Results of researches of cases of sticking of wet snow and complex sediments on the territory of Ukraine during the second half of the XX - beginning of the XXI century. and the prospects for their further research

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Svitlana Pyasecka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Past Research ◽  
First Century ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Coherent Picture

The article presents the results of research on the physical characteristics of the formation of a number of ice-and-frost-free phenomena, in particular wet sticking (wet snow deposits on the wires of a standard ice-making machine) and complex sediments. The peculiarities of formation of such sediments in general (also categories of dangerous and natural) are analyzed. The synoptic conditions of their formation, diagnostic signs and peculiarities of distribution on the territory of Ukraine are indicated. The analyzed period covers mostly the second half of the twentieth century. and the beginning of the twenty-first century. The aim of the work is not only to analyze the results of past research, but also to draw the direction of further research on ice-damper deposits in Ukraine in the conditions of the modern climate for the development of recommendations for certain sectors of the economy that are most vulnerable to them in order to prevent or reduce losses. In view of further climate change in Ukraine on the background of global warming, the urgent need is to continue the study of changes in the distribution of various types of ice-and-cloud-bearing deposits, in particular, wet snow and complex deposits on the territory of Ukraine and the identification of their current trends in the regions of the country should cover a number of urgent tasks for further research, namely: it is necessary to identify the most active cells of such deferrals and to trace their dynamics, especially for deposits of the category of dangerous and natural. It is necessary to conduct a special study on the nature and amount of losses from such deposits in separate regions of Ukraine and to establish the most vulnerable territories. In order to create a coherent picture of modern features in the distribution and trends of ice-damper deposits in Ukraine, it is necessary to combine the results of the study of the present state of all three major types of sediment. On the basis of the revealed recent dynamics, the distribution of such deposits, taking into account the tendencies of losses from them, make recommendations for the most vulnerable territories of the country and the branches of government.

Denouement: World Politics, Systemic Leadership, and Climate Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Thompson ◽  
Leila Zakhirova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
World Politics ◽  
First Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Historical Processes

In this final chapter, we conclude by recapitulating our argument and evidence. One goal of this work has been to improve our understanding of the patterns underlying the evolution of world politics over the past one thousand years. How did we get to where we are now? Where and when did the “modern” world begin? How did we shift from a primarily agrarian economy to a primarily industrial one? How did these changes shape world politics? A related goal was to examine more closely the factors that led to the most serious attempts by states to break free of agrarian constraints. We developed an interactive model of the factors that we thought were most likely to be significant. Finally, a third goal was to examine the linkages between the systemic leadership that emerged from these historical processes and the global warming crisis of the twenty-first century. Climate change means that the traditional energy platforms for system leadership—coal, petroleum, and natural gas—have become counterproductive. The ultimate irony is that we thought that the harnessing of carbon fuels made us invulnerable to climate fluctuations, while the exact opposite turns out to be true. The more carbon fuels are consumed, the greater the damage done to the atmosphere. In many respects, the competition for systemic leadership generated this problem. Yet it is unclear whether systemic leadership will be up to the task of resolving it.

Current Trends in Research in Climate Change Related to Biodiversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Singh ◽  
R. Nagendran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Climate Interactions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Leading Journals

The changing climate has forced its way into everyone’s mind as an unpleasant thought. Global warming, no more a hoax now, has started to show its presence everywhere. It has affected the atmosphere, economy, politics, lifestyle, biodiversity etc. Of all, biodiversity is a clear indicator of changing climate. The indication is made by the chemical, physiological or behavioral changes observed in animal and plant species. There has been a shift in the species diversity towards the regions which were originally cold but have become warm due to the warming of the climate. The research on the effects of climate change on biodiversity has been intensive. The studies have covered several aspects of ‘biodiversity -climate’ interactions. The present paper is an attempt to provide an insight into the major contributions by researchers as reflected in papers published during the last fifteen years in some of the leading journals and discuss the research needs for the future, especially in the context of developing countries.   Keywords - Climatology, biodiversity, species interaction, India

scholarly journals When could global warming reach 4°C?

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1934) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Betts ◽  
Matthew Collins ◽  
Deborah L. Hemming ◽  
Chris D. Jones ◽  
Jason A. Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
First Century ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Emissions Scenario

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) assessed a range of scenarios of future greenhouse-gas emissions without policies to specifically reduce emissions, and concluded that these would lead to an increase in global mean temperatures of between 1.6°C and 6.9°C by the end of the twenty-first century, relative to pre-industrial. While much political attention is focused on the potential for global warming of 2°C relative to pre-industrial, the AR4 projections clearly suggest that much greater levels of warming are possible by the end of the twenty-first century in the absence of mitigation. The centre of the range of AR4-projected global warming was approximately 4°C. The higher end of the projected warming was associated with the higher emissions scenarios and models, which included stronger carbon-cycle feedbacks. The highest emissions scenario considered in the AR4 (scenario A1FI) was not examined with complex general circulation models (GCMs) in the AR4, and similarly the uncertainties in climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks were not included in the main set of GCMs. Consequently, the projections of warming for A1FI and/or with different strengths of carbon-cycle feedbacks are often not included in a wider discussion of the AR4 conclusions. While it is still too early to say whether any particular scenario is being tracked by current emissions, A1FI is considered to be as plausible as other non-mitigation scenarios and cannot be ruled out. (A1FI is a part of the A1 family of scenarios, with ‘FI’ standing for ‘fossil intensive’. This is sometimes erroneously written as A1F1, with number 1 instead of letter I.) This paper presents simulations of climate change with an ensemble of GCMs driven by the A1FI scenario, and also assesses the implications of carbon-cycle feedbacks for the climate-change projections. Using these GCM projections along with simple climate-model projections, including uncertainties in carbon-cycle feedbacks, and also comparing against other model projections from the IPCC, our best estimate is that the A1FI emissions scenario would lead to a warming of 4°C relative to pre-industrial during the 2070s. If carbon-cycle feedbacks are stronger, which appears less likely but still credible, then 4°C warming could be reached by the early 2060s in projections that are consistent with the IPCC’s ‘likely range’.

From Past to Future

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Levene
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
International System ◽  
First Century ◽  
Paradigmatic Shift ◽  
The Future ◽  
Single State ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents two scenarios that might have a huge influence for the prospects of genocide in the future: the carrying capacity of the planet and global warming. The key point about the pursuit of this theme is that the disruptive potential of climate change, whether writ small in terms of the single state, or writ large in terms of the international system, is entirely exponential. It also hints the necessity for a paradigmatic shift in the relationship not only to each other but to the precious planet if people are to avoid not simply genocide but omnicide. For those who would seek to avoid genocide in the twenty-first century, the task cannot somehow be reduced to Lemkin's law. The phenomenon cannot be contained within this box: it is too fundamental a by-product of a more general dysfunction, not to say, even as it transmutes into persistent post-genocide.

Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Millington ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Jonathan R. Moore ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Intraspecies Competition ◽  
High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

Political Preferences, Personality Traits, and Environmentalism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Soutter ◽  
René Mõttus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Party Voting

Although the scientific evidence of anthropogenic climate change continues to grow, public discourse still reflects a high level of scepticism and political polarisation towards anthropogenic climate change. In this study (N = 499) we attempted to replicate and expand upon an earlier finding that environmental terminology (“climate change” versus “global warming”) could partly explain political polarisation in environmental scepticism (Schuldt, Konrath, & Schwarz, 2011). Participants completed a series of online questionnaires assessing personality traits, political preferences, belief in environmental phenomenon, and various pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours. Those with a Conservative political orientation and/or party voting believed less in both climate change and global warming compared to those with a Liberal orientation and/or party voting. Furthermore, there was an interaction between continuously measured political orientation, but not party voting, and question wording on beliefs in environmental phenomena. Personality traits did not confound these effects. Furthermore, continuously measured political orientation was associated with pro-environmental attitudes, after controlling for personality traits, age, gender, area lived in, income, and education. The personality domains of Openness, and Conscientiousness, were consistently associated with pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours, whereas Agreeableness was associated with pro-environmental attitudes but not with behaviours. This study highlights the importance of examining personality traits and political preferences together and suggests ways in which policy interventions can best be optimised to account for these individual differences.

Graubündens Wald im Fokus | Focus on the Grisons forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (7) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Reto Hefti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Form Part ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Government

In the mountainous canton Grisons, much visited by tourists, the forest has always had an important role to play. New challenges are now presenting themselves. The article goes more closely into two themes on the Grisons forestry agenda dominating in the next few years: the increased use of timber and climate change. With the increased demand for logs and the new sawmill in Domat/Ems new opportunities are offered to the canton for more intensive use of the raw material, wood. This depends on a reduction in production costs and a positive attitude of the population towards the greater use of wood. A series of measures from the Grisons Forestry Department should be of help here. The risk of damage to infrastructure is particularly high in a mountainous canton. The cantonal government of the Grisons has commissioned the Forestry Department to define the situation concerning the possible consequences of global warming on natural hazards and to propose measures which may be taken. The setting up of extensive measurement and information systems, the elaboration of intervention maps, the estimation of the danger potential in exposed areas outside the building zone and the maintenance of existing protective constructions through the creation of a protective constructions register, all form part of the government programme for 2009 to 2012. In the Grisons, forest owners and visitors will have to become accustomed to the fact that their forests must again produce more wood and that, on account of global warming, protective forests will become even more important than they already are today.

Systemic Leadership and Energy: The Argument

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Thompson ◽  
Leila Zakhirova
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Single Case ◽  
World Politics ◽  
First Century ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Interactive Model ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Significant Factors

This chapter introduces the issue of how systemic leadership and energy are intertwined. One compound question is: How did we shift from a primarily agrarian economy to a primarily industrial economy, and how did this shift shape world politics? We develop an interactive model of the significant factors involved in this change, not all of which necessarily had an equal impact in each single case. A second set of questions involve the linkages between the systemic leadership that emerged from these historical processes and the global warming crisis of the twenty-first century. How is systemic leadership linked to the crisis in the first place? What is systemic leadership’s likely role in responding to the crisis?

Twitter Users’ Displays of Affect in the Global Warming Debate

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728162110078
Author(s):  
Shanna Cameron ◽  
Alexandra Russell ◽  
Luke Brake ◽  
Katherine Fredlund ◽  
Angela Morris
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Technical Communication ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Twitter Users

This article engages with recent discussions in the field of technical communication that call for climate change research that moves beyond the believer/denier dichotomy. For this study, our research team coded 900 tweets about climate change and global warming for different emotions in order to understand how Twitter users rely on affect rhetorically. Our findings use quantitative content analysis to challenge current assumptions about writing and affect on social media, and our results indicate a number of arenas for future research on affect, global warming, and rhetoric.

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