scholarly journals HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION TRENDS ON "OLESHKIVSKI PISKY" MILITARY TRAINING SITE

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
А. Splodytel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Training Site

The results of ecological-geochemical researches of soil cover of "Oleshkivski pisky" military training site, using maximum allowable concentration and classification of chemical elements with respect to hazard classes are presented. Analytical works to identify gross content and heavy metals movable forms in soils were defined by methods of atomic absorption and mass-spectometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICPMS) as well as by using gamma-ray activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Analysis and interpretation of the coefficients of heavy metal components concentration were conducted based on landscape and geochemical fundamentals. The regular network of the protoselection points was developed. This network is built taking into account landscape structure of the territory, and provides control over landscape and geochemical currents and barriers. The average index of soil cover pollution of the polygon was calculated taking into account different toxicity of the elements. This index reaches its maximum in the region of firing positions and military polygon. The average Zc index of the upper soil level is 32, which corresponds to the dangerous level of soil pollution. The research revealed the content of moveable forms of heavy metals in soil cover of the polygon in order to identify toxic and tolerant levels of heavy metals concentration and reserve sources of elements in soils, which can maintain optimal concentration level in soil solution. It was defined that content of heavy metals in three movable forms are represented in the following geochemical units, mg/kg: in acid soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > V > Ni > Co > Cd; in exchangeable form – Mn > Zn > Pb > V > Co = Ni > Cu > Cd; in water soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb = V > Co > Ni > Cd > Cu. The article presents research results on accumulation intensity and the nature of distribution of gross and mobile heavy metals forms in soil and on their migration in the soil profile. The dominant technogenic geochemical unit was extracted: Cd > Hg > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > V > Co > Mn. Landscapes with maximum polyelement contamination have been identified.

scholarly journals Landscape-geochemical preconditions and regularities of toxic elements distribution on “Oleshkivski pisky” military training site territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
A. Splodytel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Training Site ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
The Military

It is characterized main features of landscape-geochemical structure of “Oleshkivski pisky” military range. It is analysed special aspects of military training activity influence on the of soils and plants contamination level with heavy metals. Sampling scheme for studying of heavy metals migration features, with respect to landscape structure of the territory is substantiated. Special features of heavy metals distribution in soils at different distances from firing positions within military range have been determined. It is investigated distribution and accumulation of I and II danger class heavy metals in soil and vegetational cover of the military training site. The regularities of spatial distribution of mobile and potentially accessible forms of heavy metals are determined. It was defined that content of heavy metals in three movable forms are represented in the following geochemical units, mg/kg: in acid soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > V > Ni > Co > Cd; in exchangeable form – Mn > Zn > Pb > V > Co = Ni > Cu > Cd; in water soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb = V > Co > Ni > Cd > Cu. It is presented studies results on accumulation intensity and the nature of distribution of gross and mobile heavy metals forms in soil space and on their migration in the soil profile. The dominant technogenic geochemical unit was extracted: Cd > Hg > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > V > Co > Mn. Landscapes with maximum polyelement contamination have been identified. Landscape-geochemical map of “Oleshkivski pisky” military training site territory was drawn, relying on own field and experimental materials. Migration dynamics of Ni, Zn, Cu, V, Pb and other heavy metals mobile forms in the soil profile of soddy underdeveloped sandy soil during 2015–2019 under impact contamination levels has been determinated. The peculiarities of heavy metals mobile forms absorption in typical plant species of the military range territory during 2015–2019 vegetation periods were clarified.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in PM10 inorganic composition in the Andean city

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Zalakeviciute ◽  
Katiuska Alexandrino ◽  
Yves Rybarczyk ◽  
Alexis Debut ◽  
Karla Vizuete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Soluble Ions

Abstract Particulate matter (PM) is one of the key pollutants causing health risks worldwide. While the preoccupation for increased concentrations of these particles mainly depends on their sources and thus chemical composition, some regions are yet not well investigated. In this work the composition of chemical elements of atmospheric PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 µm), collected at the urban and suburban sites in high elevation tropical city, were chemically analysed during the dry and wet seasons of 2017–2018. A large fraction (~ 68%) of PM10 composition in Quito, Ecuador is accounted for by water-soluble ions and 16 elements analysed using UV/VIS spectrophotometer and Inductively Coupled Plasma—Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed to study a correlation between the chemical composition of urban pollution and meteorological parameters. The suburban area displays an increase in PM10 concentrations and natural elemental markers during the dry (increased wind intensity, resuspension of soil dust) season. Meanwhile, densely urbanized area shows increased total PM10 concentrations and anthropogenic elemental markers during the wet season, which may point to the worsened combustion and traffic conditions. This might indicate the prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory problems in motorized areas of the cities in the developing world.

A Comprehensive Review of Minerals, Trace Elements, and Heavy Metals in Saffron

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyed Mohammad Ali Noori ◽  
Mohammad Hashemi ◽  
Sajjad Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Abstract: Saffron is one of the most expensive spices in the world, and its popularity as a tasty food additive is spreading rapidly through many cultures and cuisines. Minerals and heavy metals are minor components found in saffron, which play a key role in the identification of the geographical origin, quality control, and food traceability, while they also affect human health. The chemical elements in saffron are measured using various analytical methods, such as techniques based on spectrometry or spectroscopy, including atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The present study aimed to review the published articles about heavy metals and minerals in saffron across the world. To date, 64 chemical elements have been found in different types of saffron, which could be divided into three groups of macro-elements, trace elements, and heavy metals (trace elements with a lower gravity/greater than five times that of water and other inorganic sources). Furthermore, the chemical elements in the saffron samples of different countries have a wide range of concentrations. These differences may be affected by geographical condition such as physicochemical properties of the soil, weather and other environmental conditions like saffron cultivation and its genotype.

scholarly journals Influence of technogenic loading of pyrogenic origin on the geochemical migration of heavy metals

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Buts ◽  
V. Asotskyi ◽  
O. Kraynyuk ◽  
R. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Migration Potential ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Migration Capacity ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The study of geochemical aspects of the transformation of migration properties of heavy metals under the influence of anthropogenic loading of pyrogenic origin has been given insufficient attention. We studied the concentration of heavy metals in soils by atomic absorption analysis. The results indicate the transformation of their migration properties. The diversity and versatility of behaviour of chemical elements in environmental components after fire was noted. In different ecological conditions, it is possible to observe a wide range of quantitative values of geochemical migration or accumulation of any particular chemical element. The analytical results show that the contents of migrant elements, pH values, areas of disasters which are approximately in the same conditions, but passed by the grass or upper fire differ quite tangibly. Heavy metals that hit the environment can form difficult soluble hydroxides. In addition, in the soil solution, there is a probability of the formation of hydroxocomplexes with different amounts of hydroxide ions by metals. The range of precipitation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes have been studied by constructing concentration-logarithmicdiagrams. On the basis of the calculations it can be argued that the influence of technogenic loading of pyrogenic origin influences the geochemical migration of heavy metals . Compounds Fe3+ at the pH = 4.5-14, Cu2+ at pH = 7-14, Cr2+ at pH = 7-9, Zn2+ at pH= 8-11, Ni2+ at pH = 8-14 have the lowest migration potential. Compounds Pb2+ at pH = 9-12, Fe2+ - pH = 9.5-14 have the lowest migration potential also. In a more acidic environment, soluble substances are formed, but at a pH increase of only 0.5-1, they can decrease their mobility by an order of magnitude which contributes to their concentration in the soils after the fire. In a neutral soil reaction, most of the heavy metals (Al, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe (II), Ni) are in a slightly soluble form (in the form of hydroxides), with insignificant, migration capacity which leads to the accumulation of these chemical elements in the soil. It is necessary to allocate heavy metals moving in a neutral environment (Fe (II), Cd, Co, Mg, Mn) into a separate group. Any increase in pH values contributes to their fixation. The obtained calculations can be used to predict the geochemical migration of heavy metals in soils which result from anthropogenic disasters of a pyrogenic origin.

GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MODERN ZINC CONTENT IN THE SOIL COVER OF THE URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
SINTSOV ALEXANDER V. ◽  
◽  
BARMIN ALEXANDER N. ◽  
ZIMOVETS PETR A. ◽  
VALOV MICHAIL V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Anthropogenic and technogenic processes in the urban environment significantly change the chemical composition of the soil cover. One of such processes influencing the state of the urban soil is the process of soil cover pollution with heavy metals. Heavy metals are biochemically active and highly toxic; they are found in various components of the natural environment, as well as in systems of anthropogenic and technogenic origin. They have the property of accumulation in the body of living beings and have a negative effect on their condition. This group of chemical elements includes lead, zinc, chromium, mercury, copper, iron and other metals. Exceeding the permissible concentration of heavy metals in the soil of an urbanized area and their toxic effects pose a significant danger to humans. Contamination of the soil cover of an urbanized area with heavy metals is associated with the impact of a large number of sources of anthropogenic and technogenic origin, namely, energy and industrial facilities, city infrastructure support systems, zones of construction activities and storage of materials or waste. One of the main highly toxic chemical pollutants of the soil cover of the urbanized territory belonging to the group of heavy metals is zinc «Zincum-Zn». The article describes the results of a 2020 study of the current zinc content in the soil cover of the city of Astrakhan. The relevance of the work lies in the geochemical analysis of the content of heavy metals in the soil of the city of Astrakhan. The aim of the work was to study the modern process of soil contamination of the city of Astrakhan with zinc. The work was based on the task of determining the degree of exceeding the hygienic standards of the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in soil samples. Methods of geographical and ecological research were used in the work, soil samples were collected, followed by determination of the concentration of a substance in each of the soil samples in a certified laboratory. In the course of the work, the indicators of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in the soil of the city of Astrakhan were determined and the presumptive sources of pollution were identified.

Evaluation of the Elemental Composition of Hemerocallis as a Bioindicator of the Ecological State of the Urbanized Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
L.L. Sedelnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Novosibirsk Oblast ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
First Time

As a result, the study using the method of x-ray fluorescence analysis with synchrotron radiation (SRX RF), for the first time obtained reliable data on the content of 20 elements in the above-ground (leaves) and underground (rhizome) plant organs Hemerocallis hybrida (sort Regal Air) growing in an urban environment in the Novosibirsk oblast. It is shown that the maximum concentration of most elements falls on the organs of plants that live in a man-made environment. The high content of heavy metals – lead, zinc, iron, manganese, copper – in the leaves was noted. The increased concentration of chemical elements in the organs of plants Hemerocallis hybrida, which suggests that they are bioindicators of the ecological state of industrial transport zones.

scholarly journals Pyrogenic Influence n Geochemistry Migration Ability of Heavy Metal

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Migration Potential ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Migration Capacity

Purpose. Investigation of dynamics of geochemical migration ability of heavy metals as a result of the effect of man-made loading of pyrogenic origin. Methods. Analytical: atomic absorption analysis, pH-metric; the range of precipitation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes have been studied by constructing concentration-logarithmic diagrams (CRLs). Results. The results indicate the transformation of their migration properties. The diversity and versatility of behavior of chemical elements in environmental components after the fire was noted. In different ecological conditions, it is possible to observe a wide range of quantitative values of geochemical migration or accumulation of any particular chemical element. Analytical results show that the contents of migrant elements, pH values, areas of incidents, which are approximately in the same conditions, but passed by the grass or upper fire differ quite tangibly. Heavy metals that hit the environment can form difficult soluble hydroxides. In addition, in the soil solution, there is a probability of the formation of hydroxocomplexes with different amounts of hydroxide ions by metals. The range of precipitation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes have been studied by constructing concentration-logarithmic diagrams. On the basis of the calculations it can be argued that the influence of the technogenic loading of pyrogenic origin on the geochemical migration of heavy metals takes place. Compounds Fe3+ at the pH = 4.5-14, Cu2+ at pH = 7-14, Cr2+ at pH = 7-9, Zn2+ at pH= 8-11, Ni2+ at pH = 8-14 have the lowest migration potential. Compounds Pb2+ at pH = 9-12, Fe2+ - pH = 9.5-14 have the lowest migration potential also. In a more acidic _____________________________________________________ © Буц Ю. В., Крайнюк О. В., Барбашин В. В., Кобзін В. Г. , 2018 environment, soluble substances are formed, but at a pH increase of only 0,5-1, they can decrease their mobility by an order of magnitude, which contributes to their concentration in the soils after the fire. In a neutral soil reaction, most of the heavy metals (Al, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe (II), Ni) are in a slightly soluble form (in the form of hydroxides), with their migration capacity insignificant, which leads to the accumulation of these chemical elements in the soil . In a separate group it is necessary to allocate heavy metals moving in a neutral environment (Fe (II), Cd, Co, Mg, Mn). Any increase in pH values contributes to their fixation. Conclusions. The obtained calculations can be used to predict the geochemical migration of heavy metals in soils after the man-made consequences of emergencies of pyrogenic origin.

scholarly journals MIGRATION OF TOXIC METALS FROM VEGETABLE WASTE IN COMPOST

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
T.V. SHEVCHUK ◽  
N.F. DOROSHKEVICH
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Fallen Leaves

The article presents the results of studies of the heavy metals transformation from the raw plant materials (dry leaf, lawn grass, vegetable wastes) in the process of composting using the Californian worm. It is known that in cities during the growing season, a large number of fallen leaves is accumulated. It is a valuable raw material for fuel production; it is an excellent thermal insulator, it is considered to be a good mulch and can be recycled. We have developed a humus technology based on vegetable waste (fallen leaves) with the help of a Californian worm. Before composting, the concentration of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper and zinc) was determined in foliage collected from the streets of Vinnitsa. Analyzes showed that the background of these metals in plant waste did not exceed the maximum permissible norms. It has been experimentally proved that composting involves the conversion of heavy metals from fallen leaves to the body of the Californian worm and removing them as insoluble components in the lower compass. In addition, it has been experimentally established that during the composting period various heavy metals showed uneven migration and transformation in a soluble form. The most active was adsorption and removal of zinc compost. It was found that humic water-soluble compounds convert more than 78% of the total zinc that was contained in the composted substrate. The least mobile compound was lead. However, even such a metal, as lead, during 150 days of composting by the California worm, turned into 40% soluble form and migrated to the lower layers of humic liquids. Thus, the processing of vegetable waste from cities (fallen leaves, lawn grass, garbage disposal, etc.) by composting using growing worms will not only solve the social problem of utilization, but will also contribute to increasing environmental safety and economic efficiency. Key words: heavy metals, transformation, California worms, compost, vegetable waste, utilization.

scholarly journals Assessment of anthropogenic contamination in an urban territory by the example of Blagoveshchensk city

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
V. I. Radomskaya ◽  
N. A. Borodina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Mobile Forms

The distribution of heavy metals (HM) was analyzed in soils of Blagoveshchensk. The main physicochemical features (pH, the content of organic substance, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, the exchangeable cations of calcium and magnesium, as well as the total content of Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Mn, Cd, Zn) were studied in soil samples. The anthropogenic influence on the urban environment transforms the physicochemical properties of soils: alkalizes the soil cover, increases the organic matter content, exchangeable bases, and mobile forms of biogenic elements. The total content of studied HM in the soils of Blagoveshchensk exceeds their concentrations in soils of the Mukhinka background territory and shows the spatial heterogeneity of pollutants distribution in the upper soil layer. As proceeds from the comparison of the studied elements concentrations with their MPC/APC, the most polluted territories are confined to industrial zones. Four elements, i.e., Mn, Pb, Cd and Zn, are accumulated in urban soils. However, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr accumulation is not so important. The calculation results of total contamination index in the upper soil cover layer in Blagoveshchensk taking into account the HM toxicity coefficient prove that Blagoveshchensk soils are mainly classified as moderately hazardous and nonhazardous. The evidence on the total content of HM do not allow making conclusion about their geochemical behavior in soils and about possible transition to neighbor environment. That is why the most mobile and easily mobilized forms of heavy metals, i.e., water-soluble and specifically adsorbed forms, were extracted using the method of successive extractions. The mobility of metals was established to be higher in the urban soils as compared to the background soils. Among the studied elements, Cd, Pb and Zn proved to be the most hazardous, with their mobility being close to the average risk of being included in the nutrition chains. This may lead to the contamination of Amur cross-boundary river ecosystems with heavy metals in case the groundwater level rises in the Blagoveshchensk territory due to its waterlogging by the Zeya River water.

scholarly journals Enrichment of sediments in urban rivers by heavy metals

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Urban Rivers

<div> <p>The heavy metals contained in sediments may be responsible for constant degradation of rivers&rsquo; water quality, which circulate in an urban environment. Therefore, this study shows the pollution index and enrichment factor for each of these elements in river sediments. It was used the optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) and total organic carbon (TOC) by dry combustion. The enrichment factor of sediments were normalized by aluminium concentration. From the point of view of toxicology, the elements Ba, Cr, Pb and Zn, and the macro chemical elements Fe, Mg and Na showed to be more significant. When used the references of local background, the enrichment percentages for Ba, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mg and Na respectively were 39.3%, 44.3%, 56.3%, 18.6%, 140.2%, 18.4% and 295%. The percentage of TOC did not exceeded the limit of 1% at any of the points of sampling. According to the main worldwide guidelines, the obtained concentrations for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in the majority of the points of sampling, are rates from which can be expected adverse effects in the aquatic environment. This occur due to theirs capacities to release these elements in the flowing. Therefore, this study are relevant scientific data to indicate the water quality of urban rivers.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

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