MICROTONAL INTONATION FROM COMPOSER’S, PERFORMER’S AND CONCERT-AUDIENCE’S PERSPECTIVE: THE CASE OF GYÖRGY LIGETI’S Hora lungă FOR VIOLA SOLO

2015 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Karlīna Īvāne
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Open String ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Overtone Series ◽  
Written Sources

The aim of this study is to explore the microtonal intonation, i.e., pitch lowered by a quarter-tone, in György Ligeti’s (1923-2006) „Hora lungă” for viola solo. It is examined from three points of view: composer’s, performer’s, and concert-audience’s. The artistic reasons for the use of microtonality in this piece were explored in Ligeti’s own and other written sources. The difficulties performer encounters hitting the microtonal pitch on viola (corresponding to the 11th harmonic in the overtone series) were investigated practicing the piece by the author of this paper herself. Two methods of practicing microtonal intonation were tested. Firstly, the out-of-tune (“false”) sounding pitch was searched by ear. Secondly, the validity of the second method – listening to harmonics of open C string was proofed, measuring pitch frequencies of open string harmonics in 16 recordings, including the author’s. Finally the perception of microtonal intonation by 26 subjects in live concert setting was tested. Pitch frequencies of performed excerpts were also analysed. Additionally, 17 subjects were interviewed about the perception of microtonal intonation. It was concluded that the appropriate way to practice microtonal intonation is to search the out-of-tune sounding pitch by ear, while other method – listening to open string harmonics, could be questionable as frequency measurements of harmonics showed that 11th harmonic deviated largely from the target. Perception test results have shown that both musicians and non-musicians were able to hear by a quartertone lowered pitch in the author’s performance. Frequency analysis has shown that microtonal intonation in the author’s performance was reliable. From answers in questionnaires and additional interviews it could be concluded that the composer’s intention to create the impression of a „strange, magical, nostalgic world” through the use of microtonal intonation worked, although it remains unclear, if the result would be similar without preparatory explanations before the interviews.

scholarly journals Mathematical literacy as an important component of preparing a future teacher

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Natalia Lvovna Margolina ◽  
Irina Vladimirovna Nalimova
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
State University ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mathematical Literacy ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Main Components ◽  
First Time

The article analyzes the concept of mathematical literacy. The formation of mathematical literacy among members of modern society is a fundamental basis for the formation of functional literacy. Currently, there is no single approach to the interpretation of the concept of "mathematical literacy", the article provides several different approaches to the definition. Based on the analysis of the points of view of different scientists, the authors of the article highlight the main components of the concept of "mathematical literacy". These include: literacy of mathematical speech; possession of mathematical concepts; the ability to correctly formulate definitions and statements; the ability to apply mathematics to research. The paper provides a characteristic of the listed components of mathematical literacy. In addition, in this work, for the first time, an attempt was made to formulate the levels of mathematical literacy – speech, terminological, critical and operational. The article presents the results of testing students in pedagogic areas of training of two universities – Kostroma State University and Yaroslavl State Pedagogic University. The test was aimed at assessing the level of mathematical literacy of future teachers, for whom teaching mathematics will be a part of their professional activities. The test tested not only the knowledge of terms and the ability to give definitions, but also the ability to correctly apply mathematics to solve practical problems with subsequent interpretation, as well as the ability to see errors and inaccuracies in the texts of students' works, Internet sources and teaching aids. The authors identified criteria for assessing the test results and for each criterion; a quantitative indicator was determined equal to the number of correctly completed tasks. The low results of even third-year students show topicality of specific activities that could help improve the mathematical literacy of pedagogues.

scholarly journals Tests of a novel imaging algorithm to localize hidden objects or cavities with muon radiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 (2137) ◽  
pp. 20180063 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bonechi ◽  
G. Baccani ◽  
M. Bongi ◽  
D. Brocchini ◽  
N. Casagli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Imaging Algorithm ◽  
Muon Radiography ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Large Material

A novel algorithm developed within muon radiography to localize objects or cavities hidden inside large material volumes was recently proposed by some of the authors (Bonechi et al. 2015 J. Instrum. 10 , P02003 ( doi:10.1088/1748-0221/10/02/P02003 )). The algorithm, based on muon back projection, helps to estimate the three-dimensional position and the transverse extension of detected objects without the need for measurements from different points of view, which would be required to make a triangulation. This algorithm can now be tested owing to the availability of real data collected both in laboratory tests and from real-world measurements. The methodology and some test results are presented in this paper. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.

EFFECT OF PIPETTE TYPE AND SAMPLE SIZE ON PLATE COUNT RESULTS

1965 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Marth ◽  
J. F. Proctor ◽  
R. V. Hussong
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Points Of View

Summary Raw and pasteurized milk samples were plated by seven analysts using 0.1- and 1.0-ml quantities (of appropriate dilutions) dispensed by 0.1-ml glass, 1.1-ml plastic and 1.1- and 2.2-ml glass pipettes. Incubation was at 32 C for 48 hr. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and the standard deviation as a ratio was calculated. The procedures were compared from two points of view, first to determine if biases existed between the different methods and second if the techniques differed in their random error. No appreciable differences were found between types of pipettes when pasteurized milk was plated. The quantity used, however, was important. Use of a 0.1-ml sample size was associated with more variable results which averaged 10% higher than when a 1.0-ml quantity was plated. Statistical analysis of test results obtained with pasteurized milk suggests: (a) when 0.1-ml samples were used least variation was encountered with the 0.1-ml glass pipette and most variation with the 1.1-ml glass pipette, and (b) when 1.0-ml samples were used very little difference appeared between pipettes although the 1.1-ml plastic pipette tended toward less variation. When raw milk contained large numbers of bacteria, the plastic pipette tended to give higher results than glass pipettes when the 1.0-ml quantity was used; however, these differences with raw milk were not found to be statistically significant. Standard deviations as a ratio revealed: (a) greatest variation with the 2.2-ml glass pipette and least with a 0.1-ml glass or 1.1-ml plastic pipette when a 0.1-ml quantity was used, and (b) greatest variation with a 1.1-ml plastic pipette and least with a 2.2-ml glass pipette when a 1.0-ml sample size was used.

Relationship Between Insertion Torque and Resonance Frequency Measurements, Performed by Resonance Frequency Analysis, in Micromobility of Dental Implants

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aritza Brizuela-Velasco ◽  
Ángel Álvarez-Arenal ◽  
Francisco Javier Gil-Mur ◽  
Mariano Herrero-Climent ◽  
David Chávarri-Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Frequency Measurements

scholarly journals King George II of Imereti (Genealogical and chronological researches)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avtandil Tordia
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Royal Palace ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Many ◽  
Written Sources

The work discusses the reign of George II, this period includes not only the history of Imereti, but also the history of Odishi, Guria, Samtskhe-Saatabago, and this significantly changes the many points of view we had in historiography until now.After reviewing the written sources, we found out that according to the reign of George II, the death of Bagrat III [1565 ], which is shared in our historiography by Iv. Javakhishvili is incorrect. Vakhushti’s date – 1548 is correct [with one or two years error -1549 or 1550]. According to our research, the first spouse of George II is Tamar, the daugheter of Shermazan Diasamidze [and not the second], accordingly his second spouse is Rusudan Sharvashidze, who is regarded by some researchers as his first wife. We were also able to find out that the unsuccessful marriage of George II to Tamar Diasamidze [1535] is the result of the hostile relationship between the authorities of Samtskhe-Saatabagago [Nav-Kvarkvare III, Qaikhosro II] and the authorities of the Kingdom of Imereti [Bagrat III, George II] in the 30s and 50s of the XVI century, when Shermazan Diasamidze commanded the Feudal Lords opposed to the Qaikhosro II Jakhel. The facts that Queen Tamar became a Nun (1561) and the heir of the throne, Mamia disappeared from the royal Palace are connected to the truce of George II and Qaikhosro II in 1562.A number of important facts that happened throughout western Georgia in the 16th century,have also been specified and explained including the tragic end of the family of George II.

scholarly journals Posttherapeutic Cure Criteria in Chagas' Disease: Conventional Serology followed by Supplementary Serological, Parasitological, and Molecular Tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Machado-de-Assis ◽  
A. R. Silva ◽  
V. A. L. Do Bem ◽  
M. T. Bahia ◽  
O. A. Martins-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Indeterminate Form ◽  
Points Of View

ABSTRACTWe performed a critical study of conventional serology, followed by supplementary serological, parasitological, and molecular tests, to assess the response to etiologic treatment of Chagas' disease. A group of 94 Chagas' disease patients treated with benznidazole at least 10 years earlier were evaluated from the laboratory and clinical points of view. When conventional serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], indirect immunofluorescence [IIF], and indirect hemagglutination [IHA]) and classic criteria (consistent results with any two of the three tests) or more rigorous criteria (consistent results from the three tests) were used, 10.6% and 8.5% of patients were considered treated and cured (TC) by classic and rigorous criteria, respectively. Patients were then evaluated using supplementary (recombinant ELISA andTrypanosoma cruziexcreted-secreted antigen blotting [TESA-blot]), parasitological (hemoculture), and molecular (PCR) tests. The results of recombinant ELISA were similar to those with the rigorous criterion (three consistent test results). The TESA-blot group showed a higher percentage (21.3%) of negative results than the groups defined by either cure criterion. Hemoculture and PCR gave negative results for all treated and cured (TC) patients, regardless of the criterion used. Recombinant ELISA and TESA-blot tests showed negative results for 70% and 87.5% of the patients categorized as TC by the classic and three-test criteria, respectively. For patients with discordant conventional serology, the supplementary serological and molecular tests were the decisive factor in determining therapeutic failure. Clinical evaluation showed that 62.5% of TC patients presented with the indeterminate form of the disease. Additionally, treated patients with negative TESA-blot results should be reevaluated later with all methodologies used here to verify whether TESA-blot is a reliable way to determine early parasitological cure of Chagas' disease.

scholarly journals Upaya Meningkatkan Kreativitas Belajar Biologi Siswa Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Number Head Together (NHT) Di MAN Siabu

PeTeKa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Arni Maya ◽  
Nurmaini Ginting ◽  
Sahlan Tuah
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Student Interest ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Classroom Action Research ◽  
Difficult Subjects

The problem faced is the lack of student interest; this is because biology subjects make students easily bored and assume biology is one of the difficult subjects. At the time of observation the teacher is more dominant in the learning process, so students' creativity is lacking. Learning models are needed that are appropriate learning models so as to be able to increase student creativity in sparking ideas, answers, solving problems or questions, skills in seeing problems from different points of view, the ability to give birth to new and unique expressions and able to improve students' abilities in terms of skills or develop students' ideas in the learning process. This type of research is classroom action research with a Number Head Together (NHT) type of cooperative learning model. The results of the first cycle students' creativity test results 78.94% while in the second cycle increased 5.27% with a percentage of 84.21%, the results of observations on students in the first cycle showed the results of 65.27% experienced an increase of 10.45% in the cycle II with the results of a percentage of 75.72% and the results of observations of the activities of teachers in the first cycle obtained 72% in the second cycle increased by 16% to 88%. From this study it was concluded that through the Number Head Together (NHT) learning model can increase creativity Grade XI student MIA 2 MAN Siabu.Keywords: Creativity, Number Head Together, Classroom Action Research

New Reflections on the Occupation of Jizzakh by the Mongols

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Kh. Pardaev ◽  
G.I. Mo’minova
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Interesting Issue ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The City ◽  
Written Sources

This article deals with the geographical location of the city of Djizzakh (Jizzak) during the Mongol invasion of  Maverannahr. And also, due to the lack of written sources of information about the conquest of the city of Djizzakh by the Mongol hordes, the authors set forth their points of view on this important and interesting issue.

scholarly journals TYPE I ON (GENERALIZED) VOISIN–BORCEA ORBIFOLDS AND NONPERTURBATIVE ORIENTIFOLDS

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (22) ◽  
pp. 3461-3494
Author(s):  
ZURAB KAKUSHADZE
Keyword(s):  
Open String ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Type I ◽  
World Sheet ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Heterotic Duality

We consider nonperturbative four-dimensional [Formula: see text] space–time supersymmetric orientifolds corresponding to Type I compactifications on (generalized) Voisin–Borcea orbifolds. Some states in such compactifications arise in "twisted" open string sectors which lack world sheet description in terms of D-branes. Using Type I-heterotic duality as well as the map between Type IIB orientifolds and F theory we are able to obtain the massless spectra of such orientifolds. The four-dimensional compactifications we discuss in this context are examples of chiral [Formula: see text] supersymmetric string vacua which are nonperturbative from both orientifold and heterotic points of view. In particular, they contain both D9- and D5-branes as well as nonperturbative "twisted" open string sector states. We also explain the origins of various inconsistencies arising in such compactifications for certain choices of the gauge bundle.

scholarly journals What we talk about when we talk about corpus frequency: The example of polysemous verbs with light and concrete senses

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Mehl
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Cognitive Salience ◽  
Oxford University Press

AbstractGilquin (2008, What you think ain’t what you get: Highly polysemous verbs in mind and language. In Jean-Remi Lapaire, Guillaume Desagulier & Jean-Baptiste Guignard (eds.),From gram to mind: Grammar as cognition, 235–255. Bordeaux: Presse Universitaires de Bordeaux) reported that light uses of verbs (e.g.make use) tend to outnumber concrete uses of the same verbs (e.g.make furniture) in corpora, whereas concrete senses tend to outnumber light senses in responses to elicitation tests. The differences between corpus frequency and cognitive salience remain an important and much-discussed question (cf. Arppe et al. 2010, Cognitive corpus linguistics: Five points of debate on current theory and methodology.Corpora5(1). 1–27). The question is particularly complicated because bothcorpus frequencyandcognitive salienceare difficult to define, and are often left undefined. Operationalising and defining corpus frequencies are the issues at the heart of the present paper, which includes a close, manual semantic analysis of nearly 6,000 instances of three polysemous verbs with light and concrete uses,make, take, andgive, in the British component of the International Corpus of English. The paper compares semasiological frequencies like those measured by Gilquin (2008) to onomasiological frequency measurements (cf. Geeraerts 1997,Diachronic prototype semantics: A contribution to historical lexicology. Oxford: Clarendon Press). Methodologically, the paper demonstrates that these approaches address fundamentally different research questions, and offer dramatically different results. Findings indicate that corpus frequencies in speech may correlate with elicitation test results, if the corpus frequencies are measured onomasiologically rather than semasiologically; I refer to Geeraerts’s (2010,Theories of lexical semantics. Oxford: Oxford University Press) hypothesis ofonomasiological saliencein explaining this observation.

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