scholarly journals A study of primary sensory neurons and Schwann cells sensitivity to visible light irradiation in vitro, and feasibility of a light inducible system in Schwann cells for neurite outgrowth enhancement in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Diaz Vera
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Primary Sensory Neurons

scholarly journals β-Cyclodextrin/Triclosan Complex-Grafted Methacrylated Glycol Chitosan Hydorgel by Photocrosslinking via Visible Light Irradiation for a Tissue Bio-Adhesive

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Young Jae Moon ◽  
Sun-Jung Yoon ◽  
Jeung-Hyun Koo ◽  
Yihyun Yoon ◽  
Hye Jun Byun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Tissue Adhesive ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Glycol Chitosan

Accelerating wound healing with minimized bacterial infection has become a topic of interest in the development of the new generation of tissue bio-adhesives. In this study, we fabricated a hydrogel system (MGC-g-CD-ic-TCS) consisting of triclosan (TCS)-complexed beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-conjugated methacrylated glycol chitosan (MGC) as an antibacterial tissue adhesive. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed the inclusion complex formation between MGC-g-CD and TCS. The increase of storage modulus (G’) of MGC-g-CD-ic-TCS after visible light irradiation for 200 s indicated its hydrogelation. The swollen hydrogel in aqueous solution resulted in two release behaviors of an initial burst and sustained release. Importantly, in vitro and in vivo results indicated that MGC-g-CD-ic-TCS inhibited bacterial infection and improved wound healing, suggesting its high potential application as an antibacterial tissue bio-adhesive.

scholarly journals Improvement of sensory neuron growth and survival via negatively regulating PTEN by miR-21-5p-contained small extracellular vesicles from skin precursor-derived Schwann cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Cong ◽  
Mi Shen ◽  
Xia Wu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Liting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Functional Protein

Abstract Background Patients with peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often suffer from hypoxic ischemic impairments, in particular when combined with vascular damage, causing neuronal dysfunction and death. Increasing attention has been paid on skin precursor-derived Schwann cells (SKP-SCs), and previous study has shown that SKP-SCs could promote sensory recovery after cell therapy for PNI, resembling the effect of naive SCs, and SKP-SC-derived extracellular vesicles (SKP-SC-EVs) are putatively supposed to be promising therapeutic agents for neural regeneration. Methods SKPs were induced to differentiate towards SCs with cocktail factors (N2, neuregulin-1β, and forskolin) in vitro. SKP-SC-EVs were isolated by exoEasy Maxi Kit and characterized by morphology and phenotypic markers of EVs. Rat sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) were primarily cultured in regular condition or exposed to oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) condition. SKP-SC-EVs were applied to DRGs or sensory neurons, with LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) added; the effect on neurite outgrowth and cell survival was observed. Moreover, microRNA (miR) candidate contained in SKP-SC-EVs was screened out, and miR-mimics were transfected into DRG neurons; meanwhile, the negative regulation of PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis and downstream signaling molecules were determined. Results It was shown that SKP-SC-EVs could improve the neurite outgrowth of DRGs and sensory neurons. Furthermore, SKP-SC-EVs enhanced the survival of sensory neurons after OGD exposure by alleviating neuronal apoptosis and strengthening cell viability, and the expression of GAP43 (a neuron functional protein) in neurons was upregulated. Moreover, the neuro-reparative role of SKP-SC-EVs was implicated in the activation of PI3K/Akt, mTOR, and p70S6k, as well as the reduction of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, that was compromised by LY294002 to some extent. In addition, transferring miR-21-5p mimics into sensory neurons could partly protect them from OGD-induced impairment. Conclusions Sum up, SKP-SC-EVs could improve neurite outgrowth of DRG sensory neurons in physiological and pathological condition. Moreover, the in vitro therapeutic potential of SKP-SC-EVs on the survival and restoration of OGD-injured sensory neurons was evidenced to be associated with miR-21-5p contained in the small EVs and miR-21-5p/PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis. Graphic abstract

Cu Doped TiO2: Visible Light Assisted Photocatalytic Antimicrobial Activity and High Temperature Anatase Stability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehamol Mathew ◽  
Priyanka Ganguly ◽  
Stephen Rhatigan ◽  
Vignesh Kumaravel ◽  
Ciara Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
X Ray

Indoor surface contamination by microbes is a major public health concern. A damp environment is one potential sources for microbe proliferation. Smart photocatalytic coatings on building surfaces using semiconductors like titania (TiO<sub>2</sub>) can effectively curb this growing threat.<b> </b>Metal-doped titania in anatase phase has been proved as a promising candidate for energy and environmental applications. In this present work, the antimicrobial efficacy of copper (Cu) doped TiO<sub>2 </sub>(Cu-TiO<sub>2</sub>) was evaluated against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (Gram-negative) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (Gram-positive) under visible light irradiation. Doping of a minute fraction of Cu (0.5 mol %) in TiO<sub>2 </sub>was carried out <i>via</i> sol-gel technique. Cu-TiO<sub>2</sub> further calcined at various temperatures (in the range of 500 °C – 700 °C) to evaluate the thermal stability of TiO<sub>2</sub> anatase phase. The physico-chemical properties of the samples were characterised through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-visible spectroscopy techniques. XRD results revealed that the anatase phase of TiO<sub>2</sub> was maintained well, up to 650 °C, by the Cu dopant. UV-DRS results suggested that the visible light absorption property of Cu-TiO<sub>2 </sub>was enhanced and the band gap is reduced to 2.8 eV. Density functional theory (DFT) studies emphasises the introduction of Cu<sup>+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions by replacing Ti<sup>4+</sup> ions in the TiO<sub>2</sub> lattice, creating oxygen vacancies. These further promoted the photocatalytic efficiency. A significantly high bacterial inactivation (99.9%) was attained in 30 mins of visible light irradiation by Cu-TiO<sub>2</sub>.

Semiconductor Photocatalysts for Solar-to-Hydrogen Energy Conversion: Recent Advances of CdS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxue Wei ◽  
Honglin Qin ◽  
Jinxin Deng ◽  
Xiaomeng Cheng ◽  
Mengdie Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Recent Developments

Introduction: Solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting is one of the most promising solutions to satisfy the increasing demands of a rapidly developing society. CdS has emerged as a representative semiconductor photocatalyst due to its suitable band gap and band position. However, the poor stability and rapid charge recombination of CdS restrict its application for hydrogen production. The strategy of using a cocatalyst is typically recognized as an effective approach for improving the activity, stability, and selectivity of photocatalysts. In this review, recent developments in CdS cocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting under visible-light irradiation are summarized. In particular, the factors affecting the photocatalytic performance and new cocatalyst design, as well as the general classification of cocatalysts, are discussed, which includes a single cocatalyst containing noble-metal cocatalysts, non-noble metals, metal-complex cocatalysts, metal-free cocatalysts, and multi-cocatalysts. Finally, future opportunities and challenges with respect to the optimization and theoretical design of cocatalysts toward the CdS photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are described. Background: Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting using photocatalyst semiconductors is one of the most promising solutions to satisfy the increasing demands of a rapidly developing society. CdS has emerged as a representative semiconductor photocatalyst due to its suitable band gap and band position. However, the poor stability and rapid charge recombination of CdS restrict its application for hydrogen production. The strategy of using a cocatalyst is typically recognized as an effective approach for improving the activity, stability, and selectivity of photocatalysts. Methods: This review summarizes the recent developments in CdS cocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting under visible-light irradiation. Results: Recent developments in CdS cocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting under visible-light irradiation are summarized. The factors affecting the photocatalytic performance and new cocatalyst design, as well as the general classification of cocatalysts, are discussed, which includes a single cocatalyst containing noble-metal cocatalysts, non-noble metals, metal-complex cocatalysts, metal-free cocatalysts, and multi-cocatalysts. Finally, future opportunities and challenges with respect to the optimization and theoretical design of cocatalysts toward the CdS photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are described. Conclusion: The state-of-the-art CdS for producing hydrogen from photocatalytic water splitting under visible light is discussed. The future opportunities and challenges with respect to the optimization and theoretical design of cocatalysts toward the CdS photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are also described.

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