scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of the "Table Drawing" Technique during Neuropsychological Assessment of Children Aged 4–17 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-270
Author(s):  
N.A. Khokhlov ◽  
E.D. Fyodorova ◽  
A.D. Zhalnina ◽  
K.E. Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Mental Functions ◽  
Projective Representations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Drawing Technique ◽  
Child Neuropsychology

The method of "Table Drawing" is used in child neuropsychology to evaluate projective representations. At the same time, a unified system for assessing the technique performance, age standards, and information about the validity are absent. The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of the technique during the neuropsychological examination of children aged 4–17 years. A survey of 636 persons was conducted, 411 of them boys and 225 girls. The overall technique performance was evaluated in the diagnostic process. Regardless of the diagnostician, the drawings were evaluated by the level of projective representations and the geometric properties. Age standards of technique execution were obtained. Based on the material of 597 diagnostic protocols, the contribution of the state of 14 higher mental functions and psychological characteristics to the success of the test performance was studied. Constructive-spatial functions have the greatest weight; however, the efficiency also depends on visual gnosis, dynamic praxis, and thinking. The diagnostic value of the method is different at different ages, so neuropsychological interpretation of its execution results should depend on the age of the subject.

scholarly journals The diagnostic value of EBV-DNA and EBV-related antibodies detection for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Liu ◽  
Gui Chen ◽  
Xin Gong ◽  
Yingqi Wang ◽  
Yaoming Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Ebv Dna ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Numerous individual studies have investigated the diagnostic value of EBV-DNA, EA-IgA, VCA-IgA, EBNA1-IgA and Rta-IgG detection for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but the conclusions remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the value of EBV-DNA, EA-IgA, VCA-IgA, EBNA1-IgA and Rta-IgG detection in the diagnosis of NPC. Methods PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019145532. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Chinese data libraries (Wanfang, CNKI, and CBM) were searched up to January 2019. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood, negative likelihood, and diagnostic odds ratios were conducted in this meta-analysis. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated the test-performance global summary. Publication bias was examined by Deek’s funnel plot asymmetry test. Results Forty-seven studies with 8382 NPC patients (NPC group) and 15,089 individuals without NPC (Control group) were included in this meta-analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood (+ LR), negative likelihood (-LR), DOR and AUC of EBV-DNA in diagnosis of NPC were: 0.76 (95% CI 0.73–0.77), 0.96 (95% CI 0.95–0.97), 14.66 (95% CI 9.97–21.55), 0.19 (95% CI 0.13–0.28), 84 (95% CI 50.45–139.88), 0.96 (SE: 0.001), and 0.55 (95% CI 0.54–0.57), 0.96 (95% CI 0.96–0.97), 12.91 (95% CI 9.55–17.45), 0.35 (95% CI 0.29–0.43), 39.57 (95% CI 26.44–59.23), 0.94 (SE: 0.002) for the EA-IgA, and 0.85 (95% CI 0.84–0.85), 0.89 (95% CI 0.88–0.89), 6.73 (95% CI5.38–8.43), 0.17 (95% CI 0.12–0.23), 43.03 (95% CI 31.51–58.76), 0.93 (SE: 0.007) for the VCA-IgA, and 0.86 (95% CI 0.85–0.88), 0.87 (95% CI 0.88–0.90), 7.55 (95% CI 5.79–9.87), 0.16 (95% CI 0.13–0.19), 50.95 (95% CI 34.35–75.57), 0.94 (SE: 0.008) for the EBNA1-IgA, and 0.70 (95% CI 0.69–0.71), 0.94 (95% CI 0.94–0.95), 9.84 (95% CI 8.40–11.54), 0.25 (95% CI 0.21–0.31), 40.59 (95% CI 32.09–51.35), 0.95 (SE: 0.005) for the Rta-IgG. The EBV-DNA had larger AUC compared with other EBV-based antibodies (P < 0.05), while the difference between EA-IgA, VCA-IgA, EBNA1-IgA and Rta-IgG was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions EBV-DNA, VCA-IgA, EBNA1-IgA and Rta-IgG detection have high accuracy in early diagnosis NPC. In addition, EBV-DNA detection has the higher diagnosis accuracy in NPC. On the other hand, EA-IgA is suitable for the diagnosis but not NPC screening.

scholarly journals The Clock Drawing Test: Performance differences between the free-drawn and incomplete-copy versions in patients with MCI and dementia

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Costa Beber ◽  
Renata Kochhann ◽  
Bruna Matias ◽  
Márcia Lorena Fagundes Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Drawing Test

ABSTRACT Background: The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a brief cognitive screening tool for dementia. Several different presentation formats and scoring methods for the CDT are available in the literature. Objective: In this study we aimed to compare performance on the free-drawn and "incomplete-copy" versions of the CDT using the same short scoring method in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia patients, and healthy elderly participants. Methods: 90 participants (controlled for age, sex and education) subdivided into control group (n=20), MCI group (n=30) and dementia group (n=40) (Alzheimer's disease - AD=20; Vascular Dementia - VD=20) were recruited for this study. The participants performed the two CDT versions at different times and a blinded neuropsychologist scored the CDTs using the same scoring system. Results: The scores on the free-drawn version were significantly lower than the incomplete-copy version for all groups. The dementia group had significantly lower scores on the incomplete-copy version of the CDT than the control group. MCI patients did not differ significantly from the dementia or control groups. Performance on the free-drawn copy differed significantly among all groups. Conclusion: The free-drawn CDT version is more cognitively demanding and sensitive for detecting mild/early cognitive impairment. Further evaluation of the diagnostic value (accuracy) of the free-drawn CDT in Brazilian MCI patients is needed.

scholarly journals A Modificatory Screening Protocol for ARDS in Patients with Respiratory Support Based on SpO2 and FiO2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xia ◽  
Qiancheng Xu ◽  
Zhiyuan Guo ◽  
Huijuan Zhang ◽  
Yingya Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Hypoxic Group

Abstract Background: A large number of recent studies have confirmed that the pulse oximetric saturation (SpO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio (SFR) correlate well with PaO2/FiO2 ratio (PFR). However, whether SFR can replace PFR for the diagnosis and evaluate the severity of ARDS patients with advanced respiratory support is unclearly. The purpose of this study is to explore potential value of SFR ratio as a new diagnostic tool for ARDS by establishing new processes in patients who require high levels of oxygen support.Methods: 341 patients were included in this study, SFR and PFR values were recorded in the same time. 161 patients were used to establish the model, and 180 patients were used to verify the validity of the model. 161 groups of data were divide into hypoxic group (group H) and non-hypoxic group (group N) according to whether SpO2 was greater than 97%. For group H, the regression equation was established to describe the relationship between SFR and PFR. and calculated the value of SFR when PFR is 300. For group N, the correlation between each observation data andPFR were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of the index. Finally, a new diagnostic process was established for ARDS based on these results, and the reliability was verified with Berlin definition set as the gold standard for diagnosis and classification. Results: For group H, the diagnostic linear equation is PFR = 0.9162*SFR-21.39 ( R2=0.66 , P<0.0001 ). After calculation, when PFR is 300, SFR is 352. For group N, There is a significant negative correlation between FiO2 and PFR((R= -0.521,P<0.0001)). The AUC of using FiO2 to diagnose ARDS was 0.694 (95%CI 0.571~0.817, P ＜ 0.005). When the cutoff value of FiO2 was 39%, the sensitivity was 0.838 and the specificity was 0.545. Therefore, in this new diagnosis progress, when SpO2≤97%, if SFR≤352, ARDS may exist; when SpO2>97%, if FiO2min>39%, there may be ARDS. The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and accuracy of the new diagnosis progress for ARDS were 91.1%, 76.7%, 89.6%, 79.6%, and 83.9%, respectively. Conclusion: There are potential value of SpO2 and FiO2 as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for ARDS by new processes in patients who are already receiving high levels of oxygen support.

scholarly journals Problems of Research on Generations in Psychology

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Sivrikova
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Family Role ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Psychological Concept ◽  
Common Experience ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Modern psychology faces many tasks that require the study of social psychological characteristics of representatives of different generations. However, there still is no single, unified concept of generations in the psy¬chological science, which makes research into the subject even more difficult. Basing on a review of Russian and foreign works, the author describes the following three problems of research on generations in modern psychology: 1) The problem of defining the very concept of 'generation'; 2) The problem of defining quantitative and qualitative characteristics of 'generation'; 3) The problem of differentiating between generations. Creating a complex social psychological concept in which a generation would be considered a relatively independent social community of individuals united by common cultural-historical location and common experience may contribute to eliminating these problems. The author argues that generations functioning in society should be differentiated on the basis of the following criteria: historical era, age, family role and identification with one or another generation.

scholarly journals Klasifikasi Sel Darah Putih dan Sel Limfoblas Menggunakan Metode Multilayer Perceptron Backpropagation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Apri Nur Liyantoko ◽  
Ika Candradewi ◽  
Agus Harjoko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Techniques

 Leukemia is a type of cancer that is on white blood cell. This disease are characterized by abundance of abnormal white blood cell called lymphoblast in the bone marrow. Classification of blood cell types, calculation of the ratio of cell types and comparison with normal blood cells can be the subject of diagnosing this disease. The diagnostic process is carried out manually by hematologists through microscopic image. This method is likely to provide a subjective result and time-consuming.The application of digital image processing techniques and machine learning in the process of classifying white blood cells can provide more objective results. This research used thresholding method as segmentation and  multilayer method of back propagation perceptron with variations in the extraction of textural features, geometry, and colors. The results of segmentation testing in this study amounted to 68.70%. Whereas the classification test shows that the combination of feature extraction of GLCM features, geometry features, and color features gives the best results. This test produces an accuration value 91.43%, precision value of 50.63%, sensitivity 56.67%, F1Score 51.95%, and specitifity 94.16%.

scholarly journals Psychological Characteristics of Subjects of Extreme Activity Depending on The Length of Service and Work Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Kotovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Professional Resiliency

Professional activity, which includes an extreme component at the content level, is a special type of activity with the presentation of increased physical, psychological and psychophysiological requirements for a person, the consideration of which contributes to the successful performance of service and work tasks and the prevention of psychosomatic, psychovegetative and pathological organizational changes of the subject. The purpose of the study is to identify the psychological characteristics of the subjects of extreme activity, depending on the length of service and work experience. To achieve the goal of the study, we studied 508 male respondents whose professional activity contained an extreme component (military air traffic controllers, ground-based and deck-based transport and fighter pilots, surface sailors, submariners, firefighters, specialists engaged in the disposal of spent nuclear fuel, participants in combat operations). As a result of the study, it was found that with an increase in the length of service and work experience, interpersonal relationships are transformed in specialists of extreme profile, personality qualities and characterological features change. Professional resiliency does not change in the course of official and labor activity

Evaluating the ARF diagnosis calculator: A survey and content analysis. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fisher ◽  
Christian James ◽  
Diana Mosca ◽  
Bart J Currie ◽  
Anna P Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Support Tool

BACKGROUND Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) is a critically important condition for which there is no diagnostic test. Diagnosis requires the use of a set of criteria comprising clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings. The complexity of the algorithm and the fact that clinicians lack familiarity with ARF, make ARF diagnosis ideally suited to an electronic decision support tool. We developed an ARF Diagnosis Calculator to assist clinicians in diagnosing ARF and correctly assigning categories of ‘possible, ‘probable’ or ‘definite’ ARF. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acceptability and accuracy of the ARF Diagnosis Calculator as perceived by clinicians in Northern Australia where ARF rates are high, and test performance against a ‘gold standard’. METHODS Three strategies were used to provide triangulation of data. Users of the calculator employed at Top End Health Service, Northern Territory, Australia were invited to participate in an online survey about the calculator, and clinicians with ARF expertise were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive analysis. Performance of the calculator in correctly assigning a diagnosis of possible, probable or definite ARF, or not ARF, was assessed using clinical data from 35 patients presenting with suspected ARF. Diagnoses obtained from the calculator were compared using the Kappa statistic with those obtained from a panel of expert clinicians, considered the ‘gold standard’. Findings were shared with developers of the calculator and changes were incorporated. RESULTS Survey responses were available from 23 Top End Health Service medical practitioners, and interview data were available from five expert clinicians. Using a 6-point Likert scale, participants highly recommended the ARF Diagnosis Calculator (median score 6, IQR 1) and found it easy to use (median 5, IQR 1). Participants believed the calculator helped them diagnose ARF (median 5, IQR 1). Valued features included educational content and laboratory test reference ranges. Criticisms included: too many pop-up messages to be clicked through; that it is less helpful in remote areas which lack access to investigation results; and the need for more clarity about actively excluding alternative diagnoses to avoid false-positive ARF diagnoses. Importantly, clinicians with ARF expertise noted that electronic decision making is not a substitute for clinical experience. There was high agreement between the ARF Diagnosis Calculator and the ‘gold standard’ ARF diagnostic process (κ=0.767, 95% CI: 0.568-0.967). However, incorrect assignment of diagnosis occurred in 4/35 (11%) patients highlighting the greater accuracy of expert clinical input for ambiguous presentations. Sixteen changes were incorporated into a revised version of the calculator. CONCLUSIONS The ARF Diagnosis Calculator is an easy-to-use, accessible tool, but it does not replace clinical expertise. Effective resources to support clinicians in diagnosing and managing ARF are critically important for improving the quality of care of ARF.

scholarly journals Clinical Usefulness of Self-Rated Olfactory Performance—A Data Science-Based Assessment of 6000 Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Lötsch ◽  
Thomas Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Data Science ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Olfactory Testing ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
University Department

Abstract In clinical practice, with its time constraints, a frequent conclusion is that asking about the ability to smell may suffice to detect olfactory problems. To address this question systematically, 6049 subjects were asked about how well they can perceive odors, with 5 possible responses. Participants presented at a University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, where olfactory testing was part of the routine investigation performed in patients receiving surgery at the clinic (for various reasons). According to an odor identification test, 1227 subjects had functional anosmia and 3113 were labeled with normosmia. Measures of laboratory test performance were used to assess the success of self-estimates to capture the olfactory diagnosis. Ratings of the olfactory function as absent or impaired provided the diagnosis of anosmia at a balanced accuracy of 79%, whereas ratings of good or excellent indicated normosmia at a balanced accuracy of 64.6%. The number of incorrect judgments of anosmia increased with age, whereas false negative self-estimates of normosmia became rarer with increasing age. The subject’s sex was irrelevant in this context. Thus, when asking the question “How well can you smell odors?” and querying standardized responses, fairly accurate information can be obtained about whether or not the subject can smell. However, this has to be completed with the almost 30% (355 subjects) of anosmic patients who judged their ability to smell as at least “average.” Thus, olfactory testing using reliable and validated tests appears indispensable.

scholarly journals Pituitary Cachexia with Disturbance of Circulatory Regulation. Result of Treatment with Prolan

1935 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 925-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stanton Hicks ◽  
F. Sandiland Hone
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Circulatory Response ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Muscular Effort

A case of extreme wasting associated with amenorrhœa for eighteen months. On finding that the subject showed a fall of blood-pressure with unaltered pulse-rate on sitting up, anterior pituitary dysfunction (Simmonds' syndrome (?)) was diagnosed and prolan (Bayer) was administered. Following 100 units intramuscularly administered, the circulatory response became normal in twenty-four hours. The pulse rapidly improved in strength and all circulatory symptoms disappeared within a week. Weight increased at first rapidly, and the nutrition, skin and hair improved remarkably. Metabolism of sugar, as shown by glucose tolerance tests, became normal, and evidence for improvement in fat metabolism is brought forward. The study of the case goes to support the conclusion of Schellong that a function of the anterior pituitary is to influence the circulatory response to muscular effort. That hypotonia of itself is not responsible for the circulatory symptoms is shown by the failure of ephedrine (which raised the blood-pressure) to remove the circulatory symptoms. Contrary to some accepted beliefs, prolan, which is prepared from urine of pregnant mares, has a profound metabolic effect, as well as an effect on the ovary. The diagnostic value of the circulatory response in doubtful cases is discussed.

scholarly journals Development of technical creativity of Kazakh youth is the basis of socio-economic and cultural development of the whole state

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
Gulzhan Algartova ◽  
Mergembay Kurgambekov ◽  
Gulmira Kudassova
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
General Education ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Technical Creativity ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic

The problem of technical creativity as a type of spiritual production is the subject of socio-philosophical research, which has its own content and structure. The purpose of the presented article is to disseminate the results of the study on the formation of the foundations of technical creativity among the Kazakh youth of secondary schools of the Aktobe region in the period 2017-2020.The methodological apparatus of the research: the socio-philosophical problems of technical creativity were introduced by the researchers S. L Rubinshtein, P. S. Engelmeyer; psychological characteristics of personality abilities - Ch. Spearman, V.N.Druzhinin; communicative, regulatory and cognitive functions of the psyche - B.F. Lomov, S.V. Myskin Research base: participants in the pedagogical process of secondary schools No. 23,17,27,1,26, Aktobe, Aktobe region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the research results - the levels of creativity were highlighted: low, medium, sufficient, high; the functional capabilities of a subject teacher, focused on the development of creative thinking, activation of imagination   Key words: technical creativity, Kazakhstani youth, practical activity, general education, functionality, levels of creativity

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