scholarly journals Covariance Structure of Compositional Tables

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Fačevicová ◽  
Karel Hron
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Orthonormal Coordinates ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Special Case

Recent experiences with interpretation of orthonormal coordinates in compositionaldata show clearly a necessity of their better understanding in terms of logratios that formthe primary source of information within the logratio methodology. This is even morecrucial in the special case of compositional tables, where both balances and coordinateswith odds ratio interpretation are involved. The aim of the paper is to provide a decompo-sition of covariance structure of orthonormal coordinates in compositional tables in termsof logratio variances that could serve for this purpose. For their better interpretability,the formulas are also accompanied with appropriate comments and graphical illustrations,and implications for the prominent case of 2 2 compositional tables are discussed.

Nutrient supplementation among pregnant women in China: an observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Tao Han ◽  
Jingwen Dong ◽  
Jiangtao Zhang ◽  
Chenxiao Zhang ◽  
Yuxuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Supplementation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Objective: To clarify nutrient supplementation usage and primary source of information among pregnant women in China. Design: This cross-sectional study used information on nutrient supplementation and primary source of information collected via face-to-face interviews. Data on the usage of folic acid, calcium/vitamin D, iron, vitamins, docosahexaenoic acid, and other dietary supplements were collected. Primary source of information were categorized as family/relatives, friends/co-workers, the Internet, books/magazines, television/radio, doctors, other people, and oneself. Setting: Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Chengdu, China. Participants: 1081 Chinese pregnant women aged ≥ 20 years with singleton pregnancies. Results: In all three trimesters of pregnancy, usage was highest and most stable for folic acid (81.7%), followed by vitamins (vitamin A, B-group vitamins, vitamin C, and multivitamins; 75.0%), whereas calcium/vitamin D (51.4%) and iron (18.1%) usage was low, potentially indicating a deficiency risk. All supplementation usage percentages increased with pregnancy duration (p < 0.05). Notably, approximately 10% of the pregnant women in our study did not use any nutrient supplementation, and this was especially common in early pregnancy. More than 50% of the women reported getting information on nutrient supplementation from family members, and about 30% reported getting this information from doctors. Conclusions: Among pregnant women in China, awareness about nutrient supplementation increases as the pregnancy progresses, but some types of nutrient supplementation (such as calcium/vitamin D and iron) remain at low levels. It is necessary to pay more attention to the health education of pregnant women in China, and the influence of family members should be emphasized.

The Beloved Disciple, the Fourth Evangelist, and the Authorship of the Fourth Gospel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Gospel Of John ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Fourth Gospel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Individual ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Beloved Disciple

Discussions of the authorship of the Gospel of John must answer two questions: who is the Beloved Disciple who is portrayed as the book’s primary source of information, and how is this individual related to the author, John the evangelist? On the first question, scholars are divided on whether the Beloved Disciple is a real historical individual or an ideal symbolic figure. Data from the text itself and from social-science perspectives on the reputations of key figures from the past suggest that both are correct: the Beloved Disciple was a legendary associate of Jesus whose presentation reflects his reputation as a source of information that was critical to the Johannine theological outlook. On the second question, data suggests that the evangelist was not the Beloved Disciple but rather a disciple of that individual, perhaps basing his own book on an earlier document produced by the Beloved Disciple.

Influence of ethnicity, gender, and immigration status on millennials’ behavior related to seeking health information

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roofia Galeshi ◽  
Jyotsna Sharman ◽  
Jinghong Cai
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Source Of Information

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the behavior diversities that exist among young millennials’ subgroups in ways they seek health-related information. Design/methodology/approach The authors ran several sets of analyses on the 2012–2014 US Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) Data using Stata. The population was stratified into four specific subgroups based on their gender, ethnicity—blacks, Hispanics and whites—immigration status, college status—whether they were enrolled in a program of study at the time of the survey. The outcome variables were sources of health information including print (books/magazines/brochures), traditional media (Radio/TV), internet, family/friends/co-workers and health professionals. The independent variables were gender, ethnicity, educational status and immigration status. The authors utilized the appropriate sample weight derived by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development so the findings can be generalized to the populations. The analysis included several descriptive statistics and χ2 test of independence. Findings Despite similarities, young adults’ health seeking behavior is complex influenced by gender, ethnicity, immigration status and education. The results indicated that while the internet is the primary source of health-related information for all young adults, there are subtle differences in utilizing other available resources. For example while more educated young adults seek help from their family members, the less educated peers use the media to obtain health-related information. Ethnicity has also an effect on young adults’ information seeking behavior. The number of Hispanics and blacks that obtain their information from traditional media is significantly higher than their white counterparts. Research limitations/implications This study has several limitations. First, the authors did not consider the effect of young adults’ digital literacy skills, problem solving skills and numeracy skills on their health seeking approach. Including these cognitive skills could reveal key information about young adults approach to information seeking that is not apparent by race, ethnicity and gender only. Another limitation of this study is the lack of the ability to claim causation, PIAAC data are designed strictly for cross-sectional analysis. Practical implications Although, behaviors often do not change simply by presenting information, trying to change behavior without improving individuals’ understanding of the issue by providing accurate information is likely to fail. Providing standardized health-related information sources that are accessible to all is vitally important. The results indicate that while the majority of young adults use the internet as their primary source of information only a few percentage of young adults seek information from health professional. Consequently, there is a need for an easily accessible and standardized online health-related source of information. Social implications Healthcare facilities and health related industries have the resources and the ability to develop a reliable infrastructure that could potentially provide reliable information that is easy to understand and navigate for adults with a variety of literacy and skills to use. Perhaps adopting the Universal Design for Learning approach and providing information that is accessible to a variety of individuals regardless of their education, learning skills and language skills. Flexible learning resources provided within a standard infrastructure accessible to all can help individuals find trustworthy and consistent information that they can trust. Originality/value Despite the unique characteristics of the millennials and the profound change in the way young adults seek information, there is a paucity of research on the ways young adults seek health-related information. Most existing literature is based on locally developed surveys and convenient sampling with limited reliability and validity information. Consequently making a sweeping statement based on their findings is considered as hasty generalization. The PIAAC, on the other hand, is a nationally representative data, extensively examined for its validity and reliability.

Congregations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
High Income ◽  
American Religion ◽  
Congregational Life ◽  
American Life ◽  
Large Churches ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Source Of Information

This chapter discusses six trends in congregational life: looser connections between congregations and denominations, more computer technology, more informal worship, older congregants, more high-income and college-educated congregants, and, what is perhaps most important, more people concentrated in very large churches. Taken together, these trends show that congregations are shaped by the same cultural, social, and economic pressures affecting American life and institutions more generally. The National Congregations Study (NCS), which began in 1998, is the primary source of information for several of the trends described in this chapter. As with change in American religion as a whole, trends in congregational life should be seen against the backdrop of substantial continuity, especially for the relatively brief period covered by the NCS.

Effect of Temporal Arrangement on Multimedia Learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Chen
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Multimedia Learning ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multimedia Teaching ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Source Of Information

The purpose of this study is to examine whether Multimedia learning theory (Mayer, 1997; Schnotz & Kürschner, 2007) holds true when images are the primary source of information and text information is secondary. I will test how temporal arrangement of audio and image presentations affects quality of learning in this situation. I hypothesize that when audio is played before or after the image participants will require increased cognitive processing to mentally integrate the two sources of information resulting in deeper learning and transfer of learning. On the other hand when audio is played while the image is shown, I hypothesize that participants with high prior knowledge of the subject will score lower than participants with low prior knowledge, because prior knowledge will interfere with knowledge from the two sources causing a redundancy effect. This experiment will lead to greater understanding of multimedia teaching and learning in classrooms as well as how it affects deeper learning.

scholarly journals Sustainable/ Green Product Packaging From the Shoppers Perspective: A Case of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Salah Abunar ◽  
Mohammad Zulfeequar Alam
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Sustainable Packaging ◽  
Source Of Information

Background/Objectives: Global warming, contamination and climate change are some of the problems that have become an increasingly concerning issue internationally. Buyers' concerns about environmental protection have led to the diversification in consumer buying approach towards a green lifestyle. Therefore, firms are taking action to develop potential ecological strategies in the green market industry. This paper aims to explore and determine the insight of Saudi shoppers regarding sustainable (Green) product packaging to maintain a sustainable and green environment.Material and methods: A sample survey of 232 consumers of Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistical tools were used, for hypothesis testing, Chi-square test/ Chi-Square Goodness of fit test was applied at Alpha 0.05 with 95% of confidence level.Findings: The result conveys that the knowledge and information towards green product packaging are not favorable, the product labels as a source of information for sustainable packaging considered the primary source for the green product.Conclusion: The marketers, and stakeholders having environmental concern, need to have a great call to the campaign of sustainable/ green product packaging. Besides, it is recommended that the marketer of an eco-friendly product need to consider product labels as a good source of information for sustainable packaging at a priority level.Significance of the study: This research will contribute to the related stakeholders to realize the insight of sustainable (green) products packaging. Besides, it will give a better understanding of consumers' behavior regarding sustainable/ green packaging that will lead to achieving their goals in a suitable approach.

scholarly journals About the Reliability of Manual Model PV Corrections to Improve Forecasts

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1554-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Arbogast ◽  
Karine Maynard ◽  
Catherine Piriou
Keyword(s):  
Potential Vorticity ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Potential Vorticity Inversion ◽  
Human Modification ◽  
Balanced Distribution ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract The National Weather Forecast Centre of Météo-France has developed a tool that corrects the state of the atmosphere within the Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle (ARPEGE) operational global model by adjusting the potential vorticity when the initial conditions and available observations disagree. Among observational datasets, geostationary satellite data are the primary source of information. Here, the representation of the coherent structures of the tropopause in the model is assessed with Meteosat ozone and water vapor images. Modifications to the initial conditions of the potential vorticity (PV) in areas where the model fails can be applied using a potential vorticity inversion, thus providing a new balanced distribution of the wind and temperature that will then be used as a new initial state. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the degrees of weakness of the present qualitative approach. To this end, PV modifications to the initial conditions are applied by different experts on the eve of the windstorm Klaus (24 January 2009) that hit southwestern France. The different initial PV fields and the subsequent forecasts show significant differences in terms of wind and mean sea level pressure, while sharing some common features. The human modification process is therefore partially reproducible and skillful since the forecast is improved most of the time.

Does the Electronic Patient Record Support the Discharge Process? A Study on Physicians' Use of Clinical Information Systems during Discharge of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Dybdahl Sørby ◽  
Øystein Nytrø
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Patient Record ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Patient Record ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Paper Chart ◽  
Source Of Information

This study has been performed in order to categorise and measure usage of different information sources and types in a well defined stage of clinical work. The underlying motivation is to improve computer-supported presentation and retrieval of relevant information and to be able to evaluate the functionality of a future improved interface to the electronic patient record (EPR). By observing 52 discharge processes and categorising information types and sources, we have observed that the paper chart is used as a primary source of information about recent events and procedures, while the EPR is mostly used for retrieving background information and verification. Direct communication with other clinicians and the patient is also important during the discharge process. Results from an additional survey show that the physicians report greater use of the EPR than the result from the observational study. The study clearly indicates that there is a large potential for improved EPR systems that support the physicians in their work regarding discharge of patients, especially in the future planning part of the discharge.

For The G/C/T Classroom: Finding The Right Resources: Research Activities

G/C/T ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Shade
Keyword(s):  
Gifted Students ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Elementary Classroom ◽  
Gifted Program ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Integral Component ◽  
Elementary Gifted ◽  
The Right ◽  
Source Of Information

Research has been and should continue to be an integral component of any gifted program. Of the three basic types of research (historical, descriptive, and experimental), the first two types are most often engaged by students in the elementary classroom. These two types of research usually involve an encyclopedia as a primary source of information. Unless students are given the opportunity to be exposed to the wide variety of resources at their disposal it is unlikely that they will discover them on their own. It is the purpose of this article to provide the teacher of elementary gifted students with five research activities that can help expose students to those different resources. The activities should take about one week to complete, except for the final one. The purpose of the activities should be explained to the students before beginning them.

BUILD-UP OF UNDERSTANDING OF TECHNOLOGICAL CONVERGENCE: EVIDENCE FROM PRINTED INTELLIGENCE INDUSTRY

2012 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTI KARVONEN ◽  
MATTI LEHTOVAARA ◽  
TUOMO KÄSSI
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Technological Convergence ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Technological Trajectories ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Source Of Information

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the dynamics between traditional and emerging new industries in converging industry environments. The paper identifies different convergence types and utilizes the framework to analyze the evolution of printed intelligence and RFID markets. The primary source of information is based on the main RFID industry players, patents, and 12 semistructured interviews conducted by the research group. The results reveal that the emerging industry is in the early stages of evolution where market dynamics are driven by complementary technological convergence and the previously distinct technological trajectories of industries have started to overlap. In parallel with convergence, a restructuring of industries is taking place in the near future.

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