scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat Trials

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
A. Ruža ◽  
Dz. Kreita ◽  
M. Krotovs ◽  
S. Maļecka ◽  
V. Stramkale
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Breeding Station

The field experiments with ten diverse varieties of winter wheat were laid down according to uniform scheme during 2001 – 2002 at three locations having different soils and agroclimatic conditions: study and research farm “Pēterlauki” of the Latvia University of Agriculture on sod – calcareous medium loam soils, humus content 19 – 21 g kg-1 of soil; at the Stende Plant Breeding Station on sod – podzolio soils, humus content 18 - 19 g kg-1 of soil and at Latgale Science Centre in Viļāni on humus – podzolic gley soils, humus content 65 – 95 g kg-1 of soil. There was observed sharp variation in meteorological conditions during experimental years and quite variable weather conditions between the trial sites. The average results obtained in the experiments suggest that stable increase of winter wheat grain yield was reached increasing fertilizer N rates from N90 to N120 (split application) thus ensuring grain yield increase 1 to 20 kg per 1 kg N applied. The crude protein yield 2,8 – 3,47 kg per 1 kg N applied was obtained from trial plots at the study and research farm “Pēterlauki” and at the Stende Plant Breeding Station. The mineral N use efficiency was considerably lower in humus – rich soils in Viļāni. The increase of fertilizer N rate up to N180 (split application) resulted in gradual decrease of nitrogen use efficiency, and utilization coefficient was to a great extent depended on meteorological conditions during vegetation period.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application timing on nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat in Ireland

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Efretuei ◽  
M. Gooding ◽  
E. White ◽  
J. Spink ◽  
R. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract The objectives of this work were to determine the effects of initiating application of fertilizer nitrogen (N) to winter wheat at different growth stages (GSs) on grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE). A factorial experiment was carried out in two growing seasons (2011 and 2012) with five timings of first N application (GS 24/26 [tillering], GS 30, GS 31, GS 32 or GS 37) and an unfertilized control, two sowing densities (100 and 400 seeds/m2) and a cattle slurry treatment (with or without slurry). The latter was included to simulate variation in soil N supply (SNS). Delaying the first application of N from the tillering stage until GS 30 had no significant effect on grain yield in either year. Further delaying the initial N application until GS 31 caused a significant yield reduction in 2011, in comparison to GS 30 application, but not in 2012. Differences in efficiency of recovery and use of fertilizer N by the crop among the first three application timings were small. There was no evidence to support alteration in the timing of the first application of N in response to low plant density. Slurry application did not influence SNS, so the interaction between SNS and fertilizer N application timing could not be determined. It is concluded that in order to maximise yield and NUE, the first N application should be applied to winter wheat between late tillering and GS 30 and that delaying the first N until GS 31 can lead to yield reductions compared to the yield obtained with earlier application.

scholarly journals Plant breeding in Lithuania: 95 years for science and agriculture improvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytautas Ruzgas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
Varietal Purity ◽  
Plant Breeding Station

Plant breeding in Lithuania was started in 1922 after the Dotnuva Plant Breeding Station had been established. The first head of this station was prof. D. Rudzinskas whose activities in plant breeding began in 1902 in Russia. The genetic basis for plant breeding was the local varieties and landraces, as well as the material developed by prof. Rudzinskas at the Moscow Plant Breeding Station. The chief method during the initial period of the Lithuanian plant breeding was analytic, later the so-called, “synthetic” plant breeding which included crossing programmes. The breeders used several selection schemes and field designs. In the first schemes the direct yield test was evaluated in late generations only. Progress in the field mechanization allowed to start yield tests at more early generations. Up-to-date breeding schemes are based on new requirements for varietal purity and uniformity. Over the period 1922–2017, 325 varieties have been developed by Lithuanian plant breeders.

The Plant Breeding Station

1991 ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
Hermann Kuckuck ◽  
Gerd Kobabe ◽  
Gerhard Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Plant Breeding Station

scholarly journals Effects of Waterlogging, Drought and Their Combination on Yield and Water-Use Efficiency of Five Hungarian Winter Wheat Varieties

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Farkas ◽  
Emese Varga-László ◽  
Angéla Anda ◽  
Ottó Veisz ◽  
Balázs Varga
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The effects of simulated waterlogging, drought stress and their combination were examined in a model experiment in Martonvásár, Hungary, in 2018. Four modern winter wheat varieties (‘Mv Toborzó’ (TOB), ‘Mv Mambó’ (MAM), ‘Mv Karizma’ (KAR), ‘Mv Pálma’ (PAL)) and one old Hungarian winter wheat cultivar (‘Bánkúti 1201’ (BKT)) were tested. Apart from the control treatment (C), the plants were exposed to two different abiotic stresses. To simulate waterlogging (WL), plants were flooded at four leaf stage, while in the WL + D treatment, they were stressed both by waterlogging and by simulated drought stress at the early stage of plant development and at the heading stage, respectively. The waterlogging treatment resulted in a significant decrease in plant biomass (BKT, TOB), number of spikes (TOB), grain yield (BKT, TOB), water use (BTK) and water-use efficiency (TOB, MAM, PAL) compared to the controls. The combined treatment (WL + D) led to a significant decrease in plant height (BTK, MAM, KAR), number of spikes (BTK, TOB, MAM, KAR), thousand kernel weight (TOB), harvest index (BTK), biomass, grain yield, water-use efficiency (in all varieties) and water use (BKT, TOB, MAM, KAR) of the plants. The best water-use efficiency was observed for MAM; therefore, this genotype could be recommended for cultivation at stress prone areas. The varieties MAM, KAR and PAL also showed good adaptability.

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