of the major problems of in vitro plant cultivation is the high level of somaclonal variation. The most common factors affecting somaclonal variation are genotype, explant source, in vitro period and cultivation conditions in which the culture is established. In this work, calli were induced using leaf and stem explants of the commercial potato cultivars Achat, Baraka, Baronesa, Bintje, and Contenda in MS culture media supplemented with 1.65 mM of picloram and 11.5 mM of 2,4-D. Seventy and 90 days after induction, DNA samples of 40 calli were compared concerning the effects of the two explant (leaf and stem) and two growth regulator sources on five potatoes cultivars. A total of 20 arbitrary sequence primers were evaluated. The RAPD pattern generated by these primers suggested a high percentage of polymorphic fragments among the five genotypes, indicating a high level of genetic variation among cultivars. Cultivar Baronesa showed the highest number of polymorphic fragments for all treatments. The cultivar Contenda showed the smallest somaclonal variation, for most of the treatments, except for the treatment which consisted of stem explants, picloram (1.65 mM) application, and a 70-day period of callus formation. 'Contenda' is, therefore, the most suitable cultivar for synthetic seed production.

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