scholarly journals Electric conductivity for laboratory and field monitoring of induced partial saturation (IPS) in sands

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Kazemiroodsari
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Field Monitoring ◽  
Partial Saturation ◽  
Induced Partial Saturation

scholarly journals Development of dynamic impact cone for assessing induced partial saturation (IPS) as liquefaction mitigation technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 07006
Author(s):  
Fritz R. P. Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Partial Saturation ◽  
Saturated Sand ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Partially Saturated ◽  
Liquefaction Mitigation ◽  
Induced Partial Saturation ◽  
Partially Saturated Sand ◽  
Mitigation Technique ◽  
Excess Pore

Liquefaction of saturated loose sands during an earthquake has been a great concern for practicing earthquake engineer because of its damaging effects. Current liquefaction mitigation techniques used in practice are expensive. A new innovative mitigation technique which is cost effective was proposed by Yegian et al. [1] called “Induced Partial Saturation” (IPS). This method involves in generating gas bubbles within the pores of fully-saturated sand and transformed it to partially-saturated sand. This paper described the development of a dynamic impact cone to assess the effect of this IPS treatment on saturated loose sand specimens. This dynamic impact cone consists of a cone, rod, ruggedized pressure transducer, string pot, and DAQ. The cone which has pressure transducer incorporated at its tip was driven into fully and partially (treated) saturated sand specimens prepared in the laboratory. The excess pore pressures and penetrations depth per impact of the two specimens were compared. The tests results such as the excess pore pressure and the penetration indicate that the impact penetration on the fully-saturated specimens liquefied sand, but could not liquefy the partially-saturated sand. Therefore the concept and development of this dynamic impact cone has promising future applications.

scholarly journals Electric Conductivity Probes to Study Change in Degree of Saturation - Bench Top Laboratory Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 03016
Author(s):  
Hadi Kazemiroodsari ◽  
Mishac K. Yegian ◽  
Akram N. Alshawabkeh ◽  
Seda Gokyer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Partial Saturation ◽  
Ottawa Sand ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Archie’S Law ◽  
Sodium Percarbonate ◽  
Liquefaction Susceptibility

Sand characteristics such as liquefaction susceptibility can be affected as a result of change in degree of saturation of sand. New liquefaction mitigation technique by inducing partial saturation in sands is introduced by Yegian et al in 2007[1]. This technique requires to monitor changes in degree of saturation of sand. By nature, changes in degree of saturation of sand can lead in changes in its electric conductivity. Electric conductivity is the property of a material that represents its ability to conduct electric current. Fully saturated sand can conduct electric current better than sand with lower degree of saturation. Therefore, the change in measured electric conductivity can be used to calculate the change in degree of saturation of sand. In 1942, Gus Archie [2] expressed that the electric conductivity of soil is a function of its porosity, degree of saturation, tortuosity and electric conductivity of pore fluid. Using Archie’s law electrical conductivity can be related to the degree of saturation in sands. Typically, electric conductivity probes and meters are instruments which are used to measure electric conductivity. Using electrical conductivity probes, sets of bench top tests were conducted on Ottawa sand to study the relation between degree of saturation and electric conductivity in sand. Partial saturation in sands were created by pouring dry sand into sodium percarbonate solution with a known initial concentration. By nature, sodium percarbonate in water, generates oxygen gas bubbles in time. The changes in electric conductivity in the specimen were measured using electric conductivity meters and probes. In addition, changes in degree of saturation of the specimen were measured using soil phase relations equations. Measured electric conductivity data and calculated degree of saturations were correlated to explore relation between electric conductivity and degree of saturation. This paper presents results of bench top tests, and suggests a relationship between, final degree of saturation of sand and initial concentration of sodium percarbonate solution

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