Simulation of a Stand-alone Hybrid PV-Diesel Systems for Critical Island Loads

2021 ◽  
pp. 1563-1583
Author(s):  
Abdelnasser A. Nafeh, Omar M. Abdel-halim, Alah G. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Energy System ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Future Extension ◽  
Generation Capacity

Micro-grid is an effective solution to increase the power distribution reliability by using renewable energy sources or hybrid with a diesel generator. In this research, a hybrid energy system using a solar power system designed for extraction of 100 kW at peak power, at standard condition 1000 W/m2 and 25 ˚C with a diesel generator designed 500 KVA at peak power is simulated for a standalone microgrid utilities. For extraction maximum power, the duty ratio of a converter is adjusting based on the specific value of maximum power point (MPP) voltage of the PV array. Thus, the DC voltage of the inverter side is kept constant to meet the grid specifications, e.g. 400 V and 50 Hz. The PV array is modelling by nonlinear equations which describe the effect of real irradiance levels for the Western Desert in Egypt on DC voltage. The solar power system is designed in an actual location with a diesel generator, supplying a three-phase load of about 300 KW contain 60 KW of critical police loads and 240 KW of normal police loads. Due to the fluctuations in solar irradiance, load sharing between the PV system and the diesel generator is controlled. The load sharing is verified numerically by the Newton-Raphson method for a three-bus ring distribution system. Numerical and simulation results show the capability of the designed PV system to share the load with the diesel generator over the year.The proposed system helps to achieve security and stability, especially in border and remote places due to the high cost of connecting these places with the public network, as well as the difficulty of maintaining diesel generators and delivering fuel. Due to the sunny climate of the Western Desert in Egypt, so the hybrid energy system with any renewable sources helping in increase generation capacity for any future extension loads power requirements without increase the storage units of diesel generator, reduce maintenance of diesel generator, increase the lifetime of diesel generator, helping to keep the environment clean, maintains reliable electricity to the consumer and can be portable from place to another without any additional cost. The proposed system helps to achieve security and stability, especially in border and remote places due to the high cost of connecting these places with the public network, as well as the difficulty of maintaining diesel generators and delivering fuel. Due to the sunny climate of the Western Desert in Egypt, so the hybrid energy system with any renewable sources helping in increase generation capacity for any future extension loads power requirements without increase the storage units of diesel generator, reduce maintenance of diesel generator, increase the lifetime of diesel generator, helping to keep the environment clean, maintains reliable electricity to the consumer and can be portable from place to another without any additional cost.

scholarly journals Modeling, Control and Power Management Strategy of a Grid connected Hybrid Energy System

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit Kumar Bhuyan ◽  
Prakash Kumar Hota ◽  
Bhagabat Panda
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Load Demand

This paper presents the detailed modeling of various components of a grid connected hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank with a power flow controller. Also, a valve controlled by the proposed controller decides how much amount of fuel is consumed by fuel cell according to the load demand. In this paper fuel cell is used instead of battery bank because fuel cell is free from pollution. The control and power management strategies are also developed. When the PV power is sufficient then it can fulfill the load demand as well as feeds the extra power to the electrolyzer. By using the electrolyzer, the hydrogen is generated from the water and stored in storage tank and this hydrogen act as a fuel to SOFC. If the availability of the power from the PV system cannot fulfill the load demand, then the fuel cell fulfills the required load demand. The SOFC takes required amount of hydrogen as fuel, which is controlled by the PID controller through a valve. Effectiveness of this technology is verified by the help of computer simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under various loading conditions and promising results are obtained.

Economic and environmental bi-objective design of an off-grid photovoltaic–battery–diesel generator hybrid energy system

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 1024-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bortolini ◽  
Mauro Gamberi ◽  
Alessandro Graziani ◽  
Francesco Pilati
Keyword(s):  
Energy System ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy

scholarly journals Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of the Hybrid Energy System Considering Electric and Thermal Loads

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 3136
Author(s):  
Li-Ning Xing ◽  
Hong-Long Xu ◽  
Armin Kardan Sani ◽  
Md. Alamgir Hossain ◽  
S. M. Muyeen
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Electric Loads

Optimal sizing of hybrid energy systems has been considerably investigated in previous studies. Nevertheless, most studies only focused on providing AC electric loads by renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). In this paper, a hybrid energy system, including photovoltaic (PV) system, ESS, fuel cell (FC), natural gas (NG) boiler, thermal load controller (TLC), and converter is optimized for supplying different load demands. Three scenarios are introduced to investigate the feasibility of the energy system. Environmental aspects of each system are analyzed, as there are NG-consuming sources in the system structure. A sensitivity analysis is conducted on the influential parameters of the system, such as inflation rate and interest rate. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid energy system is economically and technically feasible. The net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) of the system are obtained at $230,223 and $0.0409, respectively. The results indicate that the TLC plays a key role in the optimal operation of the PV system and the reduction in greenhouse gas emission productions.

scholarly journals Stateflow-Based Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Energy System to Mitigate Load Shedding

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4601
Author(s):  
Muhammad Paend Bakht ◽  
Zainal Salam ◽  
Abdul Rauf Bhatti ◽  
Waqas Anjum ◽  
Saifulnizam A. Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Event Driven

This study investigates the potential application of Stateflow (SF) to design an energy management strategy (EMS) for a renewable-based hybrid energy system (HES). The SF is an extended finite state machine; it provides a platform to design, model, and execute complex event-driven systems using an interactive graphical environment. The HES comprises photovoltaics (PV), energy storage units (ESU) and a diesel generator (Gen), integrated with the power grid that experiences a regular load shedding condition (scheduled power outages). The EMS optimizes the energy production and utilization during both modes of HES operation, i.e., grid-connected mode and the islanded mode. For islanded operation mode, a resilient power delivery is ensured when the system is subjected to intermittent renewable supply and grid vulnerability. The contributions of this paper are twofold: first is to propose an integrated framework of HES to address the problem of load shedding, and second is to design and implement a resilient EMS in the SF environment. The validation of the proposed EMS demonstrates its feasibility to serve the load for various operating scenarios. The latter include operations under seasonal variation, abnormal weather conditions, and different load shedding patterns. The simulation results reveal that the proposed EMS not only ensures uninterrupted power supply during load shedding but also reduces grid burden by maximizing the use of PV energy. In addition, the SF-based adopted methodology is envisaged to be a useful alternative to the popular design method using the conventional software tools, particularly for event-driven systems.

scholarly journals Feasibility study of hybrid energy system for off-grid electrification in rural areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Saadoon Abdul Hafedh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Hybrid energy systems is an energy system which employs the combination of various renewable energy sources (solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and hydrogen fuel) with conventional energy sources to supply electricity. These systems have become reliable and most cost-effective as compare to single-source energy system for rural electrification. The objective of the present study is to address the demand for electrification of remote rural village in eastern Iraq. The methodology is carried out for optimization of hybrid energy system comprising (Photovoltaic, battery, diesel generator) by using HOMER to minimize the cost of energy and the greenhouse gas emissions. For different configuration of energy sources, the capital cost, net present cost and cost of energy is determined for the optimized hybrid energy system on the basis of the electric consumption demand for the selected site. The simulation results show that the most techno-economic analysis for hybrid energy system can feed the  rural village in eastern Iraq to meet a daily load of 30 kW has consisted of 6 kW photovoltaic array, 7 kW power inverter, 20 units of battery (305 Ah and 6V) and 35 kW wind turbines. The optimized energy system has a cost of energy about $ 0.117/kWh and total net present cost  by about $14800. The environmental assessment of the hybrid system shows that the greenhouse gases emissions will reduce about 25ton CO2/year (16968 kg/year) in the local atmosphere.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document