scholarly journals A NOVEL POLYMER-SURFACTANT COMPLEX MIXTURE TO IMPROVE DIESEL FUEL FLOW IN A ROTATING DISK APPARATUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh ◽  
Musaab K. Rashed ◽  
Hayder A. Abdulbari ◽  
M. Halim Shah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Surfactant Complex ◽  
Polymer Surfactant

Investigating the Degradation Resistance Improvement of Polymer Surfactant Complex Drag Reducing Agent

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder A. Abdulbari ◽  
Esmail A.M. Basheer ◽  
Ainoon Shabrin ◽  
Wafaa Kamil Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate ◽  
Surfactant Complex ◽  
Turbulent Drag ◽  
Tiny Amount ◽  
Polymer Drag Reduction ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Polymer Surfactant

Polymers-Surfactant complex efficacy in reducing the drag is of an interest subject in drag reduction research. Turbulent drag reduction (DR) efficiency of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (NaPSS) sodium Alkylbenzene sulfonate complex was studied in a rotating disk apparatus. The solution complex was prepared by varying the concentration of the polymer between 100 to 1200 ppm and the surfactant between 100 to 700ppm. Measurement of torque values were recorded for each sample. The NaPSS (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfante) was found to have an ability to reduce the drag in the turbulent flow. A significant improvement was recorded for the addition of tiny amount of surfactant to the polymer system compare to the pure polymer drag reduction. At high surfactant concentration, it was found that the polymer drag ability decrease. The polymer was degraded when it is subjected to a high shear stress. The degredation resistance was increased by the addation of the surfactant to the polymer solution at concentration range of 100ppm to 400ppm of surfactant.

scholarly journals Effect of the In-Cylinder Back Pressure on the Injection Process and Fuel Flow Characteristics in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector Using GTL Fuel

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Luka Lešnik ◽  
Breda Kegl ◽  
Eloísa Torres-Jiménez ◽  
Fernando Cruz-Peragón ◽  
Carmen Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Nozzle Flow ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Computational Program

The presented paper aims to study the influence of mineral diesel fuel and synthetic Gas-To-Liquid fuel (GTL) on the injection process, fuel flow conditions, and cavitation formation in a modern common-rail injector. First, the influence on injection characteristics was studied experimentally using an injection system test bench, and numerically using the one-dimensional computational program. Afterward, the influence of fuel properties on internal fuel flow was studied numerically using a computational program. The flow inside the injector was considered as multiphase flow and was calculated through unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations using a Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid approach. Finally, the influence of in-cylinder back pressure on the internal nozzle flow was studied at three distinctive back pressures. The obtained numerical results for injection characteristics show good agreement with the experimental ones. The results of 3D simulations indicate that differences in fuel properties influence internal fuel flow and cavitation inception. The location of cavitation formation is the same for both fuels. The cavitation formation is triggered regardless of fuel properties. The size of the cavitation area is influenced by fuel properties and also from in-cylinder back pressure. Higher values of back pressure induce smaller areas of cavitation and vice versa. Comparing the conditions at injection hole exit, diesel fuel proved slightly higher average mass flow rate and velocities, which can be attributed to differences in fluid densities and viscosities. Overall, the obtained results indicate that when considering the injection process and internal nozzle flow, GTL fuel can be used in common-rail injection systems with solenoid injectors.

scholarly journals Biopolymer–Surfactant Complexes as Flow Enhancers: Characterization and Performance Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa K. Mahmood ◽  
Wafaa A. Khadum ◽  
E. Eman ◽  
Hayder A. Abdulbari
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Artificial Nature ◽  
Polymer Surfactant

AbstractArtificial polymeric additives are known, and experimentally proven, to be effective drag reducing agents in pipelines with turbulent flow medium. The artificial nature of these additives and their low resistance to high shear forces, exerted by the pipeline geometries and equipment, are considered as major problems against a wider implementation in other industrial applications. The present work introduces a new polymer-surfactant complex of two organic additives (chitosan and sodium laurel ether sulfate, SLES) as a drag reducing agent. The rheological and morphological properties of the new complexes were experimentally tested. The new complex’s drag reduction performance and stability against high shear forces were analyzed using rotating disk apparatus. All the investigated solutions and complexes showed a non-Newtonian behavior. The cryo-TEM images showed a unique polymer-surfactant macrocomplex structure with a nonlinear relationship between its rheological properties and surfactant concentration. A maximum flow enhancement of 47.75% was obtained by the complex (chitosan 300 and 400ppmof chitosan and SLES, respectively) at the rotation speed of 3000 rpm. Finally, the stability of the proposed additives was highly modified when the additive complexes were formed.

Synergistic Polymer–Surfactant-Complex Mediated Colloidal Interactions and Deposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 14518-14530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helya Najafi ◽  
Huda A. Jerri ◽  
Valentina Valmacco ◽  
Matthew G. Petroff ◽  
Christopher Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Interactions ◽  
Surfactant Complex ◽  
Polymer Surfactant

scholarly journals Mesomorphic Phase Behavior in Comb-like Polymer- Surfactant Complex

e-Polymers ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Akiba ◽  
Hiroyasu Masunaga ◽  
Shouichi Murata ◽  
Kanako Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Optical Anisotropy ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Lamellar Phase ◽  
Surfactant Complex ◽  
Lamellar Morphology ◽  
Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Polymer Surfactant

AbstractIt was found that a comb-like complex consisting of poly[2-(N,Ndimethylamino) ethyl acrylate] (PDAEA) and p-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) formed mesomorphically ordered lamellar phase at room temperature where PDAEA and DBSA are in molten state. The lamellar phase shows optical anisotropy, although the individual components are always isotropic. In addition it is found that the optical anisotropy of the PDAEA-DBSA complex completely disappears with accompanying order-disorder transition of the lamellar morphology with elevating temperature.

Adsorption of Cationic Laser Dye onto Polymer/Surfactant Complex Film

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabitra Kumar Paul ◽  
Syed Arshad Hussain ◽  
Debajyoti Bhattacharjee ◽  
Mrinal Pal
Keyword(s):  
Laser Dye ◽  
Surfactant Complex ◽  
Polymer Surfactant ◽  
Complex Film

scholarly journals Enhancing the Drag Reduction Phenomenon within a Rotating Disk Apparatus Using Polymer-Surfactant Additives

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musaab Rashed ◽  
Mohamad Mohd Salleh ◽  
Hayder Abdulbari ◽  
Mohd Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Polymer Surfactant

The Droplet Burning Characteristics of Algae-Derived Renewable Diesel, Conventional #2 Diesel, and Their Mixtures

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Xu ◽  
Meilin Dong ◽  
Ivan Keresztes ◽  
Anthony M. Condo ◽  
Dan Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
System Level ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Renewable Diesel ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Concentric Spheres

Bio-derived fuels have received significant attention for their potential to reduce the consumption of petroleum-based liquid fuels, either through blending or direct use. Bio-feedstocks that employ algae, in particular heterotrophic microalgae, which convert sustainable plant sugars into renewable oils are especially attractive because the sugar that feeds this process can come from many sources — from sugarcane to corn, and even waste biomass, also known as cellulosic sugars. The microalgae grow in the dark and transforms sugar into nearly any oil type for almost any purpose anywhere, all while drastically compressing production time, from months and years to a matter of days. Much of the work in this area has focused on fuel production technologies. Little research has been reported on the combustion performance of algae-derived fuels, with most of the effort being directed to more system-level studies associated with combustion in engines. In this paper, we report the results of experiments that address some more fundamental multiphase combustion characteristics of algae-derived fuels relevant for spray combustion, namely a configuration involving a single isolated burning droplet. Experimental conditions are created that promote near spherical symmetry such that the gas flow arises primarily through the evaporation process (i.e., stationary droplets are ignited by spark discharge in stagnant air in the standard atmosphere and the droplet burning history is recorded in a free-fall facility that minimizes the influence of buoyant convection). The combustion symmetry that results, in which the droplet and flame are concentric spheres, facilitates the understanding of the combustion process while providing useful validation data for basic models of droplet burning that assume one-dimensional gas transport. Experiments were performed using algae-derived renewable diesel, and its performance was compared to #2 diesel fuel and a mixture of algal renewable diesel/#2 diesel (0.5 v/v). Additionally, the results of detailed chemical analysis are reported where it is shown that the composition of the algae-based diesel that was employed in the experiments was comprised of a complex mixture of aromatics and normal alkanes. The highly sooting propensity of these components resulted in droplet flames being luminous and producing soot during the burning history. A comparison of the flame brightness suggests that the sooting propensities are in the order of #2 diesel > renewable diesel #2 diesel blend > algae renewable diesel, which is consistent with observations of the sooting dynamics from back-lit droplet images. In spite of this difference in sooting propensities, algal renewable diesel droplets were found to have burning rates that are very close to #2 diesel and the mixture. Furthermore, the relative position of the flame to the droplet was almost indistinguishable for the fuels examined. These results suggest that algae renewable diesel could potentially be considered a drop-in replacement for conventional diesel fuel, or at the least serve as a useful additive to reduce the consumption of petroleum-based #2 diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Justification of Requirements for the Motorless Method of Evaluation of Deposit Forming Tendency of Diesel Fuel on Diesel Engine Injectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A. V. Yakovlev ◽  
◽  
E. A. Sharin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Test Temperature ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Optimal Test ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Flow Loss ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

The calculation of the dynamics of heating a drop of fuel in the nozzle of diesel injector has been carried out. The possibility of using a gasoline nozzle to assess the tendency of diesel fuels to the formation of deposits on diesel engine injectors has been substantiated. The optimal test temperature for diesel fuels has been experimentally determined. Taking into account the calculated parameters, a method for evaluating the propensity of diesel fuels to form deposits on the injectors was developed on an OSV-01 device. It has been found that darkening of the nozzle bottom and the relative fuel flow loss are independent indicators. It is shown that the sensitivity and differentiating ability of method are sufficient for classification of diesel fuels according to their tendency to form deposits on the injectors of diesel engines. Two criteria for estimating the degree of contamination of nozzle are proposed: contamination of the nozzle bottom and relative fuel flow loss thought nozzle. Preliminary studies of tendency to form deposits of a number of commercial diesel fuels have been conducted.

scholarly journals The Effect of Oxygenated Turpentine Oil Additive in Diesel Fuel on the Performance and Emission Characteristics in One-Cylinder DI Engines

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Asep Kadarohman ◽  
Fitri Khoerunnisa ◽  
Syazwana Sapee ◽  
Ratnaningsih Eko Sardjono ◽  
Izuan Izzudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Flow Rate ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Fuel Flow

A study on the application of oxygenated turpentine oil as a bio-additive in diesel fuel was conducted. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of oxygenated turpentine oil additive in diesel fuel on the performance and emission characteristics in diesel engines. Oxygenated turpentine oil is obtained from the oxidation process of turpentine oil. In this experimental study, the influences of oxygenated turpentine oil-diesel blended fuel OT0.2 (0.2% vol oxygenated turpentine oil and 99.8% vol diesel) were compared with pure diesel on engine performance, and emission characteristics were examined in a one-cylinder four-stroke CI engine. The test was performed at two engine loads (25% and 50%) and seven engine speeds (from 1200–2400 rpm with intervals of 200 rpm). The physiochemical characteristics of test fuels were acquired. The engine indicated power, indicated torque, fuel flow rate, and emissions (carbon dioxide, CO2; carbon monoxide, CO; and nitrogen oxide, NOX) were examined. The results revealed that the engine power shows slight increments of 0.7–1.1%, whereas the engine torque slightly decreased with oxygenated turpentine usage compared to pure diesel in most conditions. Furthermore, a reduction in NOX emission decreased by about 0.3–66% with the addition of oxygenated turpentine in diesel compared to diesel. However, usage of OT0.2 decreased fuel flow rate in most speeds at low load but gave a similar value to diesel at 50% load. CO emissions slightly increased with an average of 1.2% compared to diesel while CO2 emissions increased up to 37.5% than diesel. The high-water content, low cetane number, and low heating value of oxygenated turpentine oil were the reasons for the inverse effect found in the engine performances.

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