scholarly journals From the Definitions of Mental Phenomena towards the Analysis of Developmental Perspectives of Actions

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Malanov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mental Actions

The paper addresses the issue of diversity of definitions of mental phenomena and methodological approaches to their exploration. It is argued that monistic construction of psychological knowledge is essential and requires drawing consistent conclusions about mental functioning in living organisms from the laws of evolution or, as in the case with humans, from the laws of anthropogenesis and historical development of humankind. The paper describes two main patterns of scientific analysis which consider mental phenomena as processes and functions that are: a) localized in and generated by the brain on the basis of ‘information processing mechanisms’; b) localized between the living organisms and objects, ensuring their orientation in the outer world. The paper also discusses the problem of evolutionary development of functions responsible for orientation and interaction with the environment in animals. It highlights the ontogenetic stages of integration of language means into the organization of practices and mental actions in humans and analyses the main patterns in the development of actions, as well as the grounds for selecting operations of which they consist and which correspond with traditionally described mental functions.

Fit Vs Faint: Assessing Work Causation in “Idiopathic Fall” Cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Lorne Direnfeld ◽  
David B. Torrey ◽  
Jim Black ◽  
LuAnn Haley ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Brain Electrical Activity ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Medical Causation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Current Science

Abstract When an individual falls due to a nonwork-related episode of dizziness, hits their head and sustains injury, do workers’ compensation laws consider such injuries to be compensable? Bearing in mind that each state makes its own laws, the answer depends on what caused the loss of consciousness, and the second asks specifically what happened in the fall that caused the injury? The first question speaks to medical causation, which applies scientific analysis to determine the cause of the problem. The second question addresses legal causation: Under what factual circumstances are injuries of this type potentially covered under the law? Much nuance attends this analysis. The authors discuss idiopathic falls, which in this context means “unique to the individual” as opposed to “of unknown cause,” which is the familiar medical terminology. The article presents three detailed case studies that describe falls that had their genesis in episodes of loss of consciousness, followed by analyses by lawyer or judge authors who address the issue of compensability, including three scenarios from Arizona, California, and Pennsylvania. A medical (scientific) analysis must be thorough and must determine the facts regarding the fall and what occurred: Was the fall due to a fit (eg, a seizure with loss of consciousness attributable to anormal brain electrical activity) or a faint (eg, loss of consciousness attributable to a decrease in blood flow to the brain? The evaluator should be able to fully explain the basis for the conclusions, including references to current science.

From many to one: Meditation and the plasticity of the predictive mind

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Laukkonen ◽  
Heleen A Slagter
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
The Self ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Conceptual Processing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Contemplative Science ◽  
Open Monitoring ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Brain

How profoundly can humans change their own minds? In this paper we offer a unifying account of meditation under the predictive processing view of living organisms. We start from relatively simple axioms. First, the brain is an organ that serves to predict based on past experience, both phylogenetic and ontogenetic. Second, meditation serves to bring one closer to the here and now by disengaging from anticipatory processes. We propose that practicing meditation therefore gradually reduces predictive processing, in particular counterfactual cognition—the tendency to construct abstract and temporally deep representations—until all conceptual processing falls away. Our Many- to-One account also places three main styles of meditation (focused attention, open monitoring, and non-dual meditation) on a single continuum, where each technique progressively relinquishes increasingly engrained habits of prediction, including the self. This deconstruction can also make the above processes available to introspection, permitting certain insights into one’s mind. Our review suggests that our framework is consistent with the current state of empirical and (neuro)phenomenological evidence in contemplative science, and is ultimately illuminating about the plasticity of the predictive mind. It also serves to highlight that contemplative science can fruitfully go beyond cognitive enhancement, attention, and emotion regulation, to its more traditional goal of removing past conditioning and creating conditions for potentially profound insights. Experimental rigor, neurophenomenology, and no-report paradigms combined with neuroimaging are needed to further our understanding of how different styles of meditation affect predictive processing and the self, and the plasticity of the predictive mind more generally.

Integrative Approaches in Modern Practical Psychology is the Technique of Marie as Complex Tool Diagnostics and Consulting

Diogenes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Korotkina ◽  
◽  
Mariya Danilina
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Material ◽  
Transformation Technique ◽  
Applied Aspect ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Research Technique ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

The article deals with the current trends in the integration of methodological approaches in theoretical and practical psychology. In the applied aspect the MARI technique is considered as a research and transformation technique. The structure of the method is described, the characteristics of the stimulus material and interpretations are given, the mechanism of the method as a research technique and psychocorrection tool is revealed. The article deals with the concept of archetype and symbol in the context of research and Advisory work. The substantiation of the technique as an integrative tool that allows to overcome the faults in the psychological knowledge at the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal levels in terms of the integrative methodology of Yurevich.

Perspectives on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang ◽  
George Baciu ◽  
Yiyu Yao ◽  
Witold Kinsner ◽  
Keith Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Cognitive Informatics ◽  
Intelligent Computing ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Science Information ◽  
Intelligence Science

Cognitive informatics is a transdisciplinary enquiry of computer science, information sciences, cognitive science, and intelligence science that investigates the internal information processing mechanisms and processes of the brain and natural intelligence, as well as their engineering applications in cognitive computing. Cognitive computing is an emerging paradigm of intelligent computing methodologies and systems based on cognitive informatics that implements computational intelligence by autonomous inferences and perceptions mimicking the mechanisms of the brain. This article presents a set of collective perspectives on cognitive informatics and cognitive computing, as well as their applications in abstract intelligence, computational intelligence, computational linguistics, knowledge representation, symbiotic computing, granular computing, semantic computing, machine learning, and social computing.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF MODERN TOURISM

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Oksana Braslavska
Keyword(s):  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Tourism Studies ◽  
Tourism Professionals ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of the article is to attempt to discover the conceptual basis of modern tourism, in particular, to justify scientific approaches. The basis of the method of work was the use of conventional methods: theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the specified topic, synthesis, description and comparison. The results are the separation of the following scientific approaches: axiological, cultural, multicultural, holistic, structural, functional, informational, synergistic, predictive, unity of quality and quantity, co-evolutionary (development), causality. The scientific novelty of the study was the interpretation of general methodological approaches in the field of tourism studies, a clear definition of their characteristics, which will help to improve its methodological basis. The practical significance of the article is to justify the expediency of using scientific approaches, which will make it possible to combine the efforts of tourism professionals under the current conditions of fundamental incompleteness and uncertainty of information on the methodology of tourism; in developing approaches that are, to some extent, capable of ensuring the effective interaction and synthesis of different science methods on a single conceptual basis.

Methodological approaches to the study of the problem of psychological and pedagogical adaptation of students-repatriаts in the holistic pedagogical process of the University

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Zhibek Tajibayeva ◽  
◽  
Asyl Arenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Effective Organization ◽  
The University

This article considers methodological approaches that can be rationally applied in the study of the problem of psychological and pedagogical adaptation of students-repatriates in the holistic pedagogical process of the University. Scientific researches of the problem of adaptation, including its theoretical bases are studied and analyzed. Kazakh, Russian and foreign scientists’ works were the theoretical and methodological basis for the provision of scientific analysis. Definitions of concepts repatriation, adaptation are given, types of adaptation are described in this article. An important stage of introducing a person to the values of higher education is admission to a higher educational institution, the development of fundamental scientific knowledge, professional basic concepts. In this regard, the problem of adaptation of repatriated students to the conditions of study at the University is of particular importance. The success of adaptation of repatriated students to study at the University is largely due to value orientations as a factor that ensures the effective organization of the educational process. The carried-out characteristic of the used approaches, principles and methods has shown their substantial aspect rather full analysis. And mastering the whole system of approaches, determines the ability to prepare an appropriate research methodology.

Perspectives on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang ◽  
George Baciu ◽  
Yiyu Yao ◽  
Witold Kinsner ◽  
Keith Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Social Computing ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Cognitive Informatics ◽  
Intelligent Computing ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Science Information

Cognitive informatics is a transdisciplinary enquiry of computer science, information sciences, cognitive science, and intelligence science that investigates the internal information processing mechanisms and processes of the brain and natural intelligence, as well as their engineering applications in cognitive computing. Cognitive computing is an emerging paradigm of intelligent computing methodologies and systems based on cognitive informatics that implements computational intelligence by autonomous inferences and perceptions mimicking the mechanisms of the brain. This article presents a set of collective perspectives on cognitive informatics and cognitive computing, as well as their applications in abstract intelligence, computational intelligence, computational linguistics, knowledge representation, symbiotic computing, granular computing, semantic computing, machine learning, and social computing.

Perspectives on the Field of Cognitive Informatics and its Future Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang ◽  
Bernard Carlos Widrow ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Witold Kinsner ◽  
Kenji Sugawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Future Development ◽  
External Information ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Cognitive Informatics ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Science Information

The contemporary wonder of sciences and engineering has recently refocused on the beginning point of: how the brain processes internal and external information autonomously and cognitively rather than imperatively like conventional computers. Cognitive Informatics (CI) is a transdisciplinary enquiry of computer science, information sciences, cognitive science, and intelligence science that investigates the internal information processing mechanisms and processes of the brain and natural intelligence, as well as their engineering applications in cognitive computing. This paper reports a set of eight position statements presented in the plenary panel of IEEE ICCI’10 on Cognitive Informatics and Its Future Development contributed from invited panelists who are part of the world’s renowned researchers and scholars in the field of cognitive informatics and cognitive computing.

Semantic and Formal Representation of Cognitive Models for the Metacognitive Architecture CARINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-72
Author(s):  
Alba J. Jerónimo ◽  
María P. Barrera ◽  
Manuel F. Caro ◽  
Adán A. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

A cognitive model is a computational model of internal information processing mechanisms of the brain for the purposes of comprehension and prediction. CARINA metacognitive architecture runs cognitive models. However, CARINA does not currently have mechanisms to store and learn from cognitive models executed in the past. Semantic knowledge representation is a field of study which concentrates on using formal symbols to a collection of propositions, objects, object properties, and relations among objects. In CARINA Beliefs are a form of represent the semantic knowledge. The aim of this chapter is to formally describe a CARINA-based cognitive model through of denotational mathematics and to represent these models using a technique of semantic knowledge representation called beliefs. All the knowledge received by CARINA is stored in the semantic memory in the form of beliefs. Thus, a cognitive model represented through beliefs will be ready to be stored in semantic memory of the metacognitive architecture CARINA. Finally, an illustrative example is presented.

The history and scope of neuropsychiatry

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Michael Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Romantic Era ◽  
The Brain

This chapter discusses the clinical necessity from which the intersection of neurology and psychiatry arose, exploring different eras and their associated intellectual milestones in order to understand the historical framework of contemporary neuropsychiatry. Identifying Hippocrates’ original acknowledgement of the relation of the human brain to epilepsy as a start point, the historical development of the field is traced. This encompasses Thomas Willis and his nascent descriptions of the limbic system, the philosophical and alchemical strides of the Enlightenment, and the motivations behind the Romantic era attempts to understand the brain. It then follows the growth of the field through the turn of the twentieth century, in spite of the prominence of psychoanalysis and the idea of the brainless mind, and finally the understanding of the ‘integrated action’ of the body and nervous system, which led to the integration of psychiatry and neurology, allowing for the first neuropsychiatric examinations of epilepsy.

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